Las personas portadoras o enfermas del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana han experimentado consecuencias devastadoras en el plano personal, familiar y social desde la aparición de los primeros casos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos, así como la repercusión derivada de las implicaciones éticas del actuar profesional con estos pacientes, lo cual demuestra la necesidad de vencer los tabúes y la discriminación que han sido objeto desde los inicios de la epidemia. Persons who are (...) carrier of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or persons who are sick have experienced destructive consequences in the personal, familiar and social spheres since the appearance of the first cases. The objective of this work is to analyze the fulfilment of the bioethical principles, as well as the repercussion derived from the ethics dilemma of the professional behaviour with these patients, what demonstrate the necessity of overcoming taboos and the discrimination they have suffered from since the beginnings of the disease. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente los conceptos de “opinión” (δόξα) e “idea” (ἰδέα) a la luz de la República de Platón y la influencia de estos en la educación básica media y media vocacional. Se parte de un trabajo mancomunado entre la enseñanza de la Filosofía y el filosofar. Un primer apartado alude al concepto de opinión como camino inicial que exhorta al estudiante a un estudio crítico-reflexivo de los problemas propios del Estado (Polis). El segundo hace (...) énfasis en el concepto de idea como vía para el análisis y la comprensión de las dificultades que acontecen en el Estado (Polis). El último apartado expone la importancia de la enseñanza de la Filosofía y del filosofar en el quehacer educativo. Para ello, se recurre a la interpretación de algunos diálogos de Platón y a textos de investigación relevantes en el campo de la enseñanza de la Filosofía y la pedagogía. (shrink)

Este artículo examina la teoría del lenguaje de Nietzsche, la cual tiene una conexión esencial con postulados epistemológicos, estéticos y sociales de su pensamiento. Se argumenta que el lenguaje es el resultado de construcciones perspectivísticas y relativas de los seres humanos. Por esta razón, no se puede hablar de verdades absolutas o válidas universalmente dentro del lenguaje, sino únicamente de formas convencionales e interpretaciones: relatos de la realidad, mas no hechos objetivos. Se muestra que esta tesis de Nietzsche toma elementos (...) importantes de la filosofía de Friedrich Albert Lange, reconocido filósofo de la ciencia del siglo XIX y fundador del neokantismo en Alemania. En particular, Nietzsche toma los conceptos de Organisation y Dichtung de Lange para algunos desarrollos centrales de su propia teoría del lenguaje en la etapa juvenil de su pensamiento. (shrink)

This paper provides some reflections that lay down the guiding thread between the “care of self” and the “frank speech.” Michel Foucault sees in the “care of self” and in the “frank speech” the condition of possibility to set down another way in which a subject can be and, consequently, a different way to evolve. As a consequence, the stylization of existence, that is, the work that the subject performs upon itself, ought to be complemented and augmented by means of (...) the true speech, conditio sine qua non it is impossible to resist or oppose the political technologies that produce the ways of existence. Indeed, the purpose of the political technologies is the self-regulation of the subjects, influencing their desires, hopes, decisions, needs and life-styles by means of formerly determined governmental purposes. (shrink)

Este artículo rastrea el concepto de “felicidad” en la obra Anti-Séneca o Discurso sobre la felicidad de Julien Offray de La Mettrie (2010). Antes de explorar el término “felicidad”, es indispensable responder la pregunta: ¿qué entiende La Mettrie por “ser humano”? Para ello, en la primera sección se analiza la idea de “cuerpo humano”, entendido como máquina orgánica. En la segunda sección discutimos los daños físicos o enfermedades que pueden afectar la máquina o cuerpo humano. En la tercera parte exploramos (...) la concepción de “felicidad” entendida como placer carnal, voluptuosidad y felicidad orgánica o arterial. En la cuarta sección examinamos los diferentes caminos para alcanzar la vida feliz. Concluimos que la felicidad, para La Mettrie, es el resultado de la organización o composición del cuerpo humano; por lo tanto, el individuo, al actuar según su naturaleza, debe quedar exento de recriminación o juicios éticos. (shrink)

