L'idée que comprendre permet de prévoir est une idée moderne. Elle est fondée sur la découverte, que le monde physique obéit à des lois (Galilée, et surtout Newton). Elle a mis fin à la pensée magique, et elle est à la base de la révolution scientifique et du monde moderne. Or nous assistons à la dissociation de ces deux choses. D'une part, on réalise par exemple que les lois mathématiques de certains phénomènes, mêmes parfaitement connues, sont si sensibles à la (...) moindre imprécision dans les données que cela rend la prévision impossible en pratique. C'est le fameux "effet papillon" : un battement d'ailes à Rio pourrait être la cause d'une tornade au Texas. D'un autre côté, la puissance des big data rendrait inutile, selon certains essayistes et quelques scientifiques, le raisonnement théorique. On n'aurait plus besoin de comprendre les causalités puisque la corrélation suffirait. Un retour au CASSINI Moyen Age en somme, aux recettes qui ont marché, mais avec des données des millions de fois plus nombreuses. En termes économiques, on a découvert avec la révolution scientifique qu'une explication théorique coûtait moins cher que certaines observations : Newton avait prévu l'aplatissement de la Terre sans qu'on ait besoin d'aller voir aux pôles ; aujourd'hui grâce à la rapidité des ordinateurs et des réseaux, les termes de la comparaison s'inversent. A ceci, Hubert Krivine répond notamment que les big data et l'intelligence artificielle qui se fonde sur elles sont conservatrices, et que si elles conviennent aux assureurs, elles ne peuvent pas prévoir des choses nouvelles et extraordinaires. Les ordinateurs composent aujourd'hui sur demande du Mozart ou des ballades celtiques, aucun n'invente de musique nouvelle. Ils conduisent des voitures, mais aucun n'explique le mystère de la "matière noire". La machine peut aider l'homme, elle ne le remplacera pas. (shrink)

Traditionally epistemologists have taken doxastic states to come in three varieties—belief, disbelief, and suspension. Recently many epistemologists have taken our doxastic condition to be usefully represented by credences—quantified degrees of belief. Moreover, some have thought that this new credal picture is sufficient to account for everything we want to explain with the old traditional picture. Therefore, belief, disbelief, and suspension must map onto the new picture somehow. In this paper I challenge that possibility. Approaching the question from the angle of (...) suspension, I argue that all possible credal accounts face serious challenges. They either (i) falsify central claims that uphold the credal picture itself or (ii) do not permit suspension in cases where it is permissible or (iii) rule out the possibility of plainly possible confidence comparisons. (shrink)

Body and World is the definitive edition of a book that shouldnow take its place as a major contribution to contemporary existentialphenomenology. Samuel Todes goes beyond Martin Heidegger and MauriceMerleau-Ponty in his description of how independent physical natureand experience are united in our bodily action. His account allows himto preserve the authority of experience while avoiding the tendencytoward idealism that threatens both Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty.Todes emphasizes the complex structure of the human body ;front/back asymmetry, the need to balance in a (...) gravitational field, and so forth ;and the role that structure plays in producing the spatiotemporal field of experience and in making possible objective knowledge of the objects in it. He shows that perception involves nonconceptual, but nonetheless objective forms of judgment. One can think of Body and World as fleshing out Merleau-Ponty's project while presciently relating it to the current interest in embodiment, not only in philosophy but also in psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and anthropology. Todes's work opens new ways of thinking about problems such as the relation of perception to thought and the possibility of knowing an independent reality ;problems that have occupied philosophers since Kant and still concern analytic and continental philosophy. (shrink)

The unity thesis says that epistemic norms and zetetic norms (norms of inquiry) comprise a unified normative domain. We argue against the unity thesis by presenting cases where zetetic norms issue requirements to adopt doxastic attitudes (essential to the inquiry) which are forbidden by nearly platitudinous epistemic norms. We canvas a range of responses unity theorists might offer to resist our conclusion and argue that they either do not dissolve the conflict between the epistemic and zetetic norms or introduce unmotivated (...) restrictions on the space of permissible inquiries. (shrink)

A ubiquitous feature of active sleep in mammals and birds is its relative abundance in early development. In rat pups across the first two postnatal weeks, active sleep promotes the expression of synchronized oscillatory activity within and between cortical and subcortical sensorimotor structures. Sensory feedback from self-generated myoclonic twitches – which are produced exclusively during active sleep – also triggers neural oscillations in those structures. We have proposed that one of the functions of active sleep in early infancy is to (...) provide a context for synchronizing developing structures. Specifically, neural oscillations contribute to a variety of neurodevelopmental processes, including synapse formation, neuronal differentiation and migration, apoptosis, and the refinement of topographic maps. In addition, synchronized oscillations promote functional connectivity between distant brain areas. Consequently, any condition or manipulation that restricts active sleep can, in turn, deprive the infant animal of substantial sensory experience, resulting in atypical developmental trajectories. The synchronization of rhythmic neural activity across brain structures provides evidence of communication. In developing sensorimotor networks, such oscillations are triggered most clearly and prominently during REM sleep. We propose that REM sleep provides a context for the emergence and expression of functional connectivity in the developing sensorimotor system. (shrink)

