El presente artículo ofrece una propuesta de intervención para la enseñanza de la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco a través del cómic para alumnos de segundo de Bachillerato en el aula de historia. Para ello, primero se examinan las contribuciones de varios autores que han valorado positivamente la utilidad didáctica de la novela gráfica en el aula de historia. Más concretamente, este artículo se hace eco de los últimos estudios publicados en los Estados Unidos sobre la utilidad del cómic (...) como recurso didáctico en las clases de historia. Posteriormente se diseña una propuesta didáctica de mejora para la enseñanza de la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco dirigida a alumnos de segundo de Bachillerato para la asignatura de Historia de España. Se propone utilizar el cómic Tristísima ceniza (2011) de Mikel Begoña e Iñaket como medio para ayudar a los alumnos a construir las capacidades de identificar, contextualizar y corroborar. (shrink)

Although horseback riding is not specifically mentioned in the recommendations for different age groups regarding the level of physical activity necessary for good health, its practice continues to grow in popularity throughout the world. Despite being a minority discipline, it has some characteristics that make it an opportunity for its participants to be active people, so it is important to understand what are the perceived health benefits and barriers to participation. The aim of the study is to describe and analyze (...) the perceived health benefits and barriers in horseback riding among riders categorized by level and age, in order to promote physical activity through these benefits and to overcome the barriers. An online version of the EBBS was used to analyze benefits and barriers. The sample consisted of 2,651 participants in an equestrian event, distributed in four age groups. Perceived benefits and participation barriers to horseback riding were analyzed. The factor analysis identified and confirmed five benefit factors and four barrier factors. Benefit factors were significantly correlated among them but barriers were less interrelated. Higher ages were associated to larger benefits and less barrier effects. Benefit and barrier differences were larger between amateur and professional riders, compared to gender differences. (shrink)

Sebastian Rödl undermines a foundational dogma of contemporary philosophy: that knowledge, in order to be objective, must be knowledge of something that is as it is, independent of being known to be so. This profound work revives the thought that knowledge, precisely on account of being objective, is self-knowledge: knowledge knowing itself.

In this article, I examine the relationship between environment and political consciousness, articulating an argument that links the organic side and the economical level of environmentalist claims, and exposing some of the social movements and political positions that were coined in the Basque Country in the end of the 20 th century and beginning of the 21 st century. Some of the protests linked to environmental causes in the Basque Country fit with the narratives that give access to the new (...) century and describe the coming concepts in the form of advent with regards to notions like sustainability, organic, energy policies, post-ideologies and even the relationship between food and environment in more recent years. In this direction, environmental movements have succeeded in confusing the materialistic goals of their claims and the very materialism implicit in nature. Thus, I claim that these movements have complied from conservative positions rather than progressist positions. Therefore, there has been an asymmetry with the ideological portion of these claims and protests and the truly emancipatory goals of any progressist position. If the drive for sustainability can counter materialist and idealist proposals, we need to find a solution where “sustainable” means organic without the bodily part of the organic term itself. (shrink)

This monograph sets out from the idea of an obscure and perverted relationship between environmentalism, understood as a 21 st century green and popular movement, and pornography, understood as a traditionalist and conservative art form. Both sides seem to come together in the interest of what has been called the Anthropocene. Somehow the same groups that rely on a fierce defense of the planet and demand a collective awareness of the risk the entire humanity faces do not do it any (...) longer on behalf of an unknown future or revolutionary goal, but for the conservation of a still image of Earth: a positive conviction on how the future is going to look like. This aporia is dissolved into an oxymoron when environmentalist practices are put at work. (shrink)

Se discute el uso que Martha C. Nussbaum hace del libro I de Sobre los deberes en La tradición cosmopolita como la primera propuesta de cosmopolitismo estoico. Más específicamente, cuestiono que del fragmento 1. 20-60 pueda extraerse una teoría sobre la «bifurcación de los deberes ». Frente a esta tesis, propongo interpretar el fragmento, por un lado, como la exposición que un padre experimentado en política realiza a su hijo acerca de la manera más prudente de comportarse para que sus (...) acciones sean consideradas dignas de su posición social, y, por otro, como un programa que definiría los valores propios de la romanidad tal y como Cicerón la concibe. Desde un punto de vista político, se pretende cimentar la postura optimate frente al programa redistributivo de los populares. Filosóficamente, se combate la versión del estoicismo igualitarista o cínico subrayando la importancia del principio platónico-aristotélico de sociabilidad natural del ser humano y de los deberes cívicos que se derivan de él. (shrink)

Tetralogy of exemplarity by Javier Gomá has resumed the study of imitation from the perspective of the construction of models of moral behaviour at the service of our contemporary societies. Nevertheless, the starting presupposition of Gomá to define the imitative fact, the model-copy scheme, presents problems from a historical point of view and does not fit with the multiple forms adopted by the imitative dynamics in Antiquity.

