RESENHA VILHENA, Maria Ângela. Salvação solidária : o culto às almas à luz da teologia das religiões. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2012. 173 p.

This text The Apostolic Church: from the “Tent of God for Salvation and Healing” to the “Church of the Santa Vó Rosa” - Religious Mutations aims to describe the emergence and mutations experienced by an initially Pentecostal Church, founded in São Paulo, in 1954, in the wake of the divine healing movement. We try to answer the question: Given these changes experienced over the course of six decades, what of Pentecostal features remained at the end of this trajectory marked by (...) doctrinal, liturgical and administrative transformations? In the research, were examined: primary documentation; minutes of assemblies registered at notary offices; Church websites and bulletins; television documentaries and other documents posted on Youtube; newspapers; and electronic files produced by former members and pastors some years ago against the leadership of this Church. The data obtained lead us to the conclusion that the changes implemented are sufficient to classify this Church as a sect-type institution because of the closure in itself, the rigor of its discipline, of its eschatological emphasis and of its anticultural position. The Apostolic Church today maintains only a few remnants of its Pentecostal origins. (shrink)

Un pequeño grupo de vasos apulios de la segunda mitad del siglo IV a.C. representan el descenso de Orfeo a los Infiernos, su llegada ante el palacio de Hades y Perséfone, donde logró con su canto conmover a los dioses infernales. El programa iconográfico de estos vasos, pleno de relatos míticos y de enseñanzas religiosas destinadas a proporcionar consuelo y esperanza de vida más allá de la muerte, nos permite conocer el imaginario del reino subterráneo y a esta figura religiosa (...) que intercede ante los dioses del inframundo para obtener de ellos la salvación de los mortales, su ingreso en un allende beatífico y paradisíaco. (shrink)

Unamuno estimaba el libro Psyche de Erwin Rohde como la «obra capital» sobre la fe de los griegos en la inmortalidad del alma. La obra influía profundamente en la producción entera de D. Miguel. Aquí estudiamos su presencia en Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1911-1912), en la «Oración fúnebre» de Orfeo al final de Niebla (1914) y en el drama El Otro (1926). Enfocamos el culto griego a las almas y la psique concebida como el Otro en Rohde y (...) en Unamuno. (shrink)

A fundação da missão redentorista alemã no Brasil, em 1894, representou para os missionários bávaros uma possibilidade pessoal de realização plena daquilo que entendiam como sua vocação, qual seja, a salvação das “almas abandonadas” através do sacrifício pessoal. Todavia, a alteridade entre o que se espera e o que se encontra levou essas expectativas idealizadas ora ao desencantamento, ora ao reencantamento e reelaboração, o que impactou não somente nas expectativas e ações religiosas individuais, mas igualmente no modo como tais (...) sujeitos encaram e transformam seu lugar de atuação missionária. Assim, o presente artigo pretende analisar de que modo os ideais de vocação, missão e sacrifício impactaram na construção de expectativas idealizadas por missionários da congregação redentorista bávara no Brasil, pensando como tais expectativas se transformaram a partir do choque de experiências com a realidade brasileira, tanto na desilusão, quanto na confirmação vocacional e reelaboração de suas próprias expectativas missionárias. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o projeto de lei de Locke sobre os pobres à luz do debate que se estabeleceu no século XVII inglês sobre o combate à pobreza. A leitura desse projeto de lei com outros textos de Locke, como o _Segundo tratado_, por exemplo, conduz o leitor a uma flutuação interpretativa que parte de sua visão moral, de salvação da alma_ per_ _si_, passa por uma perspectiva de cunho econômico-utilitarista, baseada no trabalho, e chega a (...) uma solução igualmente moral, de homem disciplinado e apto à vida do labor. Ler este texto de Locke, sem clichês e preconceitos, pode ajudar o leitor contemporâneo a entender a longa luta de inclusão do pobre enquanto ser de direito por meio da assistência social. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer novos dados historiográficos sobre a assistência concedida às crianças da cidade de Braga, na ocasião do seu falecimento, no século XVIII. No trabalho que realizamos, foi possível analisar alguns dados sobre o anúncio da morte das crianças de Braga, os seus velórios, sepultamentos e a assistência às suas almas, através de fontes documentais das confrarias da cidade e das Constituições Sinodais do arcebispado. A análise testamental forneceu menos dados, mas revelou a provável preocupação de (...) alguns indivíduos, com a salvação das almas dos filhos falecidos com mais de sete anos de idade. (shrink)

