In the Preface to the second edition of the Science of Logic, Hegel speaks of an instinctive and unconscious logic whose forms and determinations 'always remain imperceptible and incapable of becoming objective even as they emerge in language.' In spite of Hegel's ambitions to provide a philosophical system that might transcend messy human nature, Félix Duque argues that human nature remains stubbornly present in precisely this way. In this book he responds to the 'remnants' of Hegel's work not to (...) explicate his philosophy, but instead to explore the limits of his thought. He begins with the tension between singularity and universality, both as a metaphysical issue in terms of substance and subject, and as a theological issue in terms of ideas about the human and divine nature of Jesus. Duque argues that the questions these issues bring out require a search for some antecedent authority, for which he turns to Hegel's theory of "second nature" and the idea of nature as reflected in the nation state. He considers Hegel's evaluation of the French Revolution in the context of political and civil life, and in a religious context, how Hegel saw considerations of authority and guilt sublimated and purified in the development of Christianity. (shrink)

This paper argues that the Extended Synthesis, ecological information, and biosemiotics are complementary approaches whose engagement will help us explain the organism-environment interaction at the cognitive level. The Extended Synthesis, through niche construction theory, can explain the organism-environment interaction at an evolutionary level because niche construction is a process guided by information. We believe that the best account that defines information at this level is the one offered by biosemiotics and, within all kinds of biosemiotic information available, we believe that (...) ecological information is the best candidate for making sense of the organism-environment relation at the cognitive level. This entanglement of biosemiotics, ecological information and the Extended Synthesis is promising for understanding the multidimensional character of the organism-environment reciprocity as well as the relation between evolution, cognition, and meaning. (shrink)

Being scientific research a process of social interaction, this process can be studied from a game-theoretic perspective. Some conceptual and formal instruments that can help to understand scientific research as a game are introduced, and it is argued that game theoretic epistemology provides a middle ground for 'rationalist' and 'constructivist' theories of scientific knowledge. In the first part , a description of the essential elements of game of science is made, using an inferentialist conception of rationality. In the second part (...) , some ideas for the reconstruction of case studies are introduced, and applied to one example: Latour's analysis of Joliot's attempt to build an atomic bomb. Lastly, in the third part , a formal analysis of the constitution of scientific consensus is offered. (shrink)

This article explores the influence that an organisation's corporate values have on employees' behaviour and values both within and outside the work environment. In particular, it focuses on the impact of these values on the personal buying behaviour of employees. The empirical research was undertaken within a case study organisation that produces wine in Spain and involved interviews with senior management, an analysis of company documentation, as well as group discussions with employees supported by an employee survey. The article argues (...) that an organisation's corporate values influence not only its employees' behaviour within the work environment, but also impacts on their global values system outside of the work environment. In particular, this was evident within the employees' buying behaviour practices in relation to supplier loyalty and environmental concern. This has implications for business ethics as an organisation's value system may go beyond the purely business context. Organisations need to be aware of their impact on employees' behaviour outside of the work environment; this is particularly the case for multinational companies working across many cultures. (shrink)

Analizamos la manipulación en el discurso público, siguiendo el drama shakespeareano Julio César y la versión fílmica de J.L. Mankiewicz. Al centrarse este discurso en la acción, son menos útiles los argumentos coherentes y bien elaborados que las apelaciones emotivas y las imágenes impactantes. Se oculta la verdad con una retórica brillante, pero perniciosa. Solo la participación activa ante la recepción de un discurso manipulador, sin renunciar a la argumentación retórica, puede ponernos en guardia de forma crítica, racional y razonable.