La recepción del tratado Perì hýpsous en el pensamiento moderno y postmoderno ha enfatizado su condición de tratado de crítica literaria, hecho que ha contribuido decisivamente a encuadrar lo sublime en el ámbito de la estética. Sin embargo, una lectura contextualizada de la obra permite apreciar el valor pedagógico del concepto y su finalidad como elemento que contribuye a la fijación, a través de los textos literarios, de unos valores morales y políticos necesarios para la reproducción de la cultura. The (...) reception of the treatise Perì hýpsous in modern and postmodern thought has emphasized its status as a treatise on literary criticism, a fact that has decisively contributed to frame the sublime in the field of aesthetics. However, a contextualized reading of the work makes possible to appreciate the pedagogical value of the concept and its purpose as an element that contributes to establish, through literary texts, moral and political values necessary for the reproduction of culture. (shrink)

The work of Dionysius of Halicarnassus has been traditionally divided into two parts: first, treaties of rhetoric and, secondly, Roman Antiquities, the history of Rome from its origins to the First Punic War. However, there is a common element among the rhetorical and historical writings that gives internal coherence to the whole work. This element is imitation, wich Dionysius used to link ethics and aesthetics at the service of building the tradition of the Roman people.

El debate sobre si procede establecer un paralelismo entre las _Meditaciones _y la actividad jurídica y política de su autor ha llevado a la historiografía a plantear diversas hipótesis en cuanto a la adscripción filosófica de Marco Aurelio. Teniendo en cuenta estos trabajos previos, nos preguntamos cómo abordar el pasaje _Med. _VI, 44, en el que Marco Aurelio se pregunta por la providencia divina. El tema parece retomar un debate propio de la filosofía helenística con un vocabulario y un planteamiento (...) típicamente estoicos, pero su finalidad ya no es meramente teológica ni su posicionamiento sigue la ortodoxia de esta escuela. La inspiración estoica le permite defender la exigencia del culto a los dioses mediante ritos institucionalizados, aunque filosóficamente no pueda concluirse con certeza la existencia de la divinidad. Para alcanzar este objetivo reproduce la posición del Cota ciceroniano, quien, en _De natura deorum_, representa la posición del pontífice que debe proteger los ritos religiosos y el filósofo que busca una fundamentación teórica que facilite su defensa. De esta manera, Marco Aurelio, como antes Cicerón, politiza al servicio de Roma un debate que, en un primer momento, se hallaba circunscrito a la teología. (shrink)

This paper tries to reread Spinoza’s Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect in a materialist way, construing the criticism and indictments of «methodological idealism» as a wrong way of understanding materialism on its ontological level and, mainly, in its epistemological approach.

Human Capital is a familiar concept in critical analysis on neoliberal subjectivity. However, it is not usual to see its nominal presence accompanied by a detailed study about the economic theories in which it appears. This paper sets out to shed light on the categories and the theoretical frameworks of Human Capital theories on the basis of the texts of its main authors. And all that with a double intention: first, to construct a more comprehensive approach to neoliberalism’s subjectivity models, (...) particularly in labor matters; second, to genetically understand the ethical and political horizons of contemporary societies. (shrink)

