The article examines cultural anthropological approaches to cultural boundaries and cultural change. It suggests that these approaches to cultural change can be made fruitful for understanding how cultural elements spread across different scienti?c communities, and the possible effects such dynamics could have on the negotiation of boundaries in the ?eld. The article is based on an ethnographic study of nanoscale research and re?ects on where to look for moments of boundary transgression in this ?eld that is characterized by its multiple (...) dimensions of inclusion and distinction. (shrink)

The suggested citation for this white paper is: University of Waterloo Working Group on Bibliometrics, Winter 2016. White Paper: Measuring Research Outputs through Bibliometrics, Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo.

ORCA.IT, a new online test of online research and comprehension was developed for the Italian population. A group of 183 students attending various types of upper secondary schools in Northern Italy were tested with the new tool and underwent further cognitive and neuropsychological assessment. The different school types involved in the study are representative of the school population in the Italian system, but can also be easily compared with the educational systems of other countries. The new test turned out to (...) have good psychometric properties after accurate item construction and final selection. In particular, Version 1 showed better characteristics than Version 2. Subsequently, comparison with one-way ANOVAs were performed to test whether differences exist between different school types, between groups with and without reading difficulties, and between males and females. Such differences are sometimes reported in the literature, but many remain controversial. Further, Pearson’s bivariate correlations were calculated to analyze associations between scores on the ORCA.IT and cognitive/neuropsychological variables. Finally, a stepwise regression analysis was performed on aggregated scores to identify the predictors of performance on each of the two versions, The test, especially in the most complete version (Version 1), appears to accurately and reliably capture students’ web searching abilities and online reading comprehension. The tool could highlight differences in online search and comprehension ability between students with and without reading difficulties, not penalizing overall performance but allowing very specific weaknesses to be pointed out. Further, it seems to be able to capture differences due to both educational pathways (different school types) and social attitudes (differences between males and females). Most interesting, it shows to be clearly resting on specific cognitive and neuropsychological abilities, including language, memory and attentional skills, which explain a large portion of the total variance. Offline text reading comprehension is a crucial predictor of online reading performance, while decoding ability is not. Prior knowledge also influences the results, as expected. The new tool turns out to be rather independent from previous internet experience and to measure more cognitively grounded processes related to information gathering, processing and communicating. (shrink)

Resumen: Dada la multiplicidad de planos que acompañan a las observaciones de la actual pandemia, importa identificar aquellas que alcanzan una mayor resonancia. Así, observamos cómo los ciudadanos y los agentes de decisión han incrementado sus demandas de informaciones validadas por medio de la aplicación de la racionalidad, los métodos y los procedimientos de la ciencia de manera exponencial. En este trabajo desarrollamos en forma sintética un conjunto seleccionado de lineamientos sobre cómo se aborda la actual pandemia desde las ciencias (...) sociales sistémicas, para luego exponer algunas de sus propuestas respecto a las condiciones, a nivel organizacional, las cuales podrían permitir alcanzar los niveles de diálogo y cooperación requeridos para enfrentar la pandemia actual.: Given the multiplicity of perspectives that accompany the observation of the current pandemic, becomes relevant to identify those that achieve the greatest resonance. Thus, it is observed how citizens and decision makers have increased their demands for valid information by applying rationality, methods, and procedures of science in an exponential manner. In this paper we develop a synthetic set of selected guidelines on how the current pandemic is approached from systemic social sciences, and then present some of their proposals regarding the conditions, at the organizational level, which could enable the achievement of the levels of dialogue and cooperation required to address the current pandemic. (shrink)

BackgroundThe German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII) introduced a standardised Broad Consent (BC) form encompassing medical data, insurance data, contact information and biomaterials for health data research. This study assesses the feasibility of MII-BC in emergency departments (EDs), examining patient understanding and identifying implementation facilitators and barriers. Recommendations for implementation of MII-BC in EDs will be derived.MethodsMixed-method data were collected in EDs of four German university hospitals (UHs) using pseudonymised participant observation with a focus on patient perspective and surveys from patients. (...) Data included MII-BC acceptance rates, patient understanding, motivation to consent and implementation facilitators and barriers. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively; qualitative data underwent content analysis with deductive–inductive category formation.ResultsThe exploratory study involved 12 participant observations from four tertiary UHs, surfacing five key themes: (1) MII-BC patient information in the ED, (2) facilitators and (3) barriers in obtaining MII-BC in the ED, (4) patient perspectives on MII-BC and (5) recommendations for implementing MII-BC in EDs. Survey results (n=225) showed that most patients (89.8%) demonstrated high understanding of MII-BC patient information. Facilitators include empathetic engagement, clear communication and encouragement for questions. Hindering factors include estimating study time frames, ambient noises and study procedure interruptions. Adequate resources, such as trained staff and suitable premises, are crucial.ConclusionImplementing MII-BC in the ED is feasible with appropriate resources, though ED-specific challenges must be addressed. Successful MII-BC implementation in EDs hinges on ensuring access to comprehensible information materials, transparent communication and a calm recruitment environment.Trial registration numberDRKS00030054. (shrink)

