In Posner & Raichle's (1994) book, two essential and strictly related limitations of cognitive neurophysiology are not sufficiently enhanced: (1) The problem of “coding,” namely the capability of a natural brain to redefine its own “basic symbols” as a function of a changing environment; (2) the inadequacy of a Hebbian rule to reckon with complex computational problems such as those solved by real brains.

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of past traumatic war experiences on preadolescents in the Gaza Strip, which could be useful for psychological intervention with current and future child victims. Participants were 521 preadolescents from United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) schools, aged 11 and 13 years old. Sections I to IV from Iraqi Version-Arabic of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess trauma experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress (...) Disorder (PTSD). The results show that the preadolescents in the Gaza Strip witnessed the destruction of their homes and the murder of family members and friends. A quarter of the individuals assessed either suffered torture or witnessed others undergoing it, including sexual assaults. Almost half of them experienced a lack of food and clean water. The traumatic and torture experiences seriously affected preadolescents’ mental health as 26.29% met criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD. The data analysis revealed two PTSD modalities, with the severity of impact depending on whether social implications were involved. Further research is required to check whether these two modalities fit to PTSD and complex PTSD. Understanding the effects of past wars on preadolescents in Gaza and distinguishing between different PTSD types could enhance comprehension of the impacts of current attacks on child victims. It can also aid in determining the type of intervention needed to minimize the impact on the mental health of Palestinian youth, enhancing their resilience through psychological and social support. (shrink)

The aims of the present study were to analyse people’s natural ability to discriminate between true and false statements provided by people with intellectual disability (IQTRUE = 62.00, SD = 10.07; IQFALSE = 58.41, SD = 8.42), and the differentiating characteristics of such people’s statements using criteria-based content analysis (CBCA). Thirty-three people assessed 16 true statements and 13 false statements using their normal abilities. Two other evaluators trained in CBCA evaluated the same statements. The natural evaluators differentiated between true and (...) false statements with somewhat above-chance accuracy, even though error rate was high (38.19%). That lay participants could not effectively discriminate between false and true statements demonstrates that such assessments cannot be considered useful in a forensic context. The CBCA technique did discriminate at a better level than intuitive judgements. However, of the 19 criteria, only one significantly discriminated. More procedures specifically adapted to the abilities of people with intellectual disabilities are thus required. The presence of structured production, quantity of details, characteristics details and unexpected complications increased the probability that a statement would be considered true by non-expert evaluators. The classification made by the non-expert evaluators was independent of the participants’ IQ. A big data analysis is performed in search for better classification quality. (shrink)

The present study aimed to analyze the stability of the memory of a stressful event (medical examination within a hospital setting) over time in young people (age range 12 to 21, Mage = 15.11 years old, SD = 3.047) with mild or moderate intellectual disability (IQ = 54.32, SD = 13.47). The results show a stability of the memory of what happened an hour and a week after the event in relation to the people involved, the apparatus used, and the (...) parts of the body explored. No interaction effects were found between the stability of memory over time and the level of intellectual disability. The level of disability (mild or moderate) only affected the description of the doctor who performed the exploration and the explored parts of the body, showing better results for people with mild disability. In addition, the results highlight the relationship between memory and IQ, especially verbal IQ. (shrink)

At present, the concept of «social class» is in a pauperized cultural state, fully integrated within political channels that are unfavorable to its identification, understanding and acceptance. As it has been defined in two previous works by the present author, the concept can only be associated with territorially undelimited and specialized societies, originated in postindustrial western Europe, under a division of labor based on productive objectives rather than professional roles. The notion of «social class» is nowadays subsumed within the communicative (...) peculiarities channeled by the ruling class, so that it has been practically abolished from the mass communicative scene. Given this social conjuncture, which deeply affects both its academic and popular conception, the present research intends to offer a critical and final vision, after the two previous works, of its contemporary sense. First of all, the pauperization and collapse of the concept will be addressed, to later expose the reasons that make social classes perpetual and, finally, to delineate its role within the world-system as it was defined in the second half of the twentieth century. (shrink)

In this paper we show that the prime ideal space of an MV-algebra is the disjoint union of prime ideal spaces of suitable local MV-algebras. Some special classes of algebras are defined and their spaces are investigated. The space of minimal prime ideals is studied as well.

