ObjectiveThe presence of two or more chronic diseases results in worse clinical outcomes than expected by a simple combination of diseases. This synergistic effect is expected to be higher when combined with some conditions, depending on the number and severity of diseases. Multimorbidity is a relatively new term, with the first fundamental definitions appearing in 2015. Studies usually define it as the presence of at least two chronic medical illnesses. However, little is known regarding the relationship between mental disorders and (...) other non-psychiatric chronic diseases. This review aims at investigating the association between some mental disorders and non-psychiatric diseases, and their pattern of association.MethodsWe performed a systematic approach to selecting papers that studied relationships between chronic conditions that included one mental disorder from 2015 to 2021. These were processed using Covidence, including quality assessment.ResultsThis resulted in the inclusion of 26 papers in this study. It was found that there are strong associations between depression, psychosis, and multimorbidity, but recent studies that evaluated patterns of association of diseases had heterogeneous results. Quality assessment of the papers generally revealed low quality among the included studies.ConclusionsThere is evidence of an association between depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis with multimorbidity. Studies that tried to examine the patterns of association between diseases did not find stable results.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021216101, identifier: CRD42021216101. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic produced immeasurable impacts on the economy, education, and socialization, besides the loss of millions of lives. Thus, there has been an accelerated development of an unprecedented number of COVID-19 vaccine candidates to control the pandemic. The World Health Organization’s emergency use authorization of COVID-19 vaccines still in clinical trial allowed immunizing the population. This paper presents a perspective of the bioethical precepts of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice in the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, it emphasizes (...) the importance of surveillance at all stages of vaccine development to detect adverse effects and ensure compliance with bioethical precepts. (shrink)

O presente artigo incide sobre o conceito de expressão no âmbito do pensamento leibniziano, pretendendo, a partir da sua análise, expor a crítica que Fernando Gil lhe tece, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à ideia de “causalidade expressiva”. Passando por vários conceitos leibnizianos como “substância simples”, “força”, “apetição” ou “entre-expressão”, o que se pretende analisar é a reflexão de Fernando Gil relativamente àquilo que o autor considera “a aporia da expressão leibniziana”, e, ainda, a sua reabilitação da inteligibilidade (...) expressiva como pensamento do contínuo, onde inteligibilidade, beleza e simplicidade se implicam mutuamente. (shrink)

O presente Relato é resultado dos estudos na disciplina Antropologia Visual, ministrada pelo professor Dr. Flavio Leonel no Programa de mestrado em Linguagens e Saberes na Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança. Diante da fundamentação teórica apreciada durante a disciplina pensamos discutir o conceito de memória apresentado por Paul Ricoeur, em que o autor baseia-se em duas perguntas: de que há lembrança? De quem é a memória? Podemos atribuir a esses questionamentos a passagem de paradigma: do fato (...) que é lembrado, ao sujeito que lembra tal fato. Dessa forma, a memória dos Ka’apor pode remeter a imagens do passado e reconstituir o presente das novas aldeias criadas dentro do seu Território. Assim, o relato faz um recorte teórico de conceitos chaves do que foi o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, cujo tema é A SIGNIFICAÇÃO DO LUGAR E AS NOVAS TERRITORIALIDADES DOS KA’APOR NAS ALDEIAS IPU’Y RENDA E TURIZINHO. Além disso, proponho apresentar as reflexões dos pesquisadores Ana Luiza Carvalho, Fernando Tacca, Carlo Severi e Jacques Aumont no bojo do conceito de imagem relacionando com as fotografias adquiridas durante experiência como professora do projeto de escolarização ka’apor, nos anos 2012 e 2013, denominado Ka’a namõ jumu’e ha katu – Aprendendo com a Floresta. (shrink)

The Literature of Personalists of early Buddhism. Bhikshu Thích Thien Châu. Vietnam Buddhist Research Institute, Ho Chí Minh City 1996. xii, 241 pp. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1999. xiv, 242 pp. Rs 295. ISBN 81-208-1622-6.