Resumen: La comisaría de Policía Nacional de Irun, ciudad situada en la frontera entre los Estados españoles y franceses, en comparación con otras comisarías de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, tiene los datos más altos de arrestos de extranjeros en situación irregular. Aunque es común encontrar controles policiales cerca del entorno fronterizo esto choca con la idea de eliminación de fronteras en el Unión Europea. El lugar donde estaba la barrera fronteriza ha sido ocupada por un peaje de automóviles (...) construido con una estructura muy particular: con cámara de vigilancia, con garitas para policías, etc. El 70% de las personas detenidas en el Centro de Detención francés de Hendaia en 2015 fueron capturadas en la frontera. Además, los datos de readmisión fronteriza entre los dos estados, en virtud de un acuerdo firmado en 2002, son algo contundentes: 1500 personas han sido expulsadas de media anual (6.000 a lo largo de la frontera). Este estudio de caso de la frontera hispano-francesa pretende ser un estudio exploratorio de una temática desatendida: las fronteras internas. La regulación en estas áreas es diversa. Muchas excepciones y especificidades se aplican, paralelamente o alternativamente a las normas ordinarias de inmigración de los Estados miembro. Teniendo en cuenta todo esto, tenemos que repensar el imaginario de una Europa sin fronteras que se afirma en el Acuerdo de Schengen. Las fronteras interiores de la UE nunca han desaparecido sino mutado en un modelo de gestión policial de las fronteras internas Abstract: The police station in Irun, a town on the border between the Spanish and French States compared to other police stations in the Basque Country has the highest data of arrests of foreigners in irregular situation is concerned. It is normal, since it is common to find identity police controls near the border surroundings. The place where the border barrier was once was occupied by a car toll constructed with a very particular structure: as a border, with cabins for police men. In addition, the data of border readmission between these two states, under an agreement signed in 2002, is something to look at with special attention: 6.000 people deportaed along the Northen border. 70% of the people detained in the French Detention Centre of Hendaia in 2015 were caught at the border. This case study of the Spanish-French border will put some light in a disregarded topic and object: the internal borders. Regulation in these areas is diverse. Many exceptions and specificities apply, parallel or alternatively to the ordinary immigration rules, as a matter of exception of the Law. Considering all this we need to rethink the imaginary of a borderless Europe stated by the Schengen agreement. Following Balibar in “What is a border?” (2005) the controls multiplied all along the territory as a kaleidoscopic vision. The EU internal borders never disappeared but mutated into a police managed modelo of internal borders. (shrink)

Having initially not had the attention of Sartre or Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty's work is arguably now more widely influential than either of his two contemporaries. "Merleau-Ponty: Key Concepts" presents an accessible guide to the core ideas which structure Merleau-Ponty's thinking as well as to his influences and the value of his ideas to a wide range of disciplines. The first section of the book presents the context of Merleau-Ponty's thinking, the major debates of his time, particularly existentialism, phenomenology, the history of (...) philosophy and the philosophy of history and society. The second section outlines his major contributions and conceptual innovations. The final section focuses upon how his work has been taken up in other fields besides philosophy, notably in sociology, cognitive science, health studies, feminism and race theory. (shrink)

In this paper, I elicit a number of ways in which, according to the Sartre of The Transcendence of the Ego, we can miss the truth about our own self or, more simply, about ourselves. In order to do that, I consider what I call “statements about one's own self,” that is, statements of the form “I ...” where the predicate of the statement is meant to express things that are true of what is evidently given in reflection. I argue (...) that, although statements about one's own self can, according to Sartre, be true on final philosophical analysis, there are at least three senses in which statements about one's own self can or do miss the truth, even when they are (by hypothesis) true. How they miss the truth depends on the different level of philosophical analysis at which we take Sartre to be working. (shrink)

McTaggart’s argument for the unreality of time, first published in 1908, set the agenda for 20th-century philosophy of time. Yet there is very little agreement on what it actually says—nobody agrees with the conclusion, but still everybody finds something important in it. This book presents the first critical overview of the last century of debate on what is popularly called "McTaggart’s Paradox". Scholars have long assumed that McTaggart’s argument stands alone and does not rely on any contentious ontological principles. The (...) author demonstrates that these assumptions are incorrect—McTaggart himself explicitly claimed his argument to be dependent on the ontological principles that form the basis of his idealist metaphysics. The result is that scholars have proceeded to understand the argument on the basis of their own metaphysical assumptions, duly arriving at very different interpretations. This book offers an alternative reading of McTaggart’s argument, and at the same time explains why other commentators arrive at their mutually incompatible interpretations. It will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in the philosophy of time and other areas of contemporary metaphysics. (shrink)