A proposta deste artigo é a de buscar entender as formas de como a Igreja Católica procurou adentrar nas bases psicológicas dos cristãos por meio da Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et Spes em seu Capítulo I intitulado “A promoção da dignidade do matrimônio e da família”. A Instituição insistiu no argumento segundo o qual a união entre homem e mulher constitui um sacramento essencial à família, à sociedade, à moralidade, à boa conduta, à ética e, por fim, à salvação da (...) alma. Pode-se vislumbrar, na construção de tal argumento, um amplo uso de “jogos psicológicos”, sustentados na concepção que buscava transformar o matrimônio em uma macro-política cotidiana da moral, a qual tinha por fim convencer e, por conseguinte, ligar homens e mulheres por meio da idéia da indissolubilidade do matrimônio. O aparato teórico da aqui chamada macro-política cotidiana da moral permite compreender como a Igreja Católica jamais esteve alheia às mudanças que se operavam em meados do século XX. Palavras-Chave: Matrimônio. Família. Igreja Católica. Usos Psicológicos.This article aims to understand the ways used by the Catholic Church in order to enter in the psychological foundations of Christians through the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes in Chapter I entitled “The promotion of the dignity of marriage and the family”. The institution insisted on the argument that the union between man and woman is an essential sacrament to the family, society, morality, good conduct, ethics and, finally, to the salvation of the soul. One can envision, in the construction of such an argument, an extensive use of “mind games”, supported the concept that sought to transform marriage in a macro-politics of everyday morality, which was intended to convince and therefore call men and women through the idea of the indissolubility of marriage. The theoretical apparatus here called the macro-politics of everyday morality allows us to understand how the Catholic Church has never been alien to the changes which were taking place in the mid-twentieth century. Keywords : Marriage. Family. Catholic Church. Psychological Uses. (shrink)

1. Introduction. The problems of other minds ; Body, mind and other minds ; The analogical theory ; The critical theory ; Functionalism and mental states as theoretical entities ; A brief outline of things to come -- 2. Functionalism and the nature of mental representations. Functionalism and cognitive psychology ; Folk psychology and the representational theory of mind -- 3. Theory theory and simulation theory. A very short introduction to the world of theory theory and simulation theory ; A (...) look at simulation theory ; A look at theory theory -- 4. Intentionality and the theory theory. The generic theory theory ; Cognitive and primordial intentionality ; Theory theorists and primordial intentionality ; Fodor's computational theory of primordial intentionality -- 5. The body schema. Historical notes on the notion of body schema ; An outline of a notion of body schema -- 6. On the notion of primordial intentionality. Concrete and abstracts movements ; Why primordial intentionality is not reducible to cognitive intentionality ; The intentionality of primordial intentionality -- 7. The irreducibility of primordial intentionality. The first argument against homuncular functionalism ; The second argument against homuncular functionalism -- 8. Transferring the body schema. Husserl's phenomenology of intersubjectivity ; Towards a primordial intentionality of intersubjectivity ; Some implications and a comparison to Husserl -- 9. Theory theory and simulation theory revisited. Attribution of primordial intentionality as cognitive simulation ; If homuncular functionalism were true ... ; Primordial intentionality and belief-desire psychology ; The theory of body schematic transfer and the simulation theory -- 10. Body schematic transfer and the conceptual problem of other minds. Strawson on the problem of other minds ; Disarming Strawson's objections ; Solving the conceptual problem -- 11. Concluding remarks -- Summary in Swedish -- References. (shrink)