Considering that some university-based principal preparation programmes may not be properly training principals for leadership roles, “grow your own” leadership development programmes have become more popular across the US. This study provides a contribution to previous research in terms of the specific components a district leadership development programme may incorporate into its curriculum in order to positively influence school principals’ effectiveness as school leaders. A purposeful sample of second-, third- and fourth-year campus principals working in a large urban school district (...) in the south-west region of the US who had participated in their district’s leadership development programme were administered the Principal Effectiveness Survey and participated in semi-structured interviews to examine the influence of the programme on the participants’ effectiveness as leaders. Survey results indicated that principals consider training activities related to human capital, executive leadership, s... (shrink)

Since Darwin proposed that human musicality evolved through sexual selection, empirical evidence has supported intersexual selection as one of the adaptive functions of artistic propensities. However, intrasexual competition has been overlooked. We tested their relative importance by investigating the relationship between the self-perceived talent/expertise in 16 artistic and 2 sports modalities and proxies of intersexual selection and intrasexual competition in heterosexuals. Participants were 82 Brazilian men, 166 Brazilian women, 146 Czech men, and 458 Czech women. Factor analysis revealed five factors: (...) Literary-arts, Visual-arts, Musical-arts, Circus-arts, and Sports. Multivariate General Linear Model showed more associations of the arts to intersexual selection in women and to intrasexual selection in men, and overall more relationships in women than in men. In women, literary and musical-arts were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selections proxies, visual and circus-arts were related to elevated intersexual selection proxies, and sports were related to intrasexual selection proxies. In men, literary-arts and sports were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selection proxies, musical-arts were related to intrasexual proxies, and circus-arts were related to intersexual proxies; visual-arts did not have predictors. Although present in both sexes, each sexual selection component has different relative importance in each sex. Artisticality functions to attract and maintain long/short-term partners, and to compete with mating rivals. (shrink)

Entre los filósofos contemporáneos que más han hecho por el desarrollo y la consolidación académica de la historia del pensamiento español, destaca la figura de José Luis Abellán. Este libro, escrito por algunos de los más importantes especialistas en esta disciplina, pretende clarificar críticamente la obra de Abellán y recorrer algunos de los temas a los que mayor relevancia ha concedido el autor de la vasta e imprescindible "Historia crítica del pensamiento español". El erasmismo, el mito de Cristo, la generación (...) del 98, Ortega y Gasset y sus discípulos o el exilio del siglo veinte, son algunos de los temas abordados por los autores del libro, y sobre los que José Luis Abellán nos ha ofrecido artículos y monografías imprescindibles para conocer la historia de la filosofía española. (shrink)

We obtain in this paper a representation of the formulae of extensions ofL by generalized quantifiers through functors between categories of first-order structures and partial isomorphisms. The main tool in the proofs is the back-and-forth technique. As a corollary we obtain the Caicedo's version of Fraïssés theorem characterizing elementary equivalence for such languages. We also discuss informally some geometrical interpretations of our results.

Although Ejzenštejn never writes about the ontology of cinema as such, the fundamental traits of such an ontology may be reconstructed by analysing some of the recurrent ideas that reappear throughout his large body of writings, from the essays on montage written during the 1920s, to the unfinished book projects of Metod (1932-48), Montage (1937), Nonindifferent Nature (1945-47), all the way up to the still unpublished notes for a General History of Cinema which he wrote in 1947-48. Throughout these writings (...) cinema emerges as a medium based on montage whose goal is that of activating, emotionally and intellectually, the spectator. In order to pursue this goal, all the elements of the cinematic dispositif may be modified, and the most effective forms of montage disseminated throughout the history of the arts have to be located, analyzed, and taken as examples for the cinema of the future. Cinema thus emerges as a medium which is at the same time unstable (since its features may be modified at will) and diffused (since the principle of montage does not constitute its medium specificity but is rather a principle which manifests itself throughout the entire spectrum of media). (shrink)

