Results for 'Brent Staples'

932 found
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  1. Introduction: Defining Decarceration.Brent Staples - 2007 - Social Research: An International Quarterly 74 (2):647-650.
  2.  31
    Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept.Brent Nongbri - 2013 - Yale University Press.
    For much of the past two centuries, religion has been understood as a universal phenomenon, a part of the “natural” human experience that is essentially the same across cultures and throughout history. Individual religions may vary through time and geographically, but there is an element, religion, that is to be found in all cultures during all time periods. Taking apart this assumption, Brent Nongbri shows that the idea of religion as a sphere of life distinct from politics, economics, or (...)
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  3.  49
    Language Reflects “Core” Cognition: A New Theory About the Origin of Cross‐Linguistic Regularities.Brent Strickland - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (6):n/a-n/a.
    The underlying structures that are common to the world's languages bear an intriguing connection with early emerging forms of “core knowledge”, which are frequently studied by infant researchers. In particular, grammatical systems often incorporate distinctions that reflect those made in core knowledge. Here, I argue that this connection occurs because non-verbal core knowledge systematically biases processes of language evolution. This account potentially explains a wide range of cross-linguistic grammatical phenomena that currently lack an adequate explanation. Second, I suggest that developmental (...)
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  4.  63
    What is Christian About Christian Bioethics?Brent Waters - 2005 - Christian Bioethics 11 (3):281-295.
    What is Christian about Christian bioethics? The short answer to this question is that the Incarnation should shape the form and content of Christian bioethics. In explicating this answer it is argued that contemporary medicine is unwittingly embracing and implementing the transhumanist dream of transforming humans into posthumans. Contemporary medicine does not admit that there are any limits in principle to the extent to which it should intervene to improve the quality of human life. This largely inarticulate, yet ambitious, agenda (...)
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  5.  49
    The Ethics of Biomedical ‘Big Data’ Analytics.Brent Mittelstadt - 2019 - Philosophy and Technology 32 (1):17-21.
  6.  91
    The Environmental Argument for Reducing Immigration into the United States.Winthrop Staples & Philip Cafaro - 2009 - Environmental Ethics 31 (1).
  7. Confucianism, Marxism, and Pragmatism: The Intellectual Contexts of Engineering Education in China.Brent Jesiek & Qin Zhu - 2015 - In Byron Newberry, Carl Mitcham, Martin Meganck, Andrew Jamison, Christelle Didier & Steen Hyldgaard Christensen (eds.), International Perspectives on Engineering Education: Engineering Education and Practice in Context. Springer Verlag.
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  8.  69
    Embedding and uniqueness in relational theories of space.Brent Mundy - 1986 - Synthese 67 (3):383 - 390.
  9.  14
    The Concentration-after-Personalisation Index (CAPI): Governing effects of personalisation using the example of targeted online advertising.Brent Mittelstadt, Sandra Wachter, Chris Russell, Fabian Stephany & Johann Laux - 2022 - Big Data and Society 9 (2).
    Firms are increasingly personalising their offers and services, leading to an ever finer-grained segmentation of consumers online. Targeted online advertising and online price discrimination are salient examples of this development. While personalisation's overall effects on consumer welfare are expectably ambiguous, it can lead to concentration in the distribution of advertising and commercial offers. Constellations are possible in which a market is generally open to competition, but the targeted consumer is only made aware of one possible seller. For the consumer, such (...)
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  10. The ethics of algorithms: mapping the debate.Brent Mittelstadt, Patrick Allo, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Sandra Wachter & Luciano Floridi - 2016 - Big Data and Society 3 (2):2053951716679679.
    In information societies, operations, decisions and choices previously left to humans are increasingly delegated to algorithms, which may advise, if not decide, about how data should be interpreted and what actions should be taken as a result. More and more often, algorithms mediate social processes, business transactions, governmental decisions, and how we perceive, understand, and interact among ourselves and with the environment. Gaps between the design and operation of algorithms and our understanding of their ethical implications can have severe consequences (...)
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  11. Explaining Explanations in AI.Brent Mittelstadt - forthcoming - FAT* 2019 Proceedings 1.