El presente texto tiene por objetivo cuestionar el modo habitual en el que se enseña la ética, y apoyar el uso de las narraciones como una herramienta pedagógica importante en la formación moral. Dado que la ética busca menos la adquisición de unos conocimientos y más una disposición a la acción, bien pudiera servirse de formatos narrativos para desarrollar la sensibilidad debida para la construcción de ciudadanos reflexivos, críticos y empáticos. Al fin y al cabo, la naturaleza antropológica de los (...) seres humanos es ya de hecho narrativa, y toda forma de vida buena reclama, en últimas, la posibilidad de ser contada. La práctica de relatar se constituye como una defensa por la búsqueda y construcción de sentido, en medio de una sociedad en donde la celeridad y la información fragmentada parecieran marcar la única posibilidad de constitución del sí mismo. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende analizar el método que utiliza Norberto Bobbio para investigar sus objetos de estudio centrales, a saber: el derecho y la política. Se argumenta que el método de investigación propuesto por Bobbio es el de la reconstrucción. Además, se propone que para su despliegue su acude a la delimitación conceptual y la reconstrucción histórica. Un hallazgo importante del artículo muestra que es la perspectiva de la filosofía como concepción del mundo, elaborada por Bobbio, entre los años 40 (...) y 50 del siglo pasado permite la concreción del metido y las herramientas para entender la política y el derecho. Para la filosofía, en tanto concepción del mundo, Bobbio tomará elementos importantes de la tradición de la filosofía analítica, por una parte; por otra parte, de las enseñanzas de algunos filósofos, que, a través de los siglos, se han consolidado como clásicos. La reconstrucción como método de investigación mostrará que los objetos de estudio tales como el derecho y la política se comprenden partiendo de un cuidadoso y riguroso análisis de los conceptos fundamentales que los componen y del examen de las teorías esenciales de los filósofos clásicos del pensamiento occidental en el terreno político y jurídico. Para tratar estos asuntos, el presente artículo se dividirá en las siguientes partes: en un primer momento, se analiza la concepción de filosofía de Bobbio. En segundo lugar, se examina la idea de que la filosofía como método de investigación se debe entender como una dinámica de reconstrucción. Por último, el artículo propone que el desarrollo de la filosofía como método se efectúa a través de la delimitación y el análisis conceptual y a través de la reconstrucción histórica de los clásicos del pensamiento occidental. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los conceptos de sujeto, subjetivación y ontología histórica de nosotros mismos. Estas categorías son esenciales en las pesquisas de Foucault de los años 80-84. De igual manera, desde estos conceptos, Foucault pudo pensar al sujeto de forma alterna al modo como este fue configurado en Occidente. En efecto, en sus intensas búsquedas encuentra en la tradición moderna, Baudelaire y Kant, pistas para considerar al sujeto no como un dato estático, sino como (...) alguien que se gestiona a través de procesos históricos que lo van delineando y que lo habilitan en la empresa de construirse, de elaborarse a sí mismo, esto es, mediante procesos de subjetivación. Finalmente, la tradición antigua, es decir, la tradición greco-latina, le ofrece elementos teóricos sustanciales para reflexionar sobre las condiciones en las que se pueden configurar modos de vida, estilos de existencia que operen como ejes de resistencia a las formas que se nos han impuesto. (shrink)

Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits have been shown to benefit from serious games.Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients (...) with gambling disorder. Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported.Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited. Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate and heart rate variability data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia.Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups. Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men. (shrink)

Fernando Gordillo (a), Lilia Mestas (b), Miguel Ángel Pérez (a), José Héctor Lozano (a), Rafael Manuel López (a), José M. … Read More →.

We study the emergence of all references to modern mathematics in Difference and Repetition, and we explain how, using these mathematical approaches, Deleuze constructs an “ideal synthesis of difference” which goes well beyond the usual reductionist perspectives of his commentators.

El sistema neuronal, máquinas triviales y no triviales - La empresa como tejido conversacional - Conversaciones que transforman el mundo - Conversaciones responsables - Tejiendo la red - Conversaciones que completan la conversación - Reabriendo conversaciones.

Através de estudo realizado junto a 111 esposas/companheiras de policiais militares da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, procurou-se avaliar o impacto do trabalho policial sobre a família. A partir da definição de duas formas de impacto, direto (relativo à incidência de fatores circunstanciais do trabalho p..

