Results for 'David Hereza'

949 found
Order:
  1. El espejismo de la reflexión. La disputa de Heidegger con la fenomenología y el neokantismo.David Hereza Modrego - 2022 - In Maximiliano Hernández Marcos, Estal Sánchez & Héctor del, Conceptos en disputa, disputas sobre conceptos. Madrid: Dykinson.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2.  20
    La historia de la filosofía como problema: las cuatro posiciones cardinales del debate alemán y su disolución hermenéutica en Heidegger.David Hereza Modrego - 2022 - Quaderns de Filosofia 9 (1):195.
    The History of Philosophy as a Problem: Four Fundamental Views in the German Debate and Heidegger’s Hermeneutical Dissolution Resumen: El artículo pretende introducir el problema que supone el estudio de la historia de la filosofía, especialmente hoy cuando esta práctica se ha establecido como elemento indisociable de la formación en la materia. Con el fin de plantear de manera más concreta dicho problema, el artículo trata la legitimidad del enfoque hermenéutico, pues este parece consistir en identificar el estudio histórico de (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3.  27
    Oncina, F., y Romero, J. M. , La historia sedimentada en los conceptos.David Hereza - 2017 - Quaderns de Filosofia 4 (2).
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4.  11
    Catégories et réflexion. Maimon, lecteur d’Aristote.David Hereza Modrego - 2021 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 109 (1):7-25.
    Le but de cet article est d’éclairer l’interprétation par Maimon des Catégories d’Aristote et de montrer comment elle vise à défendre le traité aristotélicien contre les objections émises par Kant dans la Critique de la raison pure. De plus, au travers d’une analyse de cette interprétation, nous tentons de clarifier l’entreprise de réforme de la philosophie transcendantale que Maimon développe dans son Essai d’une nouvelle logique ou théorie de la pensée.
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5. Risk aversion and elite‐group ignorance.David Kinney & Liam Kofi Bright - 2021 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 106 (1):35-57.
    Critical race theorists and standpoint epistemologists argue that agents who are members of dominant social groups are often in a state of ignorance about the extent of their social dominance, where this ignorance is explained by these agents' membership in a socially dominant group (e.g., Mills 2007). To illustrate this claim bluntly, it is argued: 1) that many white men do not know the extent of their social dominance, 2) that they remain ignorant as to the extent of their dominant (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  6. (1 other version)The accuracy-coherence tradeoff in cognition.David Thorstad - forthcoming - British Journal for Philosophy of Science.
    I argue that bounded agents face a systematic accuracy-coherence tradeoff in cognition. Agents must choose whether to structure their cognition in ways likely to promote coherence or accuracy. I illustrate the accuracy-coherence tradeoff by showing how it arises out of at least two component tradeoffs: a coherence-complexity tradeoff between coherence and cognitive complexity, and a coherence-variety tradeoff between coherence and strategic variety. These tradeoffs give rise to an accuracy-coherence tradeoff because privileging coherence over complexity or strategic variety often leads to (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  7. Probability in the Everett picture.David Albert - 2010 - In Simon Saunders, Jonathan Barrett, Adrian Kent & David Wallace, Many Worlds?: Everett, Quantum Theory, & Reality. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
  8. Does legal epistemology rest on a mistake? On fetishism, two‐tier system design, and conscientious fact‐finding.David Enoch, Talia Fisher & Levi Spectre - 2021 - Philosophical Issues 31 (1):85-103.
  9. Generics and the Metaphysics of Kinds.David Liebesman & Rachel Katharine Sterken - 2021 - Philosophy Compass (7):1-14.
    Recent years have seen renewed interest in the semantics of generics. And a relatively mainstream view in this work is that the semantics of generics must appeal to kinds. But what are kinds? Can we learn anything about their nature by looking at how semantic theories of generics appeal to them? In this article, we overview recent work on the semantics of generics and consider their consequences for our understanding of the metaphysics of kinds.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  10.  96
    (1 other version)Wanted Dead or Alive: Two Attempts to Solve Schrodinger's Paradox.David Albert & Barry Loewer - 1990 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990:277-285.