Skillful Striving investigates the nature of the cultivation of excellence, the conditions that render it possible, and its potential for inspiration from the perspective of enactive wisdom—one that by enacting lays down a way or path. Performative endeavors whose telos centrally involves physical performance—sports, martial and performing arts, crafts–—are the focus of this inquiry. These are privileged ways for a holistic cultivation of our talents and limitations. The main philosophical thrust can be summarized as a “thick holism” where naturalism and (...) normativity combine. Skillful Striving is concerned with an integrative bodymind and its ways of knowing and experiencing that issue forth from active engagements with the world, and whose goal is defined by certain standards of qualitative performance that ultimately aim at excellence. The process of cultivation relies on a rich epistemic landscape where skills are coupled to virtues in pragmatic contexts. These contexts are ecologically broad in the sen. (shrink)

Co-authorship of papers is very common in most areas of science, and it has increased as the complexity of research has strengthened the need for scientific collaboration. But the fact that papers have more than an author tends to complicate the attribution of merit to individual scientists. I argue that collaboration does not necessarily entail co-authorship, but that in many cases the latter is an option that individual authors might not choose, at least in principle: each author might publish in (...) a separate way her own contribution to the collaborative project in which she has taken part, or papers could explicitly state what the contribution of each individual author has been. I ask, hence, why it is that scientists prefer to ‘pool’ their contributions instead of keeping them separate, if what they pursue in their professional careers (besides epistemic goals) is individual recognition. My answer is based on the view of the scientific paper as a piece of argumentation, following an inferentialist approach to scientific knowledge. A few empirical predictions from the model presented here are suggested in the conclusions. (shrink)

El presente trabajo argumenta la semejanza del papel dialógico entre Platón y Hans-Georg Gadamer como punto fundante de la actividad del filósofo y como punto de desencuentro entre la dialéctica y la retórica antigua, y entre la dialéctica y la hermenéutica contemporánea. Al contrario, se analiza su diferencia para exponer el papel anticrítico de la dialéctica que caracteriza la obra de Verdad y Método y reafirma la función enunciativa de la texné en relación con la situación dialogal entre el lector (...) y un texto. (shrink)

Covering interesting and varied philosophical terrain, _Cycling - Philosophy for Everyone_ explores in a fun but critical way the rich philosophical, cultural, and existential experiences that arise when two wheels are propelled by human energy. Incorporates or reflects the views of high-profile and notable past-professional cyclists and insiders such as Lennard Zinn, Scott Tinley, and Lance Armstrong Features contributions from the areas of cultural studies, kinesiology, literature, and political science as well as from philosophers Includes enlightening essays on the varieties (...) of the cycling experience, ranging from the ethical issues of success, women and cycling, environmental issues of commuting and the transformative potential of cycling for personal growth Shows how bicycling and philosophy create the perfect tandem Includes a foreword by Lennard Zinn, author and owner of Zinn Cycles Inc. (shrink)

We give a presentation of Post algebras of ordern+1 (n1) asn+1 bounded Wajsberg algebras with an additional constant, and we show that a Wajsberg algebra admits a P-algebra reduct if and only if it isn+1 bounded.

This chapter contains sections titled: Ahoy! The Sublime Poetry of Sail and Wind Poseidon's Wrath She Moves One is Free … on a Boat?

El presente artículo, a partir de la obra del intelectual palestino Edward W. Said, pretende rememorar, tras sesenta años de colonización y ocupación israelí, la Naqbah palestina, es decir, indagar las verdaderas y catastróficas consecuencias de la creación de un «hogar nacional judío» en las tierras de la Palestina histórica. A su vez, se realiza un análisis de la situación de los refugiados palestinos como uno de los más esenciales y trágicos efectos de la creación del Estado de Israel. Así, (...) se perfila la negación sistemática de la ciudadanía para con los refugiados palestinos tanto en el interior de Israel, como en el Líbano, Egipto, o Jordania. (shrink)

Reseña del libro: Amparo de Jesús Zárate Cuello y Orietta Ivonne Beltrán Casas. Del diagnóstico preimplantatorio al niño medicamento en Colombia: una mirada en torno a la eugenesia positiva. Legislación comparada con el ordenamiento jurídico español. Bogotá: Editorial Neogranadina, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18359/9789585103122.