The article deals with the chances of illustration of Mohammed: is it forbidden to depict Mohammed in the Islam? What the history or the religion say about it? The following sentences try to get a brief but deep approaching to that issue, underlying the importance that just a few time ago when several problems related to misunderstanding and hatred set the Muslim world in front of the Western people as violent in a behavior that no one could share. Through the (...) article we will see the lack of respect there was in some images that were published provoking all kind of reactions in the world. (shrink)

The sociological work of Elias is studied, together with his characteristic outcast position, typical of judaism at the end of the century. From such judaic root stems the metapolitical approach observed in the process of civilization from the platform of a Human Genre already assume as formed and defined by the civilized conscience. The idea of a metapolitical (extraterritorial) platform is determined, and its possible historical and political efficiency. Finally, the work focuses on the limits of the civilization process, contrasting (...) N. Elias and G. Bueno conceptions on the issue. Hence a third alternative which observs such limit of history and its superation in the “antropological field” – through the a structural, technoscientific and objective development of society – springs as a source from where the “ultramoderne spirit” described at the end of the issue finds its origins. (shrink)

La presente obra reúne los temas imprescindibles de un curso de filosofía política, dirigido tanto a estudiantes como a lectores interesados en la historia, los fundamentos y las implicaciones actuales de esta disciplina. La primera parte trata de la tradición liberal, los socialismos, las dimensiones del nacionalismo, el feminismo como proyecto filosófico-político y la institución de la democracia. La segunda parte aborda en profundidad un amplio abanico de cuestiones, desde la globalización o los problemas de legitimación del poder, pasando por (...) las relaciones entre Estado y nación, los derechos humanos como legado de la Modernidad o la actualidad y perspectivas de la ciudadanía, hasta la multiculturalidad y la inmigración, los movimientos sociales, la ecología o la justicia social. (shrink)

Many natural connections between Peirce and Whitehead have been appearing since Peirce’s manuscripts began to be published in Harvard’s Collected Papers edition. The resemblances are profound, based on speculative philosophies founded on interactions between science and philosophy, in turn erected over a wide understanding of mathematical thought. Some doctoral dissertations have explored the field, but a full monograph was still needed in order to clarify the panorama. Maria Regina Brioschi’s Creativity Between Experience and Cosmos. C.S. Peirce and A.N. Whitehead on (...) Novelty provides the sound, exact, and extremely... (shrink)

En este artículo se muestra una comparación de las lógicas diagramáticas lulianas y peirceanas. En la Sección 1, se introduce una problemática general del tránsito y de sus resoluciones triádicas y espaciales, aprovechando perspectivas de las obras de Aby Warburg y Walter Benjamin. La Sección 2 es una síntesis de los engranajes fundamentales del sistema diagramático de Llull. En la Sección 3, se resumen las características geométrico-topológicas esenciales de los gráficos existenciales de Peirce. Y finalmente, en la Sección 4, se (...) efectúa un rastreo de las apariciones de Llull en los textos de Peirce, y proponemos un reencuentro entre los dos pensadores. (shrink)

We introduce the work of Mariano Picón Salas, who tries to enlarge the Hispanoamerican tradition —historically focused on the web of transits/obstructions between Europe and Latin America— via a larger triangulation that includes the presence of the culture of the United States. His essays from the period 1930-1950 show how pragmatism —understood in Peircean terms as a web of topological transfers of knowledge between the borders of culture— can help to provide a vision that encompasses America as a whole.

As has happened in Latin America, and more generally in the Hispanic World, pragmatism came to our countries mainly through William James and John Dewey (particularly, through his influence in education). Studies in Spanish on Peirce were scarce and superficial until the end of the 20th century. The situation in Colombia follows that pattern. The first valuable Colombian study on Peirce came from Mariluz Restrepo (1993), a fine introduction to Peirce’s semeiotics through the unfolding of the...

The article presents two gestures corresponding to two profound new understandings of Peirce's Continuum and Peirce's Existential Graphs. Vargas and Oostra have revolutionized Peirce's mathematical studies, thanks to a first complete model for Peirce's continuum provided by Vargas, and thanks to the emergence of intuitionistic existential graphs provided by Oostra. The article aims at showing how these careful mathematical constructions can be encrypted in very simple gestures.

La oposición a Hegel mediante la cual con frecuencia la tradición presenta la filosofía schopenhaueriana se ha interpretado en ocasiones como una relación de dependencia, en la medida en que aquella habría surgido como una cierta reacción frente a la de Hegel. El artículo muestra que los documentos disponibles acerca de los comienzos de la relación de Schopenhauer con Hegel hacen insostenible tal supuesto, además de ofrecer un marco y diversas claves para comprender su posterior polémica con el hegelianismo.

