The paper aims to follow the hidden traces of Francisco Suárez’ metaphysics in Immanuel Kant’s theory of “being” not intended as a “re...

Mi intervención desea verificar la posibilidad de delinear algunos rasgos característicos de un pensamiento “barroco”, sin limitarse por un lado a una analogía débil con el estilo arquitectónico y pictórico, y por otro lado sin tener la presunción de proponer una etiqueta historiográfica demasiado general e indistinta. La perspectiva escogida por el autor es la de centrase en algunos problemas que emergen en las obras de algunos teólogos y filósofos jesuitas operantes en la época posterior al Concilio de Trento. En (...) particular, se afronta el problema de la relación entre “lo natural” y “lo sobrenatural”, en el intento de tomar distancias tanto de la solución luterana como de la solución “pelagiana”. Siguiendo a Bellarmino se saca a la luz la discusión sobre el estado de la naturaleza humana: si incluso después del pecado es posible rastrear en el hombre la justicia original, esto es, si el hombre pecador es todavía capax Dei. Siguiendo a Suárez se saca a la luz la tentativa de institucionalizar el nexo entre naturaleza/sobrenaturaleza mediante la relación circular entre metafísica y teología: por un lado la metafísica –la scientia transcendens que tiene como objeto propio el concepto generalísimo de ens ut sic y la essentia del ente como aptitudo ad existendum– es la condición de posibilidad noética de la teología ; de otra parte la teología es la secreta condición de posibilidad de la metafísica en su totalidad. En este plexo de problemas se delinea el posible carácter “barroco” de un pensamiento a la vez tardo-escolástico y moderno. (shrink)

Il genere della _medieval crime fiction_ ha preso il volo dall ’ inizio degli anni ’ 80 del secolo scorso, grazie ai romanzi di Ellis Peters e soprattutto di Umberto Eco. Da allora a oggi oltre 150 tra autrici e autori hanno proposto storie di indagine criminale ambientate nel Medioevo. In questo articolo saranno esaminati alcuni casi interessanti che stanno a cavallo tra romanzo storico medievale e _medieval crime fiction_, in cui le autrici o gli autori hanno fatto ricorso a (...) personaggi impegnati a vario titolo nella riflessione filosofica, teologica o medica medievale. Oggetto di analisi saranno in particolare sia le descrizioni del loro aspetto fisico che i rispettivi ruoli attanziali e narrativi. _The genre of _medieval crime fiction_ took off from the beginning of the 1980s, thanks to the novels of Ellis Peters and especially by Umberto Eco. Since then, more than 150 authors have proposed criminal investigation stories set in the Middle Ages. In this article we will examine some interesting cases that straddle medieval historical novel and _medieval crime fiction_, in which the authors have resorted to characters engaged in various capacities in philosophy, theology or medicine. In particular, both the descriptions of their physical aspect and their actantial and narrative roles will be analyzed_. (shrink)

The Islamic contestation of the last twenty years has in many aspects called into question the legitimacy of current juridical systems of supposedly MuslimCountries. Their adoption of another rationality of the law is today a well affirmed process but has left many consequences.In the article we will try to explain in which way the šarî'a, being a religious law, is completely controlled by the usage given to it by the State through the supremacy of the Constitution, its means, institutions and (...) actors. It is therefore a question of the level of its integration into « the law » of various countries with the emphasis on the necessity of change of perspective, where the "secularisation of Islamic law" should rather be regarded as "islamisation of the Positive law", at least when referring to Family law and, above all, when dealing with specific political conditions. (shrink)

Giles of Rome developed his personal positions about signification in general and linguistic signification discussing contemporary and immediately preceding authors’ views, such as Robert Kilwardby’s, Albert the Great’s and probably various authors of the Modistic milieu. In this article, Giles’ positions on signs and linguistic signification will be shortly described, his discussions about homonymy will be linked to contemporary debates, and finally some of Giles’ positions that were discussed, criticized and sometimes misunderstood by later Modists, such as Simon of Faversham, (...) the Anonymous of Prague and Radulphus Brito, in their commentaries on the Sophistical Refutations around the end of XIIIth century, will be commented upon. (shrink)

L'A. esamina la teoria egidiana delle passioni, sviluppata in quattro declarationes in apertura del suo commento al II libro della Retorica. I temi analizzati sono la definizione di passio animae, la distinzione tra la facoltà irascibile e la concupiscibile, le passioni della facoltà concupiscibile e dell'irascibile. Fonte principale e punto costante di riferimento nella trattazione egidiana è la dottrina dell'Aquinate. L'A. mette costantemente a confronto le posizioni dei due filosofi evidenziando i tentativi di Egidio di staccarsi da Tommaso e criticarne (...) la dottrina, in particolare rispetto alla trattazione dell'ira. (shrink)