El presente artículo aborda la estrategia escritural de Daniela Catrileo. Se propone revisar la elaboración del concepto de piñen examinando la relación entre lenguaje y colonialidad, para, de ese modo, subrayar el potencial político y reivindicativo que comporta en la novela del mismo nombre, Piñen (2019). Dicha hipótesis articulará el ejercicio de lectura aquí propuesto, atendiendo principalmente las estrategias narrativas empleadas –servirse de un polilingüismo que rompe estructuras gramaticales– para descentrar el lenguaje de su determinismo colonial. Así, interpretamos dicha (...) estrategia escritural en consonancia con las potencias micropolíticas y descolonizadoras del arte descritas por Suely Rolnik y, en consecuencia, apostando por la posibilidad de diagramar un devenir minoritario que dispute los imaginarios del inconsciente colonial-capital. (shrink)

Early intervention comes in-between the lives of children, families and teachers. This article uses part of a report written by an educational psychologist about a little girl to question the nature of intervention through Rancière’s writings. As children and parents are seen as put into the position of inadequacy, they require such intervention, which in turn makes them more inadequate. The article goes on to highlight the numerous ‘givings’ involved in early intervention, through Derrida’s writing. However, such giving is questioned (...) as creating expectations that receivers of the gift must fulfil, thus nullifying the gift. The conclusion suggests that starting from a perspective of equality and acknowledging the aporia involved could help the people in this scenario to take a different approach. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The paper explores the ethics of post‐menopausal motherhood by looking at the case of Adriana Iliescu, the oldest woman ever to have given birth (so far 1). To this end, I will approach the three most common objections brought against the mother and/or against the team of healthcare professionals who made it happen: the age of the mother, the fact that she is single, the appropriateness of her motivation and of that of the medical team.

I-Language introduces the uninitiated to linguistics as cognitive science. In an engaging, down-to-earth style Daniela Isac and Charles Reiss give a crystal-clear demonstration of the application of the scientific method in linguistic theory. Their presentation of the research programme inspired and led by Noam Chomsky shows how the focus of theory and research in linguistics shifted from treating language as a disembodied, human-external entity to cognitive biolinguistics - the study of language as a human cognitive system embedded within the (...) mind/brain of each individual. The recurring theme of equivalence classes in linguistic computation ties together the presentation of material from phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The same theme is used to help students understand the place of linguistics in the broader context of the cognitive sciences, by drawing on examples from vision, audition, and even animal cognition.This textbook is unique in its integration of empirical issues of linguistic analysis, engagement with philosophical questions that arise in the study of language, and treatment of the history of the field. Topics ranging from allophony to reduplication, ergativity, and negative polarity are invoked to show the implications of findings in cognitive biolinguistics for philosophical issues like reference, the mind-body problem, and nature-nurture debates.This textbook contains numerous exercises and guides for further reading as well as ideas for student projects. A companion website with guidance for instructors and answers to the exercises features a series of pdf slide presentations to accompany the teaching of each topic. (shrink)

El acceso a la justicia constituye uno de los ejes centrales de las teorías y movimientos críticos de las concepciones dogmático-formalistas del derecho y ha sido fuertemente debatido dentro de los proyectos jurídicos feministas. En los últimos años se lo ha catalogado como un derecho humano y se lo ha reconocido expresamente en algunas legislaciones internacionales. El acceso a la justicia no se ha hecho explícito en el lenguaje legal español, pero muchas de sus normas contemplan varios de los elementos (...) que lo componen. La Ley Orgánica 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de medidas de protección integral contra la violencia de género es una de ellas. Nos interesa indagar si esta norma recoge cabalmente las concepciones más amplias sobre el acceso a la justicia, en especial, las que plantean los proyectos jurídicos feministas con mayor visión transformadora y, en consecuencia, si se trata de una herramienta útil para superar la lógica formalista y androcéntrica que tradicionalmente han caracterizado el derecho y los sistemas de justicia. (shrink)