    Recent work on interpretability in machine learning and AI has focused on the building of simplified models that approximate the true criteria used to make decisions. These models are a useful pedagogical device for teaching trained professionals how to predict what decisions will be made by the complex system, and most importantly how the system might break. However, when considering any such model it’s important to remember Box’s maxim that "All models are wrong but some are useful." We focus on (...)
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  12.  61
    Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution.Brent Berlin & Paul Kay - 1991 - Center for the Study of Language and Information.
    The work reported in this monograph was begun in the winter of 1967 in a graduate seminar at Berkeley. Many of the basic data were gathered by members of the seminar and the theoretical framework presented here was initially developed in the context of the seminar discussions. Much has been discovered since1969, the date of original publication, regarding the psychophysical and neurophysical determinants of universal, cross-linguistic constraints on the shape of basic color lexicons, and something, albeit less, can now also (...)
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  13.  19
    Suffering and the dilemmas of pediatric care: a response to Tyler Tate.Brent Michael Kious - 2023 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 44 (3):249-258.
    In a recent article, Tyler Tate argues that the suffering of children — especially children with severe cognitive impairments — should be regarded as the antithesis of flourishing, where flourishing is relative to one’s individual characteristics and essentially involves receiving care from others. Although initially persuasive, Tate’s theory is ambiguous in several ways, leading to significant conceptual problems. By identifying flourishing with receiving care, Tate raises questions about the importance of care that he does not address, giving rise to a (...)
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  14.  18
    Republican States Bolstered Their Health Insurance Rate Review Programs Using Incentives From the Affordable Care Act.Brent D. Fulton, Ann Hollingshead, Pinar Karaca-Mandic & Richard M. Scheffler - 2015 - Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52:004695801560416.
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  15.  11
    The Sociotechnical Boundaries of Hardware and Software: A Humpty Dumpty History.Brent K. Jesiek - 2006 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 26 (6):497-509.
    This article traces the historical development of the boundaries around computer software and hardware. On one hand, the author documents ongoing discussions about the technical equivalence of hardware and software. On the other hand, he accounts for the stubborn persistence of these terms as markers for two distinct spheres of technology, knowledge, and practice. By using theoretical concepts such as “boundary work” and “coproduction,” the author argues that ongoing efforts to negotiate the boundaries between hardware and software are significantly “sociotechnical” (...)
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  16. Experimenter Philosophy: the Problem of Experimenter Bias in Experimental Philosophy.Brent Strickland & Aysu Suben - 2012 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 3 (3):457-467.
    It has long been known that scientists have a tendency to conduct experiments in a way that brings about the expected outcome. Here, we provide the first direct demonstration of this type of experimenter bias in experimental philosophy. Opposed to previously discovered types of experimenter bias mediated by face-to-face interactions between experimenters and participants, here we show that experimenters also have a tendency to create stimuli in a way that brings about expected outcomes. We randomly assigned undergraduate experimenters to receive (...)
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  17. Proof That Knowledge Entails Truth.Brent G. Kyle - 2024 - Journal of Philosophy 121 (10):568-591.
    Despite recent controversies surrounding the principle that knowledge entails truth (KT), this paper aims to prove that the principle is true. It offers a proof of (KT) in the following sense. It advances a deductively valid argument for (KT), whose premises are, by most lights, obviously true. Moreover, each premise is buttressed by at least two supporting arguments. And finally, all premises and supporting arguments can be rationally accepted by people who don’t already accept (KT).
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  18.  56
    Critical rationalism and engineering: ontology.Mark Staples - 2014 - Synthese 191 (10):2255-2279.
    Engineering is often said to be ‘scientific’, but the nature of knowledge in engineering is different to science. Engineering has a different ontological basis—its theories address different entities and are judged by different criteria. In this paper I use Popper’s three worlds ontological framework to propose a model of engineering theories, and provide an abstract logical view of engineering theories analogous to the deductive-nomological view of scientific theories. These models frame three key elements from definitions of engineering: requirements, designs of (...)
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  19.  29
    On the Use and Abuse of Foucault for Politics.Brent Pickett - 2005 - Lexington Books.