Evaluating the Knowledge and Practice of Limitation of Therapeutic Effort in Health Workers at a Health Care Institution for Cancer Patients in Medellín, 2018Avaliação do conhecimento e da prática da limitação de esforço terapêutico em equipe de atendimento de uma instituição prestadora de serviços de saúde para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018Limitation of therapeutic effort is any action that involves suspending or not initiating medical treatment or therapeutic measures in patients who will not receive any clinical benefit. In Latin America, (...) some research has proven a lack of familiarization and disagreement with the subject and its practices. The present study tried to objectify the knowledge of LTE of healthcare personnel at an institute in Medellín using a self-administered survey that allowed conducting a cross-sectional descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling. Within the results, 56.5 % of respondents understood the concept of LTE, and 90 % applied it actively. However, there were discrepancies regarding the core concepts of the definition and practice.Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigoVallejo LI, Palacio AM, Marulanda V, Restrepo A, Yepes LA, Valencia NL, Cruz MA. Evaluación del conocimiento y práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en personal asistencial de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018. 2020;24:177-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.2.5Recibido: 19/07/2019Aceptado: 08/08/2020Publicado: 27/11/2020. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende esclarecer cuál es la concepción de la política en Alain Badiou en relación con lo que él mismo denominó la “recomposición del marxismo”. Es decir, nos interesa mostrar cómo Badiou, sin dejar de lado un objetivo de emancipación social, se desembaraza de la concepción del marxismo tradicional que redundaba, entre otras cosas, en una visión mecanicista de la historia, en la sustancialización del sujeto político en tanto proletariado y en la concepción del comunismo como un futuro (...) inexorable. Para esto Badiou elabora, desde sus primeros textos, una filosofía del azar y del acontecimiento que rompe con toda determinación lineal del tiempo y, por ende, con una especificación predeterminada de los sujetos y los procedimientos políticos a desarrollar. No obstante, pese a que Badiou enfatiza en el carácter acontecimental y, por tanto, novedoso de la política, conceptualmente parte de conceptos preconstituidos tales como los de proletariado y comunismo, lo que lleva a tensionar su obra, más allá de la redefinición a la que los somete. En tal sentido, queremos detallar la posición política de Badiou en torno a esta tensión e, incluso, indecisión donde, simultáneamente, se convoca y se trastoca las nociones de proletariado y comunismo. Para esto, partiendo de un análisis cronológico de las obras del autor francés, dividimos el artículo en cuatro apartados. En el primero de ellos puntualizamos cómo surge esta filosofía del azar. En el segundo, ahondamos en el diferendo entre lo político y la política, y cómo en esa disyunción se sitúa el concepto de proletariado. En el tercero, tocamos el espinoso tema del comunismo. Finalmente, ofrecemos unas conclusiones donde nos preguntamos si no será necesario ahondar en el carácter radical de los acontecimientos políticos, de tal suerte que habría que trastocar aún más las nociones, e incluso las palabras de proletariado y comunismo. (shrink)

Se realiza un estudio de los principios básicos o tradicionales de la bioética y su influencia en la práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, como condicionante que favorece su aplicación en los pacientes en estado terminal. Se aborda la necesidad de una bioética no importada de otros países, que se corresponda a las características de la realidad latinoamericana y a cada contexto sociocultural. El trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental resaltar la importancia de estos (...) principios básicos en la discusión ético-clínica para la toma de decisiones, a partir de una bioética que se corresponda a la realidad de los sistemas imperantes. A study of basic or traditional principles of bioethics and its influence in the practice of the limits of the therapeutic effort in the intensive care units, as a requirement that favors its application in terminal ill patients was carried out. The need of having bioethics principles that match Latin-American reality and each sociocultural context, not imported ones from other countries, was stated. This paper main objective is to highlight the importance of these basic principles in ethic-clinic discussion for decision-making, taking as the starting point a bioethics that corresponds to the reality of the dominant system. (shrink)