    We discuss two recent attempts two solve Schrodinger's cat paradox. One is the modal interpretation developed by Kochen, Healey, Dieks, and van Fraassen. It allows for an observable which pertains to a system to possess a value even when the system is not in an eigenstate of that observable. The other is a recent theory of the collapse of the wave function due to Ghirardi, Rimini, and Weber. It posits a dynamics which has the effect of collapsing the state of (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   23 citations  
  11. What is the environment in environmental health research? Perspectives from the ethics of science.David M. Frank - 2021 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 88 (C):172-180.
    Environmental health research produces scientific knowledge about environmental hazards crucial for public health and environmental justice movements that seek to prevent or reduce exposure to these hazards. The environment in environmental health research is conceptualized as the range of possible social, biological, chemical, and/or physical hazards or risks to human health, some of which merit study due to factors such as their probability and severity, the feasibility of their remediation, and injustice in their distribution. This paper explores the ethics of (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  12. The Activity of Reasoning: How Reasoning Can Constitute Epistemic Agency.David Jenkins - 2021 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 102 (3):413-428.
    We naturally see ourselves as capable of being active with respect to the matter of what we believe – as capable of epistemic agency. A natural view is that we can exercise such agency by engaging in reasoning. Sceptics contend that such a view cannot be maintained in light of the fact that reasoning involves judgements, which are not decided upon or the products of prior intentions. In response, I argue that reasoning in fact can amount to epistemic agency in (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  13. The Qualitative Thesis.David Boylan & Ginger Schultheis - 2022 - Journal of Philosophy 119 (4):196-229.
    The Qualitative Thesis says that if you leave open P, then you are sure of if P, then Q just in case you are sure of the corresponding material conditional. We argue the Qualitative Thesis provides compelling reasons to accept a thesis that we call Conditional Locality, which says, roughly, the interpretation of an indicative conditional depends, in part, on the conditional’s local embedding environment. In the first part of the paper, we present an argument—due to Ben Holguín—showing that, without (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  14. Preliminary Considerations on the Emergence of Space and Time.David Albert - 2019 - In Alberto Cordero, Philosophers Look at Quantum Mechanics. Springer Verlag.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  15.  47
    Consensus, Clinical Decision Making, and Unsettled Cases.David M. Adams & William J. Winslade - 2011 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 22 (4):310-327.
    The model of clinical ethics consultation (CEC) defended in the ASBH Core Competencies report has gained significant traction among scholars and healthcare providers. On this model, the aim of CEC is to facilitate deliberative reflection and thereby resolve conflicts and clarify value uncertainty by invoking and pursuing a process of consensus building. It is central to the model that the facilitated consensus falls within a range of allowable options, defined by societal values: prevailing legal requirements, widely endorsed organizational policies, and (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  16. Self-Knowledge Requirements and Moore's Paradox.David James Barnett - 2021 - Philosophical Review 130 (2):227-262.
    Is self-knowledge a requirement of rationality, like consistency, or means-ends coherence? Many claim so, citing the evident impropriety of asserting, and the alleged irrationality of believing, Moore-paradoxical propositions of the form < p, but I don't believe that p>. If there were nothing irrational about failing to know one's own beliefs, they claim, then there would be nothing irrational about Moore-paradoxical assertions or beliefs. This article considers a few ways the data surrounding Moore's paradox might be marshaled to support rational (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  17.  19
    Education's Love Triangle.David Aldridge - 2019 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 53 (3):531-546.
    It has been acknowledged that education includes ‘a love of what one teaches and a love of those whom one teaches’ (Hogan 2010: 81), but two traditions of writing in philosophy of education—concerning love for student and love for subject—have rarely been brought together. This paper considers the extent to which the ‘triangular’ relationship of teacher, student and subject matter runs the risk of the rivalry, jealousy and strife that are characteristic of ‘tragic’ love triangles, or entails undesirable consequences such (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  18.  61
    There Is No Distinctively Semantic Circularity Objection to Humean Laws.David Mark Kovacs - 2021 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 51 (4):270-281.