Le “due nuove scienze” a cui si riferisce il titolo di questo pioneristica opera di Galileo sono oggi note come Meccanica dei materiali e Meccanica del corpo rigido (o Meccanica Classica). In accordo con il suo indomito desiderio di ricerca e perfezione, Galileo progettava di estendere quest’opera con ulteriori questioni e argomenti. In questo articolo si analizzano I contenuti scientifici e filosofici della “prima giornata” di questa, ingiustamente, non molto nota opera, con dovizia di commenti relativi allo stimolante dialogo tra (...) i vari personaggi. (shrink)

Résumé Dans cet article, Toni Negri cherche à définir la façon dont se pose l’Europe à l’intérieur du processus constitutif du gouvernement impérial global. Pour ce faire il aborde successivement - par le haut - les schèmes constitutifs de la constitution européenne, pour analyser ensuite - par le bas-les tactiques constitutionnelles de mouvement et pour conclure il aborde les problèmes autour desquels il est immédiatement possible de faire ensemble l’Europe et le mouvement politique et social.

Parmi les effets les plus importants de l’impact actuel des technologies d’IA sur les images et la culture visuelle il y a une réorganisation profonde des liens entre images et mots, entre le visible et le dicible : ce qui peut être vu et ce qui peut être dit. L’article analyse les causes et les enjeux de cette réorganisation, en soulignant le fait que le langage devient aujourd’hui un nouveau médium pour la production et la modification d’images, qu’on peut considérer (...) les prompts comme des nouveaux actes de langage et comme une forme d’« ekphrasis opératoire » et de « remédiation » des médias visuels et de leur histoire. Il souligne aussi le rôle fondamental joué par les « espaces latents » des modèles d’IA générative ( text-to-image et text-to-video ) en formulant dans la conclusion l’hypothèse qu’on puisse les considérer comme une nouvelle forme d’a priori historique. (shrink)

L'attualita e un compito che non si puo evitare; non si puo non essere attuali, non stare dove si e.

El cruce entre dos tradiciones intelectuales sin una clara trayectoria común es el punto de partida de los artículos que componen el presente volumen. Este aborda el complejo diálogo del marxismo -en su doble faz de teoría crítica y práctica- y la hermenéutica, la disciplina centrada en la interpretación. El libro está articulado en dos partes. En la primera, titulada "Tradiciones marxistas ante la hermenéutica," se aborda un conjunto de importantes autores y discusiones que, desde dentro del marxismo, lo problematizan (...) como perspectiva hermenéutica. La segunda parte, titulada "Problemáticas (pos)marxistas y la hermenéutica," analiza algunas categorías de la tradición marxista frente a ciertos aspectos políticos y culturales claves de la sociedad contemporánea: los derechos de autor, la cultura de masas, los nuevos medios de comunicación, el populismo o las crisis del capitalismo. La lupa roja será un volumen de interés para todos aquellos que, en las humanidades y ciencias sociales, perciben en la compleja coyuntura actual un profundo reto interpretativo al que no podemos hacer frente sin lo mejor del marxismo y la hermenéutica.Blanca Fernández García se doctoró en la Universidad de Granada en Teoría literaria y Literatura comparada (2015). Su tesis analiza la propuesta hermenéutica del historiador italiano Carlo Ginzburg conocida como "paradigma indiciario" y su repercusión en la hermenéutica literaria. Ha participado en los proyectos de investigación "El problema de la interpretación literaria" (2010-2011) y "Actualidad de la hermenéutica" (2014-2018) en el marco de los cuales ha publicado algunos artículos sobre hermenéutica literaria e historiografía y sobre los vínculos entre los géneros novela e historia. Actualmente es profesora de Lengua española en la Universidad de Bolonia (Italia).Antonio Gómez L-Quiñones se doctoró en las universidades de Granada (2003) y Colorado (2005), y realizó posteriormente estudios de postdoctorales en la Escuela de Crítica y Teoría (Cornell University) y en la European Graduate School (Suiza). Actualmente trabaja como profesor titular de literatura española y literatura comparada en Dartmouth College. Sus áreas de investigación son las relaciones entre filosofía y literatura, el marxismo europeo, estética (lo sublime), memoria histórica y la crisis del neoliberalismo. (shrink)