    On the Use and Abuse of Foucault for Politics provides an accessible interpretation of Foucault's political philosophy, demonstrating how Foucault is relevant for contemporary democratic theory. Brent Pickett lays out an overview of Foucault's politics, including a comprehensive overview of the reasons for various conflicting interpretations, and then explores how well the different "Foucaults" can be used in progressive politics and democratic theory.
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  20.  58
    Autonomy and Values: Why the Conventional Theory of Autonomy is Not Value-Neutral.Brent M. Kious - 2015 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 22 (1):1-12.
    One of the most widely accepted views in bioethics is that paternalistic interference in others’ self-regarding decisions is justified only if those decisions are not autonomous. Typically, a decision is autonomous if and only if it satisfies certain psychological criteria. Namely, it must be competent and also voluntary. This latter criterion means, roughly, that the agent herself decided without being controlled or unduly influenced by other persons or impersonal forces, in light her own values.The modern locus classicus of this idea (...)
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  21.  21
    Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI.Brent Mittelstadt - 2019 - Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (11):501-507.
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  22.  42
    Event completion: Event based inferences distort memory in a matter of seconds.Brent Strickland & Frank Keil - 2011 - Cognition 121 (3):409-415.
  23.  62
    Species Concepts: A Case for Pluralism.Brent D. Mishler & M. J. Donoghue - 1982 - Systematic Zoology 31:491-503.
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  24.  26
    Can Cognitive Psychology Account for Metacognitive Functions of Mind?Brent Slife - 1987 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 8 (2).
  25.  29
    (1 other version)Decision-Making Capacity and Unusual Beliefs: Two Contentious Cases: Australasian Association of Bioethics and Health Law John McPhee Student Essay Prize 2016.Brent Hyslop - 2017 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 14 (3):439-444.
    Decision-making capacity is a vital concept in law, ethics, and clinical practice. Two legal cases where capacity literally had life and death significance are NHS Trust v Ms T [2004] and Kings College Hospital v C [2015]. These cases share another feature: unusual beliefs. This essay will critically assess the concept of capacity, particularly in relation to the unusual beliefs in these cases. Firstly, the interface between capacity and unusual beliefs will be examined. This will show that the “using and (...)
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  26. The ethics of big data: current and foreseeable issues in biomedical contexts.Brent Daniel Mittelstadt & Luciano Floridi - 2016 - Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (2):303–341.
    The capacity to collect and analyse data is growing exponentially. Referred to as ‘Big Data’, this scientific, social and technological trend has helped create destabilising amounts of information, which can challenge accepted social and ethical norms. Big Data remains a fuzzy idea, emerging across social, scientific, and business contexts sometimes seemingly related only by the gigantic size of the datasets being considered. As is often the case with the cutting edge of scientific and technological progress, understanding of the ethical implications (...)
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  27. Individuality, pluralism, and the phylogenetic species concept.Brent D. Mishler & Robert N. Brandon - 1987 - Biology and Philosophy 2 (4):397-414.
    The concept of individuality as applied to species, an important advance in the philosophy of evolutionary biology, is nevertheless in need of refinement. Four important subparts of this concept must be recognized: spatial boundaries, temporal boundaries, integration, and cohesion. Not all species necessarily meet all of these. Two very different types of pluralism have been advocated with respect to species, only one of which is satisfactory. An often unrecognized distinction between grouping and ranking components of any species concept is necessary. (...)
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  28.  84
    How to Shape a Better Future? Epistemic Difficulties for Ethical Assessment and Anticipatory Governance of Emerging Technologies.Brent Daniel Mittelstadt, Bernd Carsten Stahl & N. Ben Fairweather - 2015 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18 (5):1027-1047.
    Empirical research into the ethics of emerging technologies, often involving foresight studies, technology assessment or application of the precautionary principle, raises significant epistemological challenges by failing to explain the relative epistemic status of contentious normative claims about future states. This weakness means that it is unclear why the conclusions reached by these approaches should be considered valid, for example in anticipatory ethical assessment or governance of emerging technologies. This paper explains and responds to this problem by proposing an account of (...)
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  29. Homosexuality.Brent Pickett - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  30.  28
    Should older people ever be discharged from hospital at night?Brent Hyslop - 2022 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 19 (3):445-450.