In this book, Jana S. Ros̆ker offers the first comprehensive overview and exegesis of the work of Li Zehou, who is one of the most significant and influential Chinese philosophers of our time. Ros̆ker shows us how Li's complex system of thought seeks to revive various Chinese traditions, and at the same time attempts to harmonize or reconcile this cultural heritage with the demands of the dominant economic, political, and axiological structures of our globalized world. Variously characterized as 'neo-traditional,' 'neo-Kantian,' (...) 'post-Marxist,' 'Marxist-Confucian,' 'pragmatist,' 'instrumentalist,' 'romantic,' and more, Li's work was central to the period known as the Chinese Enlightenment in the 1980s and has helped modify and transform antiquated patterns of Chinese intellectual discourse. He is one of the rare Chinese thinkers whose work has had not only had a deep and lasting impact on Chinese intellectuals, but has acquired a broad readership outside of China as well. Seen from a broader intercultural perspective, Li's unique and imaginative approach to a wide range of basic theoretical problems has created new styles of intellectual investigation, while reminding us of our belonging to a common humanity, regardless of differences in our individual cultures, languages, preferences, and traditions. (shrink)

George Pattison’s Heidegger on Death aims at critically assessing Heidegger’s analysis of death included in his magnum opus Being and Time . Given the peculiar status of Heidegger’s analysis, tightly interwoven into a complex argumentative narrative touching on an array of foundational issues in philosophy, Pattison must first of all spell out for his reader Heidegger’s overall project in BT and show how Heidegger’s analysis of death fits in it. As the author makes clear, HD isn't meant to be a (...) piece of Heidegger scholarship but rather ‘… an essay about death that uses Heidegger … as a way of thinking about the question of death in a Christian and theological perspective’ . This self-imposed task places a second burden on Pattison, i.e., to draw on theological premises to examine Heidegger’s analysis of death and find it ultimately wanting. An implicit third burden, which the author only occasionally seems to intend to meet, is to state in exactly what sense .. (shrink)

Comparative study of religions and philosophies, in spite of its significance and urgency, has been neither fully appreciated nor developed in the study of religion or philosophy. Comparative study, historically speaking, is still young and complex in its approach. Religious Studies as an intellectual discipline has traditionally concentrated on the investigation of a single tradition, enabling a student to become an ‘expert’ in that particular tradition. The world in which we live, however, no longer allows us to be content with (...) the idea, the value, the way of thinking in our own tradition alone. In short, we no longer live in a ‘provincial’ age but in a ‘global’ age. (shrink)

La obra que pretendo reseñar a continuación es de difícil clasificación. Por un lado, estamos ante el trabajo de un académico que utiliza el instrumental propio del historiador de las ideas. Por otro, se nos presenta un contenido heterogéneo sustentado por un enfoque sumamente original. No resulta extraño por tanto que haya sido merecedora del XVIII Premio Miguel de Unamuno 2017 del Ayuntamiento de Bilbao al mejor ensayo en lengua castellana de entre los presentados a concurso. En los dieciséis capítulos (...) que la componen, rematados por una "Postdata personal" en la que el autor explica cómo surgió su interés por la obra del escritor vasco que concluyó finalmente con la escritura de la obra, Mario Martín Gijón, pacense de Villanueva de la Serena y profesor de la Universidad de Extremadura, presenta la historia de la recepción del pensamiento unamuniano en una España que quedó preterida injusta e injustificadamente durante tantos años: la de los exiliados que desarrollaron el grueso de su producción intelectual en Europa y América Latina durante la dictadura franquista. La heterogeneidad del contenido viene dada, en consecuencia, por la gran cantidad de autores -pensadores, poetas, novelistas o dramaturgos- que desfilan ante los ojos del lector. (shrink)

La responsabilidad ética de las acciones de un hombre que pudiera tornarse invisible reabre en Cicerón el debate entre lo honestum y lo utile y con él la necesidad de presentar un modelo de ciudadano que vincule elementos políticos, éticos y jurídicos en orden a la conservación de una serie de valores necesarios para la convivencia. Dicho modelo se presenta en De officiis como una traducción de la filosofía de Panecio en la que el complejo término decorum adquiere una dimensión (...) central. El artículo analiza dicho concepto y la posición que ocupa en el pensamiento político ciceroniano la imitación de los exempla virtutis como forma de garantizar la estabilidad política en un momento de grave crisis de los valores republicanos. (shrink)

Este artículo trata un fenómeno relativamente reciente: las redes transnacionales por los derechos de los inmigrantes. Refiere a la confluencia de múltiples organizaciones (asociaciones inmigrantes, ONGs, grupos anti-globalización, sindicatos, etc.), quienes son conscientes de la necesidad de transnacionalizar sus acciones de cara a contrarrestar las políticas neoliberales de control de fronteras y provisión de mano de obra provenientes desde la Unión Europea.