    Humeans identify the laws of nature with universal generalizations that systematize rather than govern the particular matters of fact. Humeanism is frequently accused of circularity: laws explain their instances, but Humean laws are, in turn, grounded by those instances. Unfortunately, this argument trades on controversial assumptions about grounding and explanation that Humeans routinely reject. However, recently an ostensibly semantic circularity objection has been offered, which seeks to avoid reading such assumptions into the Humean view. This paper argues that the new (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  19. The Sharpness of the Distinction between the Past and the Future.David Z. Albert - 2014 - In Alastair Wilson, Chance and Temporal Asymmetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  20. Local explanations via necessity and sufficiency: unifying theory and practice.David Watson, Limor Gultchin, Taly Ankur & Luciano Floridi - 2022 - Minds and Machines 32:185-218.
    Necessity and sufficiency are the building blocks of all successful explanations. Yet despite their importance, these notions have been conceptually underdeveloped and inconsistently applied in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), a fast-growing research area that is so far lacking in firm theoretical foundations. Building on work in logic, probability, and causality, we establish the central role of necessity and sufficiency in XAI, unifying seemingly disparate methods in a single formal framework. We provide a sound and complete algorithm for computing explanatory factors (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  21.  21
    The Ultimate Tool: The Body, Planning of Physical Actions, and the Role of Mental Imagery in Choosing Motor Acts.David A. Rosenbaum - 2021 - Topics in Cognitive Science 13 (4):777-799.
    The ultimate tool, it could be said, is the brain and body. Therefore, a way to understand tool use is to study the brain's control of the body. A more manageable aim is to use the tools of cognitive science to explore the planning of physical actions. Here, I focus on two kinds of physical acts which directly or indirectly involve tool use: producing finger‐press sequences, and walking and reaching for objects. The main question is how people make choices between (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  22. Intoxication, Death and the Escape from Dialectic in Seneca's EM.David Merry - 2021 - In Boris Vezjak, Philosophical imagination: thought experiments and arguments in antiquity. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press. pp. 99-114.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  23.  12
    Under representation: the racial regime of aesthetics.David Lloyd - 2019 - New York: Fordham University Press.
    Under representation -- The aesthetic regime of representation -- The pathological sublime: pleasure and pain in the racial regime -- Race under representation -- Representation's coup -- The aesthetic taboo: aura, magic, and the primitive.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  24.  14
    Ancient Israelite and African proverbs as advice, reproach, warning, encouragement and explanation.David T. Adamo - 2015 - HTS Theological Studies 71 (3).
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  25. Echoes of Eriugena in Renaissance philosophy : negation, theophany, anthropology.David Albertson - 2020 - In Adrian Guiu, A companion to John Scottus Eriugena. Boston: Brill.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  26.  41
    Justifying Ethical Expertise.David M. Adams - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (11):67-68.
    Volume 19, Issue 11, November 2019, Page 67-68.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  27
    Promoting Social Creativity in Science Education With Digital Technology to Overcome Inequalities: A Scoping Review.David Aguilar & Manoli Pifarre Turmo - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  28. Before the icon: the figural matrix of De visione Dei.David Albertson - 2019 - In Gerald Christianson & Thomas M. Izbicki, Nicholas of Cusa and times of transition: essays in honor of Gerald Christianson. Boston: Brill.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  29.  15
    The Moral Contract, Sympathy and Becoming Human: A Response to Michael Hand’s A Theory of Moral Education.David Aldridge - 2019 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 53 (4):636-641.
    Michael Hand argues that at least some moral standards can be robustly justified and that because of this educators can legitimately cultivate subscription to t.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  30. Honor, Patronage, Kinship and Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture.David A. deSilva - 2000
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  31.  68
    (1 other version)The Logical Priority of the Question: R. G. Collingwood, Philosophical Hermeneutics and Enquiry-Based Learning.David Aldridge - 2012 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 46 (4):71-85.
    The thesis that all learning has the character of enquiry is advanced and its implications are explored. R. G. Collingwood's account of ‘the logical priority of the question’ is explained and Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutical justification and development, particularly the rejection of the re-enactment thesis, is discussed. Educators are encouraged to consider the following implications of the character of the question implied in all learning: (i) that it is a question that is constituted in the event rather than prepared or given (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  32.  22
    The Long Arc of Legality: Hobbes, Kelsen, Hart.David Dyzenhaus - 2021 - Cambridge University Press.