To show that discrimination against the terminally ill is a real and worrisome phenomenon Reed presents four examples1. Here, I focus on the final two: right-to-try and right-to-die laws. I argue that they are not instances of discrimination, because they grant rights. Reed appears to have overlooked that rights differ from obligations in ways that leave his argumentation unsuccessful. According to the most prominent theory of rights, rights function to protect the personal interests of their holders.2 For that reason, strengthening (...) rights implies weakening discrimination. Granting women the right to vote by itself meant that they were being less discriminated against. Rights also fail to meet standardly accepted definitions of discrimination. As Reed explains, for discrimination to occur, it is necessary that a significant disadvantage is imposed on a socially salient group. Policies can impose disadvantages by being obligations. While rights sometimes enable disadvantages, they never impose them. More precisely, rights may entitle their holders to subject themselves to disadvantages. The right to try entitles the terminally ill to subject themselves to harms caused by investigational drugs. The right to die entitles the terminally ill to voluntarily subject themselves to the deprivation of life. Contrast this with a policy that requires the terminally ill to take investigational drugs. Such a policy would be discriminatory. Whether rights can nevertheless …. (shrink)

The first history of postwar mathematics, offering a new interpretation of the rise of abstraction and axiomatics in the twentieth century. Why did abstraction dominate American art, social science, and natural science in the mid-twentieth century? Why, despite opposition, did abstraction and theoretical knowledge flourish across a diverse set of intellectual pursuits during the Cold War? In recovering the centrality of abstraction across a range of modernist projects in the United States, Alma Steingart brings mathematics back into the conversation about (...) midcentury American intellectual thought. The expansion of mathematics in the aftermath of World War II, she demonstrates, was characterized by two opposing tendencies: research in pure mathematics became increasingly abstract and rarified, while research in applied mathematics and mathematical applications grew in prominence as new fields like operations research and game theory brought mathematical knowledge to bear on more domains of knowledge. Both were predicated on the same abstractionist conception of mathematics and were rooted in the same approach: modern axiomatics. For American mathematicians, the humanities and the sciences did not compete with one another, but instead were two complementary sides of the same epistemological commitment. Steingart further reveals how this mathematical epistemology influenced the sciences and humanities, particularly the postwar social sciences. As mathematics changed, so did the meaning of mathematization. Axiomatics focuses on American mathematicians during a transformative time, following a series of controversies among mathematicians about the nature of mathematics as a field of study and as a body of knowledge. The ensuing debates offer a window onto the postwar development of mathematics band Cold War epistemology writ large. As Steingart's history ably demonstrates, mathematics is the social activity in which styles of truth-here, abstraction-become synonymous with ways of knowing. (shrink)

This article focuses on 'improving' schools in difficult or disadvantaged contexts. It explores the contemporary policy discourse and intervention strategies aimed at improving schools in such circumstances. It argues that contemporary approaches to improvement are unlikely to succeed because the approaches adopted are not sufficiently differentiated or context specific. Drawing on two recent empirical studies, the article offers an alternative perspective on school improvement within this group of schools. It argues against standardised solutions in favour of a differentiated approach to (...) school improvement that recognises and respects the diversity, variability and complexity of schools in difficult contexts. (shrink)

A partir de los años 90, la información estadística da cuenta de una masiva llegada de inmigrantes peruanos a la Región Metropolitana, concentrándose principalmente en las comunas de Santiago, Recoleta e Independencia. En este artículo se busca entender el efecto de los inmigrantes como factor de cambio en las áreas centrales de la capital, desde las transformaciones socio-espaciales, las que modifican el territorio, como el comportamiento de la población –evolución y distribución espacial-, y los cambios en la morfología y estructura (...) de éste. Lo anterior tiene sentido sobre la base teórica de la Nueva Geografía de las Migraciones, la cual explica el problema migratorio en el contexto de la Globalización y como ésta origina nuevos polos de atracción para la localización de esta población. Finalmente, se evalúan las condiciones de vida objetiva y percibida de los inmigrantes peruanos en cuanto a la calidad de vida y de satisfacción residencial. (shrink)