This paper proposes a methodological approach to the study of discourses in the hybrid media system (Chadwick, 2013). The hybrid media system is defined as a new type of system in which traditional and emerging media are assembled, changed and flow gradually to create new forms. One form of hybridization is the relationship between social networks and television, in which both media model and build each other. Various studies (Gruber, 2017; Vaccari et al., 2016) have demonstrated the importance of the (...) study of hybrid media system to explore the construction of meanings in new media contexts, especially in political contexts. This study is part of a qualitative paradigm that incorporates the principles of critical discourse analysis for the analysis of semiotic resources used in 30,000 tweets with hashtags of five Chilean political television programs broadcast during 2016, which promote online public debate and participation. Based on the analysis of online texts and television programs, it was established that the argumentative strategies and resources used constituted an expansion of the televised political debate and a space for interaction of social network users with traditional media. The decision to directly involve these users in television programs has implications for the understanding of the symbolic limits of the policy. The inclusion of new actors has the potential to model the quality of debate and argumentation in the digitally mediated public sphere. (shrink)

This paper explores the perceptual space of Thomas A. Clark’s poetry and its links with the long and influential Western literary and artistic traditions of walking in the landscape, from Romanticism to Land Art. Particular attention will be given to the relations that Clark establishes in his writing between walking as a bodily practice and the multi-sensory engagement with the landscape it provides. It will be shown that Clark’s most significant contribution to the literature of walking lies in the balance (...) he creates between movement and stillness. In this dynamics, walking is envisaged as means of contemplation and communion to be found within the body, but which is at the same time directed towards the world, and the landscape appears as an infinite variety of perspectival views and as a dynamic process of discovery. (shrink)

Las últimas encuestas nacionales en México han mostrado una confianza social creciente en creencias y prácticas pseudocientíficas, así como una percepción pública desfavorable sobre la visibilidad social de los científicos. La situación post-normal generada en la pandemia por COVID-19 se presenta como un escenario propicio para poner a prueba la importancia que los ciudadanos otorgan, de hecho, a la ciencia y sus profesionales en tiempos de crisis. Este artículo ofrece los resultados sobre comprensión pública de la COVID-19 y percepción social (...) sobre el papel de la ciencia en la lucha contra la pandemia obtenidos de dos encuestas realizadas, en 2020, a dos grupos poblacionales de México: población rural, mayoritariamente indígena, y población urbana. Se comparan estos datos con los de otros estudios nacionales sobre comprensión pública de la ciencia (PUS en sus siglas en inglés) prepandémicos haciendo uso de los indicadores Progreso, Reticencias, Conocimiento y Compromiso (PREK en sus siglas en inglés), propuestos recientemente por Martin Bauer y colaboradores para valorar la llamada autoridad cultural de la ciencia. Nuestra investigación muestra la confianza y legitimidad sociales otorgadas, en general, a la ciencia en esta situación socio-sanitaria post-normal. Finalmente, a la luz de ciertos resultados, defendemos que las disparidades culturales propias de México se desvelan significativas a la hora de considerar el aprovechar tal prestigio social en el logro de un incremento de la apropiación social de cultura científica en México en general, es decir, más allá de contextos post-normales concretos. (shrink)

En 2020 se publicó Memorias de la prisión política durante el terrorismo de Estado en la Argentina (1974-1983), investigación del antropólogo Santiago Garaño que forma parte de la colección de acceso abierto “Entre los libros de la buena memoria”, impulsada por las Universidades Nacionales de La Plata, Misiones y General Sarmiento. Se trata de un trabajo que aborda una problemática con poca visibilidad dentro de los estudios sobre violencia política: la experiencia de militancia y represión vivida por detenidas y detenidos (...) por razones políticas entre 1974 y 1983. (shrink)

This article analyzes the autofigurative strategies of La travesía by Luisa Valenzuela in terms of the narratives of the self, the Argentine dictatorship and feminism. A correspondence is found between the disavowal of the voice, the structure of the autobiographical account and the portrait of the experience of the violence of the military regime and of gender. Initially, the novel is situated at the height of the narratives of the self that, with literary resources that are separated from the most (...) conservative autobiographical writings, denounce the impossibility of understanding the subject as univocal, while founding different approaches to the retelling of the experience. This location allows exploring the formal experiments that Valenzuela carries out around the autobiographical exercise and that highlight the crisis of the construction of memory and the exposure of contemporary subjectivity. In addition, it is shown how such strategies serve as a vehicle for reflection on feminism and dictatorship that permeate all of her work. For this, Valenzuela's notion of feminine writing is used, which puts the multiplicity of perspectives before the univocity of the autobiographical voice, the ambiguous before the precise, and the collective before the authoritarian. La travesía is, then, read as part of the works that come to the narration of the experience itself in a framework of the retelling of collective memory, with narrative games that point out the deictic futility of the self and the difficulty of recounting past time, without, therefore, abandoning the call for its reconstruction as a guarantee of non-repetition. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como punto de partida la tesis de que las ideas de Hegel sobre el amor y el honor, así como la noción hegeliana de reconocimiento, resultan hoy un insumo fundamental para la teoría política feminista. Para demostrarlo, recurriremos al método de la “doble mirada”: por un lado, ofreceremos un panorama acerca del lugar de las mujeres en la obra de Hegel; por el otro, procuraremos demostrar la productividad política de muchas de sus ideas en el pensamiento feminista (...) contemporáneo. (shrink)