    The discharge of older people from hospital at night is a topical and emotive issue that has recently gained media attention in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, including calls to prevent it occurring. With growing pressures on hospital capacity and ageing populations, normative aspects of hospital discharge are increasingly relevant. This paper therefore addresses the question: Should older people (say, over eighty years old) ever be discharged home from hospital during the night? Or given safety concerns, should regulation against (...)
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  31.  33
    Reiterated problem solving in neoliberal and counter-neoliberal shifts: the case of Bolivia’s hydrocarbon sector.Brent Z. Kaup - 2015 - Theory and Society 44 (5):445-470.
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  32.  10
    Three Grand Narratives: Historical Links Between Forms of Economic Life and Religion.Brent Ranalli - 2012 - Maritain Studies/Etudes Maritainiennes 28:33-46.
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  33.  34
    Cultural Therapeutics.Brent Dean Robbins - 2008 - Janus Head 10 (2):415-423.
    This paper aims to extend Romanshyn's reading of van den Berg's metabletics as a process of recovering metaphoricity. Drawing upon research in contemporary cognitive linguistics, metabletics can be recast in terms of a process of re-metaphorization that requires a repeated sequence of stages. Initially a collective figuration exists in the culture as a form of negative metonymy, which serves the function of concealing a latent and taken-for-granted cultural meaning. By transforming the figuration from a form of negative metonymy to positive (...)
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  34. Schreber's soul-voluptuousness: Mysticism, madness and the feminine in schreber's memoirs.Brent Dean Robbins - 2000 - Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 31 (2):117-154.
    Freud's 1911 case study based on Schreber's Memoirs of My Nervous Illness provides the investigator with the opportunity to reexamine Freud's interpretation through a return to the original data Freud used. This study reveals both the insights and limitations of Freud's theory of paranoia. An alternative interpretation of the case is overed from an existential-phenomenological perspective which aims both to expand upon and transform Freud's study without negating its value. Freud draws on the mythologies of the sun to argue for (...)
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  35. Are discourse communities incommensurable in a fragmented psychology? The possibility of disciplinary coherence.Brent D. Slife - 2000 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 21 (3):261-272.
    The question of incommensurability is an overlooked issue that has profound consequences for our ability to understand relationships and utilize common standards for comparison, contrast, and evaluation in psychology. Are the differences among discourse communities so deep that there is no common "commensurate" &emdash; no common measuring stick for making comparisons among communities? If so, then the community of communities, the discipline of psychology, has no way to compare competing knowledge claims, and no way to effect disciplinary unity and coherence. (...)
     
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  36.  20
    Time, information, and determinism in psychology.Brent D. Slife - 2002 - In Harald Atmanspacher & Robert Bishop (eds.), Between Chance and Choice: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Determinism. Thorverton UK: Imprint Academic. pp. 469--484.
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  37.  16
    Invitation to The Dance: Hanal Pixan and the Anthesteria.Blaise D. Staples - 2004 - Arion 12 (2):105-126.
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  38. Ultimates as paradoxical limits in christian ecumenical science.Dp Staples - 1995 - Ultimate Reality and Meaning 18 (2):139-150.
     
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  39. Foreword.Brent J. Steele - 2022 - In Kate Schick & Claire Timperley (eds.), Subversive pedagogies: radical possibility in the academy. New York, NY: Routledge.
     
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  40. Criminal Law in the Old Testament : Homicide, the Problem of Mens Rea, and God.Brent A. Strawn - 2020 - In Mark Hill & Norman Doe (eds.), Christianity and Criminal Law. New York: Routledge.
     
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  41.  12
    Why Should the Church Support Scientific and Technical Education?Brent Waters - 1987 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 7 (1-2):106-108.
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  42.  72
    Critical rationalism and engineering: methodology.Mark Staples - 2015 - Synthese 192 (1):337-362.
    Engineering deals with different problem situations than science, and theories in engineering are different to theories in science. So, the growth of knowledge in engineering is also different to that in science. Nonetheless, methodological issues in engineering epistemology can be explored by adapting frameworks already established in the philosophy of science. In this paper I use critical rationalism and Popper’s three worlds framework to investigate error elimination and the growth of knowledge in engineering. I discuss engineering failure arising from the (...)
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  43. Is open-mindedness truth-conducive?Brent Madison - 2019 - Synthese 196 (5):2075-2087.