Achieving a comfortable thermal situation within buildings with an efficient use of energy remains still an open challenge for most buildings. In this regard, IoT (Internet of Things) and KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) processes may be combined to address these problems, even though data analysts may feel overwhelmed by heterogeneity and volume of the data to be considered. Data analysts could benefit from an application assistant that supports them throughout the KDD process and aids them to discover which are (...) the relevant variables for the matter at hand, or informing about relationships among relevant data. In this article, the EEPSA (Energy Efficiency Prediction Semantic Assistant) ontology which supports such an assistant is presented. The ontology is developed on the basis that a proper axiomatization shapes the set of admitted models better, and therefore, establishes the ground for a better interoperability. On the contrary, underspecification facilitates the admission of non-isomorphic models to represent the same state which hampers interoperability. This ontology is developed on top of three ODPs (Ontology Design Patterns) which include proper axioms in order to improve precedent proposals to represent features of interest and their respective qualities, as well as observations and actuations, the sensors and actuators that generate them, and the procedures used. Moreover, the ontology introduces six domain ontology modules integrated with the ODPs in such a manner that a methodical customization is facilitated. (shrink)

An iterative learning control algorithm is presented for the force control circuit of a hydraulic cushion. A control scheme consisting of a PI controller, feed-forward and feedback-linearization is first derived. The uncertainties and nonlinearities of the proportional valve, the main system actuator, prevent the accurate tracking of the pressure reference signal. Therefore, an extra ILC FF signal is added to counteract the valve model uncertainties. The unknown valve dynamics are attenuated by adding a fourth-order low-pass filter to the iterative learning (...) control design, which is split up into two second-order low-pass filters to carry out forward and backward filtering and obtain zero-phase filtering. The addition of the ILC signal presents significant improvements in terms of settling time and overshoot of the pressure signal in the cylinder. (shrink)

This book provides a comprehensive investigation into Hans Morgenthau's life and work. Identifying power, knowledge, and dissent as the fundamental principles that have informed his worldview, this book argues that Morgenthau's lasting contribution to the discipline of International Relations is the human condition of politics.

This section aims to summarize and conclude Part I in the form of a taxonomy of legitimate and illegitimate corporate moral responsibility attributions. I believe we can categorise four types of corporate moral responsibility attributions two of which are legitimate and two which are illegitimate with regard to our concept of moral agency and our moral intuition of fairness.

We show that if Ƒ is any "well-behaved" subset of the Borei functions and we assume the Axiom of Determinacy then the hierarchy of degrees on $P(^\omega \omega )$ induced by Ƒ turns out to look like the Wadge hierarchy (which is the special case where Ƒ is the set of continuous functions).

The Confucian revival which manifests itself in the modern Confucian current belongs to the most important streams of thought in contemporary Chinese philosophy. This book introduces this stream of thought by focusing on the second generation modern Confucians--Mou Zongsan, Tang Junyi, Xu Fuguan and Fang Dongmei. They argue that traditional Confucianism, as a specifically Chinese social, political, and moral system of thought can, if adapted to the modern era, serve as the foundation for an ethically meaningful modern life.

In der 1970 gegründeten Reihe erscheinen Arbeiten, die philosophiehistorische Studien mit einem systematischen Ansatz oder systematische Studien mit philosophiehistorischen Rekonstruktionen verbinden. Neben deutschsprachigen werden auch englischsprachige Monographien veröffentlicht. Gründungsherausgeber sind: Erhard Scheibe (Herausgeber bis 1991), Günther Patzig (bis 1999) und Wolfgang Wieland (bis 2003). Von 1990 bis 2007 wurde die Reihe von Jürgen Mittelstraß mitherausgegeben.

Research ethics -- The ethical perspective -- The 3rs and good scientific practice -- Applying ethical thinking and social relevance -- Regulation and legislation : overview and background -- Public involvement : how and why? -- The future of animal research : guesstimates on technical and ethical developments -- New refine.