Ist das Politische Macht? Ist es öffentliches Handeln oder die beste Gesellschaftsordnung? Daniela Hüttinger sucht dort nach einer Antwort, wo die historische Wurzel des Politischen vermutet wird: im Griechenland des 5. und 4.

Leading philosophical models of curiosity represent it as a desiderative attitude whose content is a question, and which is satisfied by knowledge of the answer to that question. I argue that these models do not capture the distinctive character of a form of curiosity that I call 'erotic curiosity'. Erotic curiosity addresses itself not to a question but to an object whose significance for the inquirer is affective as well as epistemic. This form of curiosity is best understood by analogy (...) to erotic love as theorized by Plato in the Symposium. (shrink)

It is widely believed that we ought not to criticize others for wrongs that we ourselves have committed. The author draws out and challenges some of the background assumptions about the practice of criticism that underlie our attraction to this claim, such as the tendency to think of criticism either as a social sanction or as a didactic intervention. The author goes on to offer a taxonomy of cases in which the moral legitimacy of criticism is challenged on the grounds (...) that the critic him- or herself engages in the behavior that he or she criticizes in others. The author argues that, in each type of case, the would-be critics should not constrain their participation in moral discourse on the grounds that they are not themselves innocent of the wrongdoing they criticize in others. (shrink)

This paper explores a distinctive form of social interaction—interpersonal inquiry—in which two or more people attempt to understand one another by engaging in conversation. Like many modes of inquiry into human beings, interpersonal inquiry partly shapes its own objects. How we conduct it thus affects who we become. I present an ethical ideal of conversation to which, I argue, at least some of our interpersonal inquiry ought to aspire. I then consider how this ideal might influence philosophical conceptions of the (...) self. (shrink)

This article examines the Israeli women’s movement, Checkpoint Watch, as a case from which to argue that the strategic use of the politics of care can challenge existing social and political orders. The conscious decision of activists to direct the practice of care toward the ‘wrong’ subject – toward Palestinians rather than Israeli soldiers – challenges the dehumanisation of Palestinians in Israeli society. While the politics of care may call the political order into question, the service of a behaviour that (...) is considered essentialist may paradoxically reinforce the existing social order. I argue that the politics of care has the potential to challenge both the political and the social order, though not simultaneously. (shrink)

In a number of recent philosophical works, the concept of ontography has been raised to involve a revaluation of figurative and visual thinking against logico-conceptual thinking— i. e. a revaluation of a philosophical practice that supplements or departs from the traditional site of philosophy, language. This paper investigates the ontographic dimensions of Charles S. Peirce’s diagrammatology by focusing on his system of »existential graphs« as ontography avant la lettre.

Scientific models represent aspects of the empirical world. I explore to what extent this representational relationship, given the specific properties of models, can be analysed in terms of propositions to which truth or falsity can be attributed. For example, models frequently entail false propositions despite the fact that they are intended to say something "truthful" about phenomena. I argue that the representational relationship is constituted by model users "agreeing" on the function of a model, on the fit with data and (...) on the aspects of a phenomenon that are modelled. Model users weigh the propositions entailed by a model and from this decide which of these propositions are crucial to the acceptance and continued use of the model. Thus, models represent phenomena when certain propositions they entail are true, but this alone does not exhaust the representational relationship. Therefore, the constraints that produce the choice of the relevant propositions in a model must also be examined and their analysis contributes to understanding the relationship between models and phenomena. (shrink)

In his description of India Strabo alludes to various Indian crops: in the rainy seasons the land grows flax, millet, sesame, rice and bosmoron, and in the winter – wheat, barley, pulse ‘and other edible crops with which we are unacquainted ’. Later on in his survey, Strabo briefly refers to the cultivation of rice, where he relies mainly and specifically on Aristobulus of Cassandria, one of the companions of Alexander the Great in his campaign in the East. Aristobulus composed (...) an account of Alexander's expedition and, in all likelihood, personally witnessed most of the details included in the fragments of his lost work. His descriptions are therefore highly valuable as reports reflecting one of the first encounters of the Greek culture with India. (shrink)