    What makes an intellectual virtue a virtue? A straightforward and influential answer to this question has been given by virtue-reliabilists: a trait is a virtue only insofar as it is truth-conducive. In this paper I shall contend that recent arguments advanced by Jack Kwong in defence of the reliabilist view are good as far as they go, in that they advance the debate by usefully clarifying ways in how best to understand the nature of open-mindedness. But I shall argue that (...)
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  44. The metaphysics of quantity.Brent Mundy - 1987 - Philosophical Studies 51 (1):29 - 54.
    A formal theory of quantity T Q is presented which is realist, Platonist, and syntactically second-order (while logically elementary), in contrast with the existing formal theories of quantity developed within the theory of measurement, which are empiricist, nominalist, and syntactically first-order (while logically non-elementary). T Q is shown to be formally and empirically adequate as a theory of quantity, and is argued to be scientifically superior to the existing first-order theories of quantity in that it does not depend upon empirically (...)
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  45.  74
    Self-Efficacy as an Intrapersonal Predictor for Internal Whistleblowing: A US and Canada Examination.Brent R. MacNab & Reginald Worthley - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 79 (4):407-421.
    Examining intrapersonal factors theorized to influence ethics reporting decisions, the relation of self-efficacy as a predictor of propensity for internal whistleblowing is investigated within a US and Canadian multi-regional context. Over 900 professionals from a total of nine regions in Canada and the US participated. Self-efficacy was found to influence participant reported propensity for internal whistleblowing consistently in both the US and Canada. Seasoned participants with greater management and work experience demonstrated higher levels of self-efficacy while gender was also found (...)
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  46.  8
    Feeling the future of eyewitness research.Brent M. Wilson, Travis M. Seale-Carlisle & Melissa F. Colloff - 2024 - Cognition 251 (C):105879.
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  47.  8
    Integrating pastoral care and appreciative inquiry for sex trafficking survivors: A framework for healing.Brent V. Frieslaar & Maake J. Masango - 2024 - HTS Theological Studies 80 (3):7.
    Integrating appreciative inquiry (AI) and pastoral care may help address the complex issues of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. This article explores the benefits of incorporating AI principles into pastoral care for survivors of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking involve exploitation, degradation, and violence, making them complex issues. By understanding the sex trade, we can recognise that prostitution is an act of exploitation. Some scholars believe that prostitution and human trafficking are interconnected, with (...)
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  48.  37
    Language Reflects “Core” Cognition: A New Theory About the Origin of Cross-Linguistic Regularities.Brent Strickland - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (1):70-101.
    The underlying structures that are common to the world's languages bear an intriguing connection with early emerging forms of “core knowledge” (Spelke & Kinzler, 2007), which are frequently studied by infant researchers. In particular, grammatical systems often incorporate distinctions (e.g., the mass/count distinction) that reflect those made in core knowledge (e.g., the non-verbal distinction between an object and a substance). Here, I argue that this connection occurs because non-verbal core knowledge systematically biases processes of language evolution. This account potentially explains (...)
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  49. Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review.Brent Mittelstadt - 2017 - Ethics and Information Technology 19 (3):1-19.
    The internet of things is increasingly spreading into the domain of medical and social care. Internet-enabled devices for monitoring and managing the health and well-being of users outside of traditional medical institutions have rapidly become common tools to support healthcare. Health-related internet of things (H-IoT) technologies increasingly play a key role in health management, for purposes including disease prevention, real-time tele-monitoring of patient’s functions, testing of treatments, fitness and well-being monitoring, medication dispensation, and health research data collection. H-IoT promises many (...)
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  50. The Ethical Implications of Personal Health Monitoring.Brent Mittelstadt - 2014 - International Journal of Technoethics 5 (2):37-60.
    Personal Health Monitoring (PHM) uses electronic devices which monitor and record health-related data outside a hospital, usually within the home. This paper examines the ethical issues raised by PHM. Eight themes describing the ethical implications of PHM are identified through a review of 68 academic articles concerning PHM. The identified themes include privacy, autonomy, obtrusiveness and visibility, stigma and identity, medicalisation, social isolation, delivery of care, and safety and technological need. The issues around each of these are discussed. The system (...)
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