In his commentaries on Porphyry and Aristotle’s Organon and in his other works, John Duns Scotus shows his knowledge of both the modistic theory of language and the theory of supposition. My contribution sheds some light on the relationship between Scotus’ philosophy of language and the theory of supposition, collecting and commenting on all the passages in which he makes use of it or discusses some theoretical points. I take into special account the almost unknown commentary on the Topics, which (...) is preserved in a Vatican manuscript. (shrink)

The paper deals with the doctrine of time exposed in the De communibus omium rerum naturalium principiis et affectionibus by Benet Perera. What is the nature and status of time? How does time belong or may it belong to the being? Answering these questions and referring to Aristotle, Augustine and Averroes, Perera remarks on the existence of two different traditions in the field of scholastic philosophy: the first tradition underlines the objective reality of time considering it extrinsically and identifying time (...) with movement that is quantitatively measurable; the second tradition states the noetic reality of time considering it intrinsically, i.e. belonging to the mind and its operations. From his own point of view, Perera gives an “ontological” solution to these problems, thinking of the nature of time not only as duration of movement of beings in respect to before and after, but also as intrinsic duration of every existing thing. In this sort of “transcendental” meaning, time is.. (shrink)

The paper focuses on the problematic pattern of the Black Notebooks in a crucial and dramatic period of Heidegger’s course, that is the one between the thirties and the forties of the last century. In particular, Heidegger’s relationship with National Socialism will be outlined and the interpretation of World Judaism and modern Christianity as a figure of nihilism, namely that of fulfilled metaphysics. From the implication of these three elements, the fundamental feature of the Notebooks can thus be found. This (...) critical reconstruction aims to survey the trend, which is widely present in the philosophical literature of the last decades of the XXth century, of a post-metaphysical and post-Christian image of Heidegger’s thought. The paper intends to replace the core of the unsolved tangle of his thought: the broken confrontation with modernity and his clinch with the Cristlichkeit. It could be said that what appeared to be solved to him was the possible future of his presence in the philosophy of our time. (shrink)

The paper aims at reopening a relevant issue into the actual debate about the ‘new realism’, with its critical taking distance from ‘hermeneutical’ perspective of the post-modernism. Against the predominance of the interpretations and socio-cultural constructions of the reality, the new realism strongly underlines the objective ‘truth’ of the world in its not amendable ontological character with respect to conceptual patterns of epistemology. This ‘return’ to the truth takes its distances from the experience of ‘certainty’, still seen as a pre-theoretical (...) way, like a subjective faith as access to reality. Here, instead, I try to demonstrate the essential nexus occurring between truth and certainty, the last one intended as the necessary assent which allows us to perceive the true as it is, also through referring to some crucial moments within history of philosophy . In other words, it is about focusing on the very concept of reality as relationship between the ‘I’ and the world, between real data and our interpretations, avoiding that the firsts could be merely intended in an objectivist sense and the seconds left to the field of bare subjectivity. (shrink)

In the Posterior Analytics Aristotle contrasts demonstrations with syllogisms through signs. In the Prior Analytics he defines a sign as a demonstrative premise. One is thus led to ask: is a sign a demonstration? This book reconstructs the history of the notion of "demonstration through signs" from roughly the third through to the thirteenth century. It examines the work of Aristotle's Greek, Arabic, and Latin commentators, both within and outside the tradition of the Posterior Analytics.

In the course of the long debate on the nature and the classification of signs, from Boethius to Ockham, there are at least three lines of thought: the Stoic heritage, that influences Augustine, Abelard, Francis Bacon; the Aristotelian tradition, stemming from the commentaries on De Interpretatione; the discussion of the grammarians, from Priscian to the Modistae. Modern interpreters are frequently misled by the fact that the various authors regularly used the same terms. Such a homogeneous terminology, however, covers profound theoretical (...) differences. The aim of these essays is to show that the medieval theory of signs does not represent a unique body of semiotic notions: there are diverse and frequently alternative semiotic theories. This book thus represents an attempt to encourage further research on the still unrecognized variety of the semiotic approaches offered by the medieval philosophies of language. (shrink)

The interpretation of the violation of Bell-Clauser-Horne inequalities is revisited, in relation with the notion of extension of QM predictions to unmeasurable correlations. Such extensions are compatible with QM predictions in many cases, in particular for observables with compatibility relations described by tree graphs. This implies classical representability of any set of correlations 〈A i 〉, 〈B〉, 〈A i B〉, and the equivalence of the Bell-Clauser-Horne inequalities to a non void intersection between the ranges of values for the unmeasurable correlation (...) 〈A 1 A 2〉 associated to different choices for B. The same analysis applies to the Hardy model and to the “perfect correlations” discussed by Greenberger, Horne, Shimony and Zeilinger. In all the cases, the dependence of an unmeasurable correlation on a set of variables allowing for a classical representation is the only basis for arguments about violations of locality and causality. (shrink)