El neopragmatismo norteamericano en la actualidad integra una serie de discusiones que ponen en tela de juicio el carácter fundacionalista de la filosofía. Una de ellas es justamente que al repensar el arte y la estética desde la experiencia se repiensa también el papel de la filosofía actual. El mayor promotor de esta idea es Richard Shusterman quien inspirado por Dewey en este sentido, desarrolla su pensamiento en íntimo diálogo con la tradición continental en una abierta crítica a la estética (...) analítica y a las hermenéuticas universalistas, donde propone de paso la filosofía como forma de vida, la hermenéutica de la comprensión, la legitimidad del arte popular y la somaestética. (shrink)

In this paper the scientific trajectory of Spanish influential biochemist Alberto Sols (1917–1989) is presented in comparative perspective. His social and academic environment, his research training under the Cori's in the US in the early 1950s and his works when coming back to Spain to develop his own scientific career are described in order to present the central argument of this paper on his path from physiological research to research on enzymatic regulation. Sols' main contributions were both scientific and academic. (...) He and his collaborators not only contributed to biological knowledge on the biochemistry of metabolic regulation but to the active reception of biochemistry in the Spanish academia and to update of Spanish medical education. -/- . (shrink)

La epistemología evolucionista de Karl Popper se convierte en una interesante integración dinámica entre los conceptos darwinianos de “supervivencia del más apto” y el de “selección natural”, con la compresión epistemológica de la ciencia y su despliegue metodológico. A partir de dicha tesis no sólo pretende Popper explicar la obtención del conocimiento común, sino el proceso de depuración del conocimiento científico. De esta manera, la propuesta popperiana de analizar el proceso metodológico de selección de teorías, a la luz de la (...) tesis darwiniana en términos de competencia y resistencia, se convierte en presupuesto fundamental para la explicación de la capacidad probatoria dada por vía de la falsación o la contrastación de las teorías con la experiencia. A la manera de un organismo esforzándose en el proceso de adaptación al ambiente, se debe conseguir que las teorías se adapten cada vez mejor a la explicación de los hechos, de tal forma que logren arrojar más luces en la comprensión de los fenómenos. Ahora bien, dicha posición biológico-epistemológica contrasta con la perspectiva metafísica que demuestra tener Popper de la verdad, en tanto que no sólo la considera en su sentido objetivo sino que la plantea como un ideal real, aunque paradójicamente inalcanzable. (shrink)

Pretendemos con este texto explorar la presencia y función, a veces problemática y contradictoria, del pensamiento orteguiano y de algunos de los conceptos fundamentales de su circunstancialismo, en su trasvase directo –vía sus reflexiones argentinas– o su trasplante críticamente mediado –vía México–, a tierras americanas. La relevancia en la promoción y justificación del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano moderno y actual de las ideas orteguianas adquieren especial interés cuando son indagadas en los años cruciales del inicio del destierro español en México.

Igreja e Educação, tema que se constrói e se manifesta como realização da missão evangelizadora pedida por Jesus Cristo, quando da sua subida aos céus. Ao assumir a educação, a Igreja percebe o mundo como uma realidade em contínua transformação e acredita que o ser humano pode, com suas atitudes, alterar os rumos da sociedade por meio da vivência solidária e da luta por um mundo melhor. Sendo os elementos-chave do processo educacional, a igualdade, a solidariedade, a autonomia, a cidadania (...) e a fraternidade, a Igreja se coloca inteiramente nessa perspectiva. Principalmente com a educação religiosa, a Igreja quer agir de tal forma que cada momento da sua atuação propicie um processo de dignidade, libertação e emancipação, a exemplo de Jesus Cristo. A educação para a Igreja tem, no exemplo de Jesus Cristo, a forma de melhor cumprir essa missão. (shrink)

