The article talks about the postmodern education system, its focus on the modernization of distance learning in connection with quarantine, which requires new integration approaches to the organization and content of the educational process in higher education institutions. Innovative pedagogical technologies of distance learning are analyzed, in particular, the essence of inverted learning technology is described. A systematic approach to the integration processes in postmodern education as a result of the search for new innovations and the organization of distance learning (...) as a universal and most humanistic form of learning, which initiates multivariate strategies for the innovation process in the hyperspace of European education and cultivates the integration of educational values. The author's ideas on creating optimal conditions for the adaptation of a particular applicant for higher education to the requirements of the distance learning and professional environment with an innovative information technology system are substantiated. The optimal conditions for the information-technological system of activating interactive communication of all participants of the educational process not only of a certain university, but also outside it, thanks to Smart-learning are determined. Innovative changes in personnel management of postmodern education as the main factor of effective strategy of management of distance learning, capable to be provided only by competitive teachers with a high level of display of creativity in professional skill are outlined. Algorithms of optimal actions of personnel management on introduction of innovative technologies of distance learning in the conditions of quarantine taking into account prevention of conflicts and crisis states at participants of educational process in the conditions of pandemics and unexpected educational changes are developed. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that Dewey’s ultimate solution to the mind-body problem is grounded not in his emergentist metaphysics per se but rather in his metametaphysical qualitative naturalism. The latter precedes Dewey’s emergent theory of mind, as postulated in his Experience and Nature. Thus, Dewey’s emergentism is rather a consequence of his qualitative naturalism. As such, Dewey’s ultimate metametaphysical solution to the mind-body problem precedes his emergentist metaphysics, and not vice versa. The essence of Dewey’s qualitative naturalism can be (...) captured in a maxim “Quality first, quantity second!” which is an alternative to Galileo’s quantitative naturalism with the maxim “Quantity first, quality second!”. (shrink)

A rational defense of the criminal law must provide a comprehensive theory of culpability. A comprehensive theory of culpability must resolve several difficult issues; in this article I will focus on only one. The general problem arises from the lack of a systematic account of relative culpability. An account of relative culpability would identify and defend a set of considerations to assess whether, why, under what circumstances, and to what extent persons who perform a criminal act with a given culpable (...) state are more or less blameworthy than persons who perform that act with a different culpable state. (shrink)

This book argues that ignorance of law should usually be a complete excuse from criminal liability. It defends this conclusion by invoking two presumptions: first, the content of criminal law should conform to morality; second, mistakes of fact and mistakes of law should be treated symmetrically.

Husak's primary goal is to defend a set of constraints to limit the authority of states to enact and enforce criminal offenses. In addition, Husak situates this endeavor in criminal theory as traditionally construed. This book urges the importance of this topic in the real world, while most Anglo-American legal philosophers have neglected it.

In this article I examine one condition a minimalist theory of criminalization might contain: the criminal law should be used only as a last resort. I discuss how this principle should be interpreted and the reasons we have to accept it. I conclude that a theory of criminalization should probably include the (appropriately construed) last resort principle. But this conclusion will prove disappointing to those who hope to employ this principle to bring about fundamental reform in the substantive criminal law. (...) I argue that the last resort principle may not help to reverse the growth of the criminal law to any degree that could not be achieved more directly and less controversially by other principles that a theory of criminalization is generally thought to include. Unless we reject others parts of conventional wisdom about crime and punishment, the application of a last resort principle is unlikely to bring about sweeping changes that theorists might have anticipated. (shrink)

I describe how our understanding of some of the central principles long held dear by most criminal theorists may have to be interpreted in light of the need to devise lenient responses for low-level offenders. Several of the most plausible suggestions for how to deal with minor infractions force us to take seriously some ideas that many legal philosophers have tended to resist elsewhere. I briefly touch upon four topics: whether informal can substitute for or count against the appropriate state (...) sanction; the significance of repeat offending for sentencing; whether punishment for culpable public wrongdoing has intrinsic value; and the scope of police powers in a liberal democratic state. The context for this discussion is R. A. Duff’s insightful examination of whether and under what conditions we should criminalize a public wrong or respond to it in some other manner. (shrink)