    The Long Arc of Legality breaks the current deadlock in philosophy of law between legal positivism and natural law by showing that any understanding of law as a matter of authority must account for the interaction of enacted law with fundamental principles of legality. This interaction conditions law's content so that officials have the moral resources to answer the legal subject's question, 'But, how can that be law for me?' David Dyzenhaus brings Thomas Hobbes and Hans Kelsen into a (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33.  21
    "Pacific" Ethno-National Identities: Victims, Persecutors, and the Quest for Identity.David García-Ramos Gallego & David Atienza de Frutos - 2021 - Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture 28 (1):171-200.
    The processes of globalization, embraced with such eagerness in the 1990s, started being reviewed a decade later, having revealed a vicious underside. Behind the diverse masks of globalization hide murderous identities that promise different types of violence. During Brexit, the referendum in June 2016 that was to decide whether the United Kingdom left the European Union or stayed in it, Britain rejected what the EU represents—a common identity—to pursue a road on its own—a separate identity.1 Significantly, one of the elements (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  34.  22
    Philosophy's Voices in Teaching, and Teachers' Voices in Philosophy: Notes on a Philosophical Conversation.David T. Hansen - 2021 - Educational Theory 71 (1):5-33.
  35.  33
    (1 other version)What the digital world leaves behind: reiterated analogue traces in Mexican media art.David M. J. Wood - 2021 - AI and Society:1-10.
    How might experimental media art help theorise what falls by the wayside in the digital public sphere? Working in the years immediately following the launch of YouTube in 2005, some media artists centred their creative praxis towards the end of that decade upon rescuing, revalorising, and placing back into digital circulation audiovisual media formats and technologies that appeared aged or obsolete. Although there may be a degree of nostalgia behind such practices, these artworks articulate a cogent critique of the drive (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  36.  92
    The Discourse of the Birds.David Abram - 2010 - Biosemiotics 3 (3):263-275.
    Modern humans spend much of their time deploying a very rarefied form of intelligence, manipulating abstract symbols while their muscled body is mostly inert. Other animals, in a constant and largely unmediated relation with their earthly surroundings, think with the whole of their bodies. This kind of distributed sentience, this intelligence in the limbs, is especially keen in the case of birds of flight. Unlike most creatures of the ground, who must traverse an opaque surface of only two-plus dimensions as (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  37.  22
    The Burning Bush : A study of natural phenomena as manifestation of divine presence in the Old Testament and in African context.David T. Adamo - 2017 - HTS Theological Studies 73 (3).
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  38.  40
    Greek Friendship.David Konstan - 1996 - American Journal of Philology 117 (1):71-94.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Greek FriendshipDavid KonstanIn this paper I examine the nomenclature and conception of friendship among the ancient Greeks. More specifically, I challenge the current consensus that the classical Greek notion of friendship was wider or more inclusive than the modern. My focus will be on the significance of the terms philos (as noun) and philia, which do not, as is commonly assumed, denote the same range of relations. I shall (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  39.  42
    W.T. Harris, Peirce, and the Charge of Nominalism.David W. Agler & Marco Stango - 2015 - Hegel Bulletin 36 (2):135-158.
    While a number of classical pragmatists crafted their philosophies in conjunction with a careful study of Hegel's works, others saw their philosophies emerge in antagonism with proponents of Hegel. In this paper, we offer an instance of the latter case. Namely, we show that the impetus for Charles S. Peirce's early articulation and avowal of realism (the claim that some generals are real) was William Torrey Harris's claim that the formal laws of logic lacked universal validity. According to Harris, the (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  40.  4
    Hegel and Modern Philosophy.David Lamb - 2019 - Routledge.