This book explores the notion of endangerment which stands at the heart of a network of concepts, values and practices dealing with objects considered threatened by extinction, and with the procedures aimed at preserving them. It looks at some of the fundamental ways in which this process involves science, but also more than science: not only data and knowledge and institutions, but also affects and values. With a focus on endangerment sensibility, it encapsulates tensions between the normative and the utilitarian, (...) the natural and the cultural. (shrink)

Traditionally, liberals have confined religion to the sphere of the ‘private’ or ‘non-political’. However, recent debates over the place of religious symbols in public spaces, state financing of faith schools, and tax relief for religious organisations suggest that this distinction is not particularly useful in easing the tension between liberal commitments to equality on the one hand, and freedom of religion on the other. This article deals with one aspect of this debate, which concerns whether members of religious communities should (...) receive exemptions from regulations that place a distinctively heavy burden on them. Drawing on Habermas’ understanding of churches as ‘communities of interpretation’, we explore possible alternatives to both the ‘rule-and-exemption’ approach and the ‘neutralist’ approach. Our proposal rests on the idea of mutual learning between secular and religious perspectives. On this interpretation, what is required is (i) the generation and maintenance of public spaces in which there could be discussion and dialogue about particular cases, and (ii) evaluation of whether the basic conditions of moral discourse are present in these spaces. Thus deliberation becomes a touchstone for the building of a shared democratic ethos. (shrink)

In this work we define, in a general way, an algebraic semantics for the logics of the hierarchy InPk. This semantics is defined by means of an alternative construction, with respect to the usual algebraic semantics, and it is known in the literature as Twist-structures semantics. Besides that, we modify such construction, defining the so-called ω-Twist-structures here. This adaptation allows us to prove adequacy theorems for every logic of the hierarchy InPk.

Este artículo trata de la estancia en Italia del traductor del árabe Diego de Urrea, que pasó los últimos años de su vida en Nápoles. Su relación con círculos eruditos italianos, como el del príncipe Federico Cesi y su Accademia dei Lin-cei, a la que perteneció Galileo, pone de relieve algunos de los rasgos característicos del "orientalismo" italiano de la época, y sus relaciones y diferencias con lo que ocurría en España a comienzos de a. XVII, cuando el asunto de (...) los Plomos del Sacromonte ejerció un papel fundamental en la definición de la lengua y la historia árabes dentro de la historia de España. (shrink)

Reductionists about testimony think that testimony is never a basic source of justification. By contrast, anti-reductionists claim that, at least in some paradigmatic cases, testimony is a basic and independent source of justification. In support of their position, anti-reductionists usually claim that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are non-inferential in that recipients of testimony usually don’t reason their way from the fact that they were told that p to the belief that p—they simply come to believe that p. In this paper I (...) explore in detail the idea that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are non-inferentially justified and conclude that it is grounded on an overly simplistic characterization of inferential relations. Then, and taking my cue from Malmgren’s (2018) rich proposal about the varieties of inferential relations, I defend the view that paradigmatic testimony-based beliefs are inferentially justified after all. (shrink)

La permanencia y la graduación de la educación básica oficial impartida en Colombia es un tema de política pública educativa que abarca el ejercicio del derecho y las externalidades generadas por la formación de capital humano altamente calificado en una sociedad de bajos ingresos. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la elasticidad de la oferta de educación básica oficial mediante una revisión sistemática de términos relacionados con elasticidad oferta-demanda, bajo la premisa de que es un servicio gratuito; el (...) resultado determinó que la oferta es sensible al presupuesto, así como al número de docentes que atienden el servicio educativo, pero no evidencia relación con mejora en la calidad educativa. (shrink)

This paper deals in detail with a fairly recent philosophical debate centered around the ability of the theory of natural selection to account for those phenotypical changes which can be argued to make organisms better adapted to their environments. The philosopher and cognitive scientist Jerry Fodor started the debate by claiming that natural selection cannot do the job. He follows two main lines of argumentation. One is based on an alleged conceptual defect in the theory, the other on alleged empirical (...) problems in it as well as empirical alternatives to it. Four philosophers and two biologists respond in a way that displays what might easily be described as fallacious. The paper relies on the ideal model of critical discussion of pragma-dialectics to offer a step-by-step analysis of the whole debate, which extended for four issues of the _London Review of Books_, from October 2007 through January 2008. This pragma-dialectical analysis is carried out by constant reference to the various questions (problems, issues) that arise in the debate. The analysis includes as much detail as possible both in Fodor’s original argument and in the critics’ various comments as well as Fodor’s replies along two rounds of debate. Since a simple negative evaluation in terms of fallacies is out of the question in view of the proved argumentative accomplishments of the participants, an alternative explanation is offered: the undeniable derailments in strategic maneuvering are due to the fact that, whilst ostensibly discussing the theory of natural selection, Fodor’s detractors are worried by an underlying issue, namely, the dangers of discussing the merits and demerits of natural selection as a theory of evolution in a venue as exposed to the general public as the _London Review of Books_, given the religiously inspired movements that threaten the teaching of evolutionary biology in schools. (shrink)