У статті визначено основні загрози збереження культурної спадщини країн, що виникають при переміщенні їх культурних цінностей через митний кордон. Обґрунтовано, що для України такими загрозами є: а) відсутність нормативно-правових актів, які б регулювали питання проведення митного контролю за ввезенням культурних цінностей в Україну; б) відсутність системи розрізнення культурних цінностей та предметів культурного призначення; в) неврегульованість у законодавстві принципів ідентифікації культурних цінностей; г) відсутність спеціалізованого органу, який вирішує питання можливості переміщення культурних цінностей через митний кордон країни; д) невідповідність національного свідоцтва на (...) право вивезення культурних цінностей міжнародним стандартам та встановленим відповідним документам; е) відсутність електронного реєстру виданих свідоцтв на право вивезення культурних цінностей з України; є) слабкість та неефективність організації митного та іншого видів контролю за ввезенням культурних цінностей, що сприяє розвитку нелегального ринку культурних цінностей та використання України як транзитної території. Проаналізовано заходи Інтерполу, ЮНЕСКО та Міжнародної ради музеїв щодо боротьби із незаконним обігом культурних цінностей. Здійснено оцінку існуючого порядку переміщення культурних цінностей через митний кордон України та обґрунтовано ймовірні ризики. (shrink)

The article examines Kant’s philosophical legacy with an emphasis on the political and legal plane of the innovative and currently extremely relevant research of the German thinker. In particular, both systematic and historical ways of posing the question of the possibilities of achieving and establishing long-term peace are highlighted. Regarding the historical aspect, two paradigms of Western political and legal thinking are distinguished: Aristotelian and Machiavellian; the first – with an emphasis on values, the second – on pragmatic interest, conditionally (...) speaking, the «confrontational model». It is shown that Kant, among his modern predecessors, was more inclined towards the French spiritual tradition, in particular, to the approaches of J.-J. Rousseau. It is emphasized that for Kant, based on his moral and ethical approaches, the idea of individual freedom is key – it is also relevant for Kant’s research on political and legal issues. It is demonstrated that, interpreting man not only as an inhabitant of the natural world, but also as an inhabitant of the world of free will, Kant interprets freedom as a political category. The peculiarity of Kant’s intellectual efforts aimed at finding a mechanism that would make it possible to prevent wars is emphasized, although the philosopher understood that peace is not a natural human state. It is revealed that the philosopher’s key intention was a call for such a general legal civil state, within the framework of which a state of perpetual peace should be established between all states, while the main hopes were placed on states that profess a republican system and are ready, in particular, to conduct intensive trade with each other. It is noted that this approach of Kant, albeit only locally, was successfully demonstrated in the second half of the twentieth century in Western Europe. Special attention is paid to the so-called «preliminary» articles of Kant and their relevance for modernity is shown, in particular, in the case of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The continuity in the issues of war and peace between Kant and Karl Jaspers is emphasized, thus demonstrating the significance of the Protestant spiritual culture, which is based on the «ethics of responsibility». The correct idea of Kant is also emphasized, according to which, in contrast to countries with a republican form of government, tyrannies and dictatorships, not being accountable to their population, are much more inclined to unleash wars of aggression, therefore, they are, in fact, ready not for «perpetual peace», but for «perpetual war». In this sense, the question of the relationship between different civilizational types, of the «clash of civilizations» has become quite logical. (shrink)

The article explores the fundamental concept of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative in the context of its impact on political theory, moral self-determination, and the problem of the relationship between good and evil. Particular attention is paid to the question «What ought I to do?» from «The Critique of Practical Reason», which Kant examines through the lens of freedom, morality and will. Practical action in Kantian philosophy is interpreted not only as an active deed but also as negation or abstention from (...) action, reflecting a profound inner moral choice. The problem of the a priori nature of good and evil is considered. Kant argues that goodness is not an innate property of a person but requires conscious choice and effort. This idea defines the principle of the moral law as an internal compass that contrasts with societal laws. Special