Social identity poses one of the most important challenges to rational choice theory, but rational choice theorists do not hold a common position regarding identity. On one hand, externalist rational choice ignores the concept of identity or reduces it to revealed preferences. On the other hand, internalist rational choice considers identity as a key concept in explaining social action because it permits expressive motivations to be included in the models. However, internalist theorists tend to reduce identity to desire—the desire of (...) a person to express his or her social being. From an internalist point of view, that is, from a viewpoint in which not only desires but also beliefs play a key role in social explanations as mental entities, this article rejects externalist reductionism and proposes a redefinition of social identity as a net of beliefs about oneself, beliefs that are indexical, robust, and socially shaped. (shrink)

En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la confianza como un proceso de elección racional, poniéndese en cuestión la capacidad de la teoría de la elección racional estándar para dar cuenta del fenómeno. Por eso se prefiere abordar la confianza desde la perspectiva de la racionalidad limitada.

En el contexto social y económico del Imperio romano romano, y en particular de Palestina, Jesús, según los Evangelios, hace una crítica lúcida y penetrante del dinero y la riqueza, amonesta sobre los peligros y las consecuencias de de dejarse seducir por ellos, y aconseja a sus seguidores que adopten un que la única fuente de riqueza sea Dios. El comportamiento humano en este sentido debe regirse por la austeridad y el compartir, el cuidado de los demás y la generosidad. (...) Este modo de vida es la garantía de una convivencia social justa y fraternal, y favorecerá la creación de una nueva sociedad. (shrink)

En el relato de Marcos de la curación del paralítico (Mc 2,1-12), se inserta una disputa o controversia entre algunos escribas y Jesús sobre la autoridad de éste para perdonar pecados (Mc 2,6-10a). El objeto de este artículo es analizar esa disputa y determinar las posibles razones de su inserción en este relato de Marcos.

El pasaje marcano de la estancia de Jesús en el desierto (Mc 1,12-13), suele interpretarse de un modo simbólico como el escenario de la nueva creación. Sin embargo, en este artículo se interpreta de otro modo: como el escenario que describe las condiciones en las que Jesús, impulsado por el Espíritu, va a desempeñar su misión.

It is well known that Frege's system in the Grundgesetze der Arithmetik is formally inconsistent. Frege's instantiation rule for the second-order universal quantifier makes his system, except for minor differences, full (i.e., with unrestricted comprehension) second-order logic, augmented by an abstraction operator that abides to Frege's basic law V. A few years ago, Richard Heck proved the consistency of the fragment of Frege's theory obtained by restricting the comprehension schema to predicative formulae. He further conjectured that the more encompassing Δ₁¹-comprehension (...) schema would already be inconsistent. In the present paper, we show that this is not the case. (shrink)

In "'Yes" and "No'" (2000), Ian Rumfitt proposed bilateralism--a use-based account of the logical words, according to which the sense of a sentence is determined by the conditions under which it is asserted and denied. One of Rumfitt's key claims is that bilateralism can provide a justification of classical logic. This paper raises a techical problem for Rumfitt's proposal, one that seems to undermine the bilateralist programme.

Science in film, and usual equivalents such asscience on filmorscience on screen, refer to the cinematographic representation, staging, and enactment of actors, information, and processes involved in any aspect or dimension of science and its history. Of course, boundaries are blurry, and films shot as research tools or documentation also display science on screen. Nonetheless, they generally count asscientific film, andscience inandon filmorscreentend to designate productions whose purpose is entertainment and education. Moreover, these two purposes are often combined, and inherently (...) concern empirical, methodological, and conceptual challenges associated withpopularization,science communication, and thepublic understanding of science. It is in these areas that the notion of thedeficit modelemerged to designate a point of view and a mode of understanding, as well as a set of practical and theoretical problems about the relationship between science and the public. (shrink)

This book explores the notion of endangerment which stands at the heart of a network of concepts, values and practices dealing with objects considered threatened by extinction, and with the procedures aimed at preserving them. It looks at some of the fundamental ways in which this process involves science, but also more than science: not only data and knowledge and institutions, but also affects and values. With a focus on endangerment sensibility, it encapsulates tensions between the normative and the utilitarian, (...) the natural and the cultural. (shrink)

Contra el "sentido ordinario" de que la justicia implica, entre otras cosas, dar a cada quien lo que se merece, en su teoría de la justicia como equidad John Rawls adopta una perspectiva normativa radicalmente anti-meritocrática al considerar que nadie merece su lugar inicial en la sociedad y, por lo tanto, los factores contingentes no pueden tener incidencia distributiva. Desde el comunitarismo, se argumenta que la concepción rawlsiana del sujeto –despojado de casi toda particularidad– impide abordar la cuestión del mérito (...) en tanto bien social propio de la esfera del reconocimiento. El libertarismo de derecha nozickeano, en tanto, recusa las pretensiones rawlsianas ya que desconoce la validez de la regla contractual que impide sacar provecho total de los atributos moralmente arbitrarios. Desde el igualitarismo relacional, Thomas Scanlon procura una rehabilitación limitada del mérito, en la medida en que sea o bien institucionalmente dependiente o merecimiento puro. Así, en lo que sigue, examinaremos la propuesta rawlsiana y la de sus críticos, para mostrar que, en definitiva, la anti-meritocracia de Rawls sale airosa de los embates más radicales y, en cierta medida, puede alojar la posición de Scanlon pero al precio de volverse menos exigente. ARK: ark:/s18537960/thqx/xirg. (shrink)

We present a category-theoretical analysis, based on the concept of generic figures, of a diagrammatic system for propositional logic (Peirce’s Existential Graphs α\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha $$\end{document}). The straightforward construction of a presheaf category EGα∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {E}}}{{\mathcal {G}}}_{\alpha ^{*}}$$\end{document} of cuts-only Existential Graphs (equivalent to the well-studied category of finite forests) provides a basis for the further construction of the category EGα\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} (...) \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {E}}}{{\mathcal {G}}}_\alpha $$\end{document} which introduces variables in a reconstructedly generic, or label-free, mode. Morphisms in these categories represent syntactical embeddings or, equivalently but dually, extensions. Through the example of Peirce’s system, it is shown how the generic figures approach facilitates the formal investigation of relations between syntax and semantics in such diagrammatic systems. (shrink)

A partir de las nuevas condiciones que la revolución copernicana del conocimiento le impone a la posible validez objetiva de ciertos conceptos que no dicen relación con la experiencia, el autor de este artículo se aboca al esfuerzo de mostrar el significado del concepto de dignidad en el contexto moderno del discurso sobre los derechos humanos. El punto de apoyo original de la reflexión que aquí se lleva a cabo lo constituye la conocida distinción kantiana entre dignidad y precio. Desde (...) allí se desarrolla una argumentación que gira en torno al concepto de vida como aquello que ocurre entre los hombres, al ejercicio propiamente racional de justificar y a la idea de comunidad como la única capaz de asumir y contener la pluralidad de los seres humanos. (shrink)

We perform an experimental investigation using a dictator game in which individuals must make a moral decision —to give or not to give an amount of money to poor people in the Third World. A questionnaire in which the subjects are asked about the reasons for their decision shows that, at least in this case, moral motivations carry a heavy weight in the decision: the majority of dictators give the money for reasons of a consequentialist nature. Based on the results (...) presented here and of other analogous experiments, we conclude that dicator behavior can be understood in terms of moral distance rather than social distance and that it systematically deviates from the egoism assumption in economic models and game theory. (shrink)

Este artículo desarrolla algunos elementos hermenéutico-dialógicos de la pedagogía hermenéutica aplicada a la “formación universitaria” para una educación eco-relacional, pues donde hay relaciones, hay contradicciones; donde hay contradicciones, hay contexto; donde hay contexto; hay diálogo; donde hay diálogo, hay educación; donde hay educación, hay historia que interpretar; donde hay historia, hay aprendizaje y comprensión. Nos aproximamos a la formación universitaria desde la hermenéutica filosófica gadameriana para asumir al diálogo como fuente permanente de humanización, de superación de diferencias y de aproximación (...) a la verdad, desde el cual proponemos un modelo dialógico eco-relacional cuyo eje es el lenguaje para la comprensión interhumana de una educación humanizadora fruto del cruce entre los elementos teóricos provenientes la hermenéutica filosófica, de las pedagogías críticas y de los requerimientos de la formación universitaria como comunidad de sentido. El objetivo de este artículo se orienta hacia la profundización en el conocimiento y construcción de una propuesta teórica mediante el diálogo hermenéutico de la comprensión con el fin de conocer y mejorar la práctica formativa para la comprensión humana profunda en el ámbito universitario. Como problema se asume una suerte de “monologización” de la praxis formativa como expresión propia de la educación de mercado neoliberal actual. Para ello, exploramos las coordenadas hermenéuticas de Gadamer para darle forma a una formación eco-relacional en el contexto de la tardía y su r(el)acionalidad instrumental. El método fenomenológico-hermenéutico en su capacidad integradora, plantea una singular sintonía desde el punto de vista ontológico y epistemológico, al constituirse como un enfoque interpretativo-ontológico, que asume simultáneamente el existir, el ser y el estar en mundo expresados lingüísticamente. Concluimos que la formación universitaria actual y futura se juega en el intercambio entre subjetividades y alteridades donde el diálogo es el mediador entre el concepto y la experiencia educativa, pues el ethos de la educación es el diálogo como, a su vez, el thelos de la educación es la comprensión interhumana. (shrink)

are considered with a view toward analyzing operational semantics from the perspective of predicate logic. The notion of a bisimulation is employed in two distinct ways: (i) as an extensional notion of equivalence on programs (or processes) generalizing input/output equivalence (at a cost exceeding II' ,over certain transition predicates computable in log space). and (ii) as a tool for analyzing the dependence of transitions on data (which can be shown to be elementary or nonelementary. depending on the formulation of the (...) transitions). (shrink)

O texto faz uma reflexão teórica a partir de Benjamin, Arendt, Foucault e Agamben. Em um primeiro momento faz-se uma análise da assertiva benjamineana de que “tornamo-nos muito pobres de experiências liminares”. Em seguida associamos essa idéia de “aniquilamento das transições” à idéia de homogeneidade e efemeridade da experiência urbana contemporânea. A partir desse ponto o texto articula essa homogeneidade com uma idéia de empobrecimento da esfera do comum, ou seja, do político, em prol de uma “gestão de necessidades”: a (...) gestão como sucedânea do político, que se refletiria na produção contemporânea do espaço e na “construção do comum”. (shrink)

Finite-state methods are applied to the Russell-Wiener-Kamp notion of time (based on events) and developed into an account of interval relations and semi-intervals. Strings are formed and collected in regular languages and regular relations that are argued to embody temporal relations in their various underspecified guises. The regular relations include retractions that reduce computations by projecting strings down to an appropriate level of granularity, and notions of containment for partiality within and across such levels.

The Yale Shooting Problem introduced by Steve Hanks & Drew McDermott (1987) is a well-known test case of non-monotonic temporal reasoning. There is a sequence of situations. In the initial situation a gun is not loaded and the target is alive. In the next situation the gun is loaded. Eventually, a shot is fired, perhaps with fatal consequences. In this scenario there are two "fluents", alive and loaded, and two actions, load and shoot. Being loaded and being alive are inert (...) propositions in the sense that if they are true at a given moment, they will be true at the next moment unless some action such as.. (shrink)

RESUMEN Para Hegel, el rendimiento supremo del pensamiento consiste en hallar un terreno en el cual se pongan en evidencia las dimensiones primarias de la realidad. Por esta vía consigue desarrollar uno de sus planteamientos más interesantes en la Ciencia de la lógica, a saber, el concepto de realidad efectiva. Este artículo elabora esa visión de la realidad comentando cuidadosamente lo que Hegel desarrolla allí. Al final muestra que la realidad absoluta es a la vez diferenciación en multiplicidades existentes e (...) inversión de esa contingencia en absoluta necesidad, es decir, se pone como contingente para recuperarse a sí misma en la necesidad. ABSTRACT For Hegel, the supreme performance of thought consists in finding a terrain in which the primary dimensions of reality become evident. In this way, he develops one of his most interesting approaches in the Science of Logic, namely, effective reality. This article elaborates this view of reality by carefully commenting on what Hegel develops therein. At the end, he shows that absolute reality is both differentiation into existing multiplicities and inversion of that contingency into absolute necessity, i.e., it sets itself as contingent in order to recover itself in necessity. (shrink)

Conservativity in generalized quantifiers is linked to presupposition filtering, under a propositions-as-types analysis extended with dependent quantifiers. That analysis is underpinned by modeltheoretically interpretable proofs which inhabit propositions they prove, thereby providing objects for quantification and hooks for anaphora.

El artículo analiza, el papel que juega la epistemología en la formación profesional y disciplinaria de las ciencias sociales en el nuevo contexto de educación superior, en donde, aparece con fuerza la idea de una formación basada en competencias, a través de la cual se exige una articulación de los..

A major part of our lives is now entangled with new media devices – mobile phones, laptops, iPods, blogs, twitters, SMS, e-mails, TV screens, etc. Our daily life happens in a cultural context where television, video, advertisement and computer images are more real to us than the non-media physical reality that surrounds us. In this article, within an ontological setting marked by Heidegger’s notions of being-inthe- world and Ge-stell, we argue that information and communication technologies (ICT) would only essentially show (...) up as what they are as long as they are experienced in-the-world where they are what they already have been for us. In this light, we submit that new media are essentially and paradoxically linked to instrumentality. On the one hand, within Ge-stell, the essence of ICT is shown to be far removed from its obvious toolness; yet, on the other, we submit that it is this very instrumentality that bounds new media that cannot be stripped out of what they most essentially are. At this point our article brings together earlier and later Heidegger, in a manner not done up to now, and that we claim is epistemologically consistent. The in-the-worldness of ICT, of its many devices but fundamentally of its revealing, that is, of the conditions of possibility for contemporary life for being what it is – is achieved in the decisive entering of Ge-stell into language. Thus, we aim to show that new media essentially unfold as a background of action. We conclude the article by pointing out that this ontologically background is in full swing, letting beings be in accordance to what might be its deepest ontological hallmark, a human being capable of substituting backgrounds. (shrink)

As regards the issue of futura contingentia, Aquinas's interpretation turns on a phrase that has sometimes been dismissed as irrelevant or even confused: "...non tamen haec vel illa determinatae...". It is shown that this clause is in complete conformity with Aquinas's interpretation of the principles of non-contradiction and of excluded middle. According to this interpretation the meaning of propositional negation derives from the first two principles considered collectively but is not presupposed by them. With respect to time-relative modalities this implies (...) that at the time of announcement, say, of a sea battle both parts of the contradiction could be true, provided one understands "could" in the sense of a counterfactual possibility with respect to the final outcome. It is also shown that Aquinas's interpretation allows one to avoid some perplexities in connection with the controversial beginning of Met. IX, 4. Some final considerations are meant to show the rationale of that interpretation. (shrink)

The paper focuses on the contrast between the ontologies of the subject, such as the Aristotelian one, with the ontologies of the process, such as that of Quine. It attempts to justify the Aristotelian approach paying special attention to Quine's criticism.

Notions of disambiguation supporting a compositional interpretation ofvambiguous expressions and reflecting intuitions about how sentences combinevin discourse are investigated. Expressions are analyzed both inductively byvbreaking them apart, and co-inductively by embedding them within larger contexts.

En el marco de los debates contemporáneos sobre la justicia social, en este artículo se discute la visión ralwsiana sobre el comunismo como una sociedad más allá de la justicia, en la cual las personas han perdido el sentido de lo justo y de la obligación moral. Sostenemos que John Rawls no acierta a explicar convincentemente la evanescencia del sentido de la justicia ni la súbita abrogación de las leyes que rigen la psicología moral de las personas. Asimismo, demostramos que, (...) según los propios postulados generales rawlsianos sobre la psicología moral, el comunismo marxiano no puede estar habitado sino por personas que adhieren a instituciones inspiradas en principios igualitarios y fraternos. En la sociedad comunista, entonces, rigen también la justicia y la moral, hay un esquema institucional justo -tal como lo admite Rawls-, y existe una comprensión compartida y un reconocimiento público de la justicia de las instituciones. (shrink)

En su teoría de la justicia como equidad, John Rawls sostiene que la estructura básica es el objeto primario de la justicia y que, por ende, quedan excluidas las decisiones personales. Esta posición sufre un giro insospechado en la visión rawlsiana sobre la justicia en el comunismo. En sus tres lecciones sobre Marx, Rawls presenta una doble valoración: por un lado, sostiene que el comunismo es justo en virtud de su distribución igualitaria; por otro, afirma que la ausencia de un (...) sentido de lo justo y de la obligación moral en la vida cotidiana hace que ésta sea una sociedad más allá de la justicia. La justicia ya no depende sólo de la operación de los primeros principios en la estructura básica, sino también de las actitudes personales. (shrink)