Resenha de: Fernandes, Simone. Subjetividade e dominação. A filosofia de Nietzsche na teoria crítica de Horkheimer nos anos 1930 e 1940. Santo André: EdUFABC, 2022.

Frank Wilderson: I introduce a semiotic configuration. The point is, at important levels of abstraction, people who are positioned as Black—which is very different from saying people who think of themselves as Black. One of the basic premises of Afropessimism, which makes it resonate with psychoanalysis or Marxism, is that where one is positioned in a paradigm might not be where one thinks one is or where one desires to be. When I teach undergraduates, I say: “Look, I used to (...) study neorealism. In these neorealist films, we have these people who are bona fide fascists, and then you have those people in the Communist Party, so they could not agree on much. They don’t see themselves as having much of a connection. But in a Gramscian sense, they are both positioned as the host of capitalist parasites. Both groups rely on the wage. So, they are both workers.” One of the big points with respect to the narratological question is that I, as a Black person, trained at Columbia University in creative writing, trained at UC Berkeley in critical theory, love narrative, but narrative does not love me. In other words, it is impossible for me to be “emplotted” as a speaking subject. I can only be “emplotted” as an object of narrative. But I am always struggling to attain that love of humanity; and if I were to attain it, the Human would not have a foil against which to know itself. So, what I am saying is that in a book like Red, White & Black, I am just being very categorically clear about the divisions. In Afropessimism, I am actually talking about the desire of a sentient being who cannot be allowed into an arena where people are recognized and incorporated, in Lacanian terms, as “contemporaries” of human beings. So, there is all this back and forth. I don’t think this speaking subject in Afropessimism ever achieves anything in particular. It is always struggling toward being a subject that can actually travel on a narrative arc and yet ultimately is an object that can never travel from dispossession to redemptive recovery. (shrink)

This article explores the transformative power of art circulation by analysing surprising narratives of abducted fountains across the early modern Mediterranean area under the political influence of the Spanish Empire. The object of this study will be the stories of Italian fountains stolen by Spanish viceroys or rescued during naval skirmishes between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire. These narratives reveal a widespread desire for fountains throughout the Mediterranean, which generated a sequence of geographical relocations and cultural translations. My (...) aim is to conceptualise the desire for Italian fountains as an engine for continental circulation, taking into consideration several cases of stolen, abducted, or captive works of sculpture whose stories navigate the dubious boundaries of historical truth and resemble more popular episodes of thefts of relics or the kidnapping and trafficking of enslaved people. Sometimes demonstrable facts, sometimes charming legends linked to the suggestive power of water, these episodes disclose the life of monumental art in motion and subvert the widespread reading of fountains as site-specific objects. (shrink)

Our objective will be to argue in favor of the idea that in Nietzsche there is no genealogical method, stricto sensu, with universalist and systemic-substantivist epistemic claims (traditionally conceived by justificationist and foundationalist philosophies from Plato to Hegel). However, there is a characteristic genealogical program, which opposes the majority genealogies and philosophies insofar as a self-suppression of the method is imposed as the primary and heterodox register of its reflection. We start from the hypothesis that Nietzsche’s genealogy, understood programmatically, became (...) viable because it was markedly structured on the basis of three reflexive movements that free his genealogical thinking from an analytical-methodological conduct, like the canon, which are: (i) variation of style in his writing; (ii) critical historicism or radical and (iii) discontinuity of origin. However, it would be pointless to show how clearly the Nietzschean genealogical program was outlined if we couldn’t say where it came from, for whom and for what purpose, or even more so, what it is intended to denounce. Therefore, in our conclusion, we will show, with some reservation, how the Nietzschean genealogical program lends itself to evaluating the dimension of power. (shrink)