1964 fue un año resolutivo en el arranque del proceso aplicativo de la reforma litúrgica. Aunque estos inicios han sido ampliamente estudiados por liturgistas e historiadores del concilio, el acceso a nuevas fuentes documentales pone a disposición de los investigadores un material que sirve para completar, complementar, enriquecer y abrir nuevas pistas a los trabajos realizados hasta la fecha. Es el caso del archivo personal de Jorge Medina, en el que se encuentran catalogados diversos documentos, los que contienen material relativo, (...) tanto al complejo trayecto de la actuación de la reforma litúrgica como a la primera recepción y aplicación de la constitución Sacrosanctum concilium en Chile. A la luz de esta documentación inédita, este trabajo, que tiene como telón de fondo la publicación del motu proprio Sacram Liturgiam, estudia las propuestas que, en materia litúrgica, el episcopado chileno elevó a la santa sede para poner en marcha la reforma en el país. (shrink)

Nous défendons l’application d’une préférence pure pour le présent positive au niveau social spécifique, consistant à accorder une priorité relative à la réalisation de la justice sociale au sein des générations. Cela permet selon nous de mieux concilier des exigences de justice sociale entre les générations et au sein de celles-ci. Une telle priorité est possible et souhaitable pour les vivants comme pour les individus futurs dès lors qu’elle est appliquée au sein d’un système de coopération intergénérationelle dont nous précisons (...) les modalités. (shrink)

This essay undertakes a joint exploration of Gilbert Simondon’s philosophy of individuation and Bill Viola’s video art to propose an ontogenetic model of ecology and a corresponding politic...

Durante buena parte del S. XX el desarrollo se entendió como crecimiento económico, comercio, instituciones modernas, etc. La idea era que los países subdesarrollados debían seguir el sendero de la modernidad marcado por los países desarrollados. Frente a esta mirada economicista del desarrollo (y también colonialista), han surgido varias propuestas que hablan de un Desarrollo Humano Integral. La Iglesia Católica, a través de su Doctrina Social, ha insistido profusamente, por casi 60 años, en este tema. El desarrollo no puede ser (...) meramente económico, sino que debe mirar la totalidad del ser humano. En relación con esto, las espiritualidades pueden ser un aporte a un Desarrollo Humano Integral que tenga en cuenta la liberación de la opresión, el bien común y la búsqueda de trascendencia. (shrink)

Sociologia, Filosofia, Letras, Espanhol, Arte, Tecnologia da Informação, Educação Física e Agronomia são áreas que se encontram contempladas neste livro. Percebemos, portanto, que não se trata de assuntos que orbitam um único eixo. Pelo contrário, o que o professor Teodório conseguiu reunir aqui foi uma grande e variada produção de áreas que, num primeiro e raso olhar, parecem desconexas, embora a intenção não tenha sido uma conexão entre elas. Reside aí a grandeza da obra, a diversidade. Por essa particularidade, já (...) merece o nosso apreço e, mais ainda, pela ousadia de organizar um livro que, longe de ser só uma coletânea de artigos, é a expressão máxima daquilo que é característica dos institutos federais, a produção e difusão da ciência e da tecnologia. Ainda mais num campus longe dos centros urbanos. Foi com tal visão que o professor Teodório reuniu essa grande e valiosa contribuição para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa no extremo sul do Piauí. Assim, fica aqui a nossa admiração por esse profissional que engrandece o campus Corrente, o Instituto Federal e o estado do Piauí. (shrink)

A selection of 15 papers on choice modeling are presented in this volume.

Amit defines cell assemblies aslocal cortical neuron populationswith strong internal connections. However, Hebb himself proposed that cell assemblies are distributed over different cortical areas (nonlocal ortranscortical assemblies). We review evidence from cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology supporting the assumption that cell assemblies are transcortical.

Se ha acusado a los jesuitas, muchas veces, de ser una orden híbrida: son religiosos y también seculares, se preocupan del Evangelio y también de la economía, política, ciencias, etc. ¿De dónde proviene esta particular forma de ser? Pensamos que la clave para responder a esta pregunta está en la preocupación de los jesuitas por la idea del bien común que ya se puede encontrar en sus documentos fundacionales.