Humanitarian aid in Central Europe after World War I repositioned both food and food research on a global scale. This essay follows the British scientific delegation that worked in Vienna as part of the food aid program and shows how the city became a “lab” for international nutrition. Assuming a political role, British nutrition experts were motivated to collaborate with local experts. To examine what internationalism looked like in the lab, the essay reconstructs the forgotten Viennese NEM system, a scientific (...) theory in which food was measured in milk units instead of calories, and demonstrates the unlikely ways the British researchers adopted it. The exchange of scientific standards between experts resulted in a series of milk experiments in which human and animal milks were exchanged and compared. Bearing on historiographic discussions of standards and internationalism, this case study offers an intervention into how we connect the history of measurement, international politics, and living creatures. (shrink)

In Het regeren van precairen analyseert Isabell Lorey hoe het mogelijk is dat een aanzienlijk deel van de bevolking van neoliberale samenlevingen met onzekerheid leeft zonder zich te verzetten. Zij concludeert dat de logica van het liberalisme precariteit tegenover veiligstelling plaatst, waardoor individuen zichzelf middels zelfregeringstechnieken proberen af te schermen en zich niet verzetten tegen precariteit.

The problem of identity is one of the milestones of philosophical thinking. It is a complex question, a prism with multiple vertices. In this paper I will focus on two key-concepts related to identity, namely, death and community. Death stands as end of life, but as a possibility of it. The ghost "appears", then, in a privileged position for the dialogue and the understanding of this phenomenon. Moreover, as social beings, neither individuals can be separated from the community in which (...) they are registered; nor it is possible to distance the ghosts and functions historically fulfilled in this respect. Throughout the text I will discuss the functions that have been and those that would be of ghosts; understanding ghosts as a referring dialogic and therapeutic constitution of identity. El problema de la identidad constituye uno de los hitos fundamentales de pensamiento filosófico. Es una cuestión compleja, un prisma con múltiples vértices. El presente artículo se centrará en dos hitos fundamentales relacionados con la identidad, a saber: muerte y comunidad. La muerte se sitúa como fin de la vida, pero como posibilidad de la misma. "Aparece", entonces, el fantasma en una posición privilegiada para el diálogo y la comprensión de este fenómeno. Además, en tanto seres sociales los individuos no pueden ser separados de la comunidad en la que se inscriben. Tampoco es posible distanciar a los fantasmas y las funciones cumplidas históricamente en este aspecto. A lo largo del texto se examinarán cuáles han sido y pueden ser estas funciones a cumplir por los fantasmas entendidos como referente dialógico y terapéutico de la constitución de la identidad. (shrink)

El pintor Rafael Ángel Fernández Piedra, fallecido en 2018, es considerado uno de los artistas más representativos de Costa Rica, cuya obra ha tenido también una proyección internacional considerable, al formar parte de la Colección del Museo José Luis Cuevas en Ciudad de México, así como de la Colección del Museo Rally de Arte Contemporáneo, en Punta del Este, Uruguay, entre otros. Obtuvo el premio Aquileo J. Echeverría en Artes Plásticas en 1968, 1972 y 1975, así como el premio Nacional (...) de Cultura Magón en 2002, el más importante galardón que otorga el Estado costarricense en reconocimiento a una vida dedicada a la cultura. Como homenaje póstumo a este insigne creador, en esta edición la Revista Ístmica convierte su sección de Artes Visuales en una galería virtual dedicada a la exposición de parte de su obra, comentada sentidamente por su hija, la curadora y también artista, Alma Fernández. (shrink)

_In this paper, we support the adoption of an empirical approach in development ethics research and show that the theoretical insights and methodological guidelines in Sen’s capability approach can offer helpful guidance to development ethicists on designing and execution of such research. To this end, we show how specific insights in the CA guide one to identify and engage with relevant stakeholders in extensive dialogues about the ethical issues underlying their development practices and in gathering empirical data for further ethical (...) reflections. Drawing on an empirical development ethics research project we conducted in the fisheries sector of Ukerewe District in Tanzania, we illustrate how the CA supported us in identifying 310 representatives of various categories of small-scale fishers and stakeholders, and in designing and executing empirical development ethics research in the form of progressive stages of dialogues in stakeholder groups. The participants in these stakeholder groups reflected on and assessed their individual and collective values, capacities, roles and interests in the fisheries sector. In turn, we gathered empirical data on the nature and causes of the poverty of small-scale fishers and ways to overcome it, the __moral roots of the prevalence of institutional and professional apathy, and stakeholders’ motivations and concrete actions to support the redressing of the challenges facing small-scale fishers. Later, we used these empirical data to theorise about moving small-scale fishers from poverty to prosperity, and about the development ethic best suited to guide future initiatives in combatting poverty and generating wealth through the fisheries sector in Ukerewe District._ _Keywords: _Empirical Ethics, Development Ethics, Capability Approach, Small-scale Fisheries, Poverty, Ukerewe District, Tanzania. (shrink)