Our aim in this paper is to throw some light on the kind of normativity characteristic of human knowledge. We describe the epistemic normative domain as that field of human agency defined by knowledge understood as an achievement. The normativity of knowledge rests on the contribution of the epistemic agent to the fulfillment of certain tasks. Such contribution is epistemically significant when the agent becomes engaged in the obtaining of success. Finally, we identify some features associated with full epistemic agency (...) and elucidate what we mean by engagement by appealing to the idea of adopting an epistemic perspective. En este artículo pretendemos arrojar luz sobre la normatividad propia del conocimiento humano. Describimos el dominio normativo epistémico como un campo de agencia humana que está definido por el conocimiento entendido como logro. La normatividad del conocimiento se apoya en la contribución del agente epistémico a la consecución de ciertas tareas. Tal contribución es epistémicamente significativa cuando el agente llega a participar en la consecución del éxito. Por último identificamos algunos rasgos asociados con la agencia epistémica completa, y aclaramos lo que queremos decir con implicación apelando a la idea de adoptar una perspectiva epistémica. (shrink)

Este artículo comprende la periodización literaria del terror a inicios del siglo XX, expresada en la revista Variedades, dirigida por Clemente Palma, quien tuvo intereses artísticos e ideológicos similares. La compilación de textos afines se publicó en Cuentos malévolos (1904). Sus tópicos patentizados representan componentes indispensables para aludir al terror concomitante. Para demostrarlo, se efectuará un análisis discursivo de esas propiedades, tales como sus personajes consuetudinarios, el tipo de acciones desempeñadas, los escenarios configurados, la atmósfera inferida, la constitución de los (...) narradores y su forma de realizar sus enunciaciones. Igualmente, estos talantes se confrontarán con los relatos del escritor peruano. (shrink)

Several studies have examined victim blaming in rape scenarios. However, there is limited research on the analysis of the perception of blame when two or more perpetrators are involved. The present article explores the perception of blame in cases involving rape based on the level of resistance shown by the victim and the presence of one or more perpetrators. A study was carried out involving 351 university students who responded to a survey after reading a hypothetical assault scenario. Six situations (...) were established where the victim showed either low or high resistance, depending on whether the resistance was verbal or physical and verbal, and in the presence of one or two male perpetrators. It is expected that perpetrators are more culpable when acting in groups and that less resistance from the victim leads to greater attribution of blame. The results confirm that more blame is attributed to the perpetrators when they act in groups than when they act alone. Likewise, women consider the victim generally exerts greater resistance and this variable influences the attribution of greater blame. (shrink)

Partindo de uma suspeita, em geral negativa, que pesa sobre a imaginação, pretendemos, em primeiro lugar, aqui justificar a dignidade e a importância filosófica da imaginação na elaboração de textos literários. Em segundo lugar, vamos fundamentar algumas funções éticas que o texto literário comporta realizar e corporificar experimentos mentais sobre ideias, valores. E, por fim, atestar a contribuição impar que o jogo da imaginação exerce na solução dos hard cases da filosofia moral a partir de Ricoeur. Faremos isto, num primeiro (...) momento, desenvolvendo pressupostos e implicações éticas oriundas da efetivação do jogo livre da imaginação na literatura. A seguir, explicitaremos algumas funções éticas da imaginação na filosofia moral em dois itens: inicialmente elucidaremos pressupostos e implicações éticas do uso da imaginação nos hard cases e, a seguir, ilustremos isso refletindo sobre um exemplo em Ricoeur. Ao final do texto, apresentamos indicações conclusivas acerca das funções éticas da imaginação. (shrink)

Action Schemes: Questions and Suggestions Content Type Journal Article Pages 83-88 DOI 10.1007/s13347-010-0007-2 Authors Evan Selinger, Department of Philosophy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY USA Jesús Aguilar, Department of Philosophy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY USA Kyle Powys Whyte, Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA Journal Philosophy & Technology Online ISSN 2210-5441 Print ISSN 2210-5433 Journal Volume Volume 24 Journal Issue Volume 24, Number 1.