    Originally published in 1987, this volume reflects the diversity in Hegelianism and every branch of philosophy which he contributed to. It includes essays on his contribution to contemporary social philosophy, logic and the philosophy of religion. His work is examined in relation to Marx, Wittgenstein and his social philosophy discussed from a feminist standpoint.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  41.  22
    Reflections on Guide to Personal Knowledge.David W. Agler - 2023 - Tradition and Discovery (2):11-17.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph: Paksi and Héder’s Guide to Personal Knowledge (hereafter GPK and Guide) is, as the title suggests, a guide of the most important and original ideas of Michael Polanyi’s book Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958, hereafter PK). Is a guide to Personal Knowledge needed? I think the answer is a resounding “yes” for many new readers. To see why, let’s briefly review two common complaints about PK.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42. Intention: Hyperintensional Semantics and Decision Theory.David Elohim - manuscript
    This paper argues that the types of intention can be modeled both as modal operators and via a multi-hyperintensional semantics. I delineate the semantic profiles of the types of intention, and provide a precise account of how the types of intention are unified in virtue of both their operations in a single, encompassing, epistemic space, and their role in practical reasoning. I endeavor to provide reasons adducing against the proposal that the types of intention are reducible to the mental states (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43.  67
    Linguistic explanation and domain specialization: a case study in bound variable anaphora.David Adger & Peter Svenonius - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
    The core question behind this Frontiers research topic is whether explaining linguistic phenomena requires appeal to properties of human cognition that are specialized to language. We argue here that investigating this issue requires taking linguistic research results seriously, and evaluating these for domain-specificity. We present a particular empirical phenomenon, bound variable interpretations of pronouns dependent on a quantifier phrase, and argue for a particular theory of this empirical domain that is couched at a level of theoretical depth which allows its (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44.  7
    Anti-establishment sentiments: realistic and symbolic threat appraisals predict populist attitudes and conspiracy mentality.David Abadi, Jan Willem van Prooijen, André Krouwel & Agneta H. Fischer - 2024 - Cognition and Emotion 38 (8):1246-1260.
    Previous research has found that populist attitudes and conspiracy mentality – here summarised as anti-establishment attitudes – increase when people feel threatened. Two types of intergroup threat have been distinguished, namely realistic threats (pertaining to socio-economic resources, climate, or health), and symbolic threats (pertaining to cultural values). However, there is no agreement on which types of threat and corresponding appraisals would be most important in predicting anti-establishment attitudes. We hypothesise that it is the threat itself, irrespective of its cause, that (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45.  56
    Motivational systems: fear or defense? pain or recuperation?David B. Adams - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (2):301-301.
  46.  21
    Theme and Technique in the ‘Oudry’ Edition of La Fontaine‘s ‘Fables’.David Adams - 1999 - Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 81 (3):361-384.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47.  23
    The UFAIL Approach: Unconventional Technologies and Their “Unintended” Effects.David W. Agler - 2010 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 30 (2):103-112.
    This essay presents the use-first-and-investigate-later (UFAIL) approach to technological use through two case studies: the atomic bomb in World War II and chemical defoliants during the Vietnam War. The methodology of UFAIL is as follows: despite limited understanding of an array of potential effects (medical, environmental, etc.), technology users employ a commitment to ex post facto investigations of these effects. In generalizing these cases, the essay argues (a) that failure to check rapid technological uptake will result in continued disaster and (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  53
    On the Death of God.David Wyatt Aiken - 2019 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 71 (3):285-311.
  49.  75
    Praise for a critical perspective.David C. Airey & Richard C. Shelton - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (4):405-405.
    The target article skillfully evaluates data on mental disorders in relation to predictions from evolutionary genetic theories of neutral evolution, balancing selection, and polygenic mutation-selection balance, resulting in a negative outlook for the likelihood of success finding genes for mental disorders. Nevertheless, new conceptualizations, methods, and continued interactions across disciplines provide hope.
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  50.  13
    Without Nature?: A New Condition for Theology.David Albertson & Cabell King (eds.) - 2022 - Fordham University Press.
    Does "nature" still exist? Common wisdom now acknowledges the malleability of nature, the complex reality that circumscribes and constitutes the human. Weather patterns, topographical contours, animal populations, and even our own genetic composition--all of which previously marked the boundary of human agency--now appear subject to our intervention. Some thinkers have suggested that nature has disappeared entirely and that we have entered a postnatural era; others note that nature is an ineradicable context for life. Christian theology, in particular, finds itself in (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 949