The most predominant kind of disease that is normal among ladies is breast cancer. It is one of the significant reasons among ladies, regardless of huge endeavors to stay away from it through screening developers. An automatic detection system for disease helps doctors to identify and provide accurate results, thereby minimizing the death rate. Computer-aided diagnosis has minimum intervention of humans and produces more accurate results than humans. It will be a difficult and long task that depends on the expertise (...) of pathologists. Deep learning methods proved to give better outcomes when correlated with ML and extricate the best highlights of the images. The main objective of this paper is to propose a deep learning technique in combination with a convolution neural network and long short-term memory with a random forest algorithm to diagnose breast cancer. Here, CNN is used for feature extraction, and LSTM is used for extracted feature detection. The experimental results show that the proposed system accomplishes 100% of accuracy, a sensitivity of 99%, recall of 99%, and an F1-score of 98% compared to other traditional models. As the system achieved correct results, it can help doctors to investigate breast cancer easily. (shrink)

El tema sobre la moral es uno que, en calidad de sociedad, nos interesa mayormente debido a que es de una naturaleza práctica en lo que respecta a su estudio y a la vida en general, de hecho, no podríamos interesarnos más por este tema de lo que ya lo hacemos debido a que cotidianamente nos surgen dudas o preguntas con respecto a la moral. Esas preguntas, incesantes, de por qué está mal esto o aquello quegeneralmente salen de la boca (...) de los niños curiosos por conocer su mundo y los límites de todo, son las que en algunas personas adultas nos impulsan a investigar y tratar de entender el origen de las reglas morales de nuestra sociedad o de cualquiera que se nos presente.En este trabajo pretendemos contextualizar he introducir la teoría del sentimiento moral para que, con ello, se pueda juzgar con mejores ojos la propuesta sobre el análisis de la moral, pero desde la propuesta empirista de los sentimientos, siendo conscientes que las reglas morales tienen que ser razonadas pues nacen del sentimiento que no tiene más justificación que la perspectiva de cada persona. (shrink)

Our whole discussion has focused on man’s self-fulfillment in and through the marital union. The mutual self-donation of man and woman is a participative act in that whenever acting is performed ‘together with the other,’ the husband and wife transcend themselves in action and thereby realize the authentically personalistic value of the action and man’s self-fulfillment in it. This mutual self-giving of husband and wife finds its expression in and through the body. This self-fulfillment, however, is attained only when the (...) husband and wife become responsible for each other and meet the demands of the personalistic norm. The marital union must adapt itself to the objective demands of the personalistic norm, without which the act of mutual love between husband and wife is degraded to the ‘utilitarian’ level. The structure of responsibility which demands reference to the object in accordance with its true value must be satisfied. (shrink)

Este trabajo surge como resultado de una investigación cuyos objetivos son identificar los tipos de espacios escénicos, suelos y localizaciones que utiliza la videodanza. Para ello hemos analizado 152 videodanzas escogidas de las selecciones oficiales de los festivales españoles específicos, desde su creación, hasta el año 2018. Para el análisis hemos creado un modelo ad hoc de nueve variables y 44 categorías. Del análisis podemos concluir que la videodanza utiliza preferentemente encuadres centrados en espacios abiertos y normalmente planos, que se (...) ubican en entornos urbanos, generalmente en interiores, con suelos específicos que aportan significado a la coreografía o a la narrativa de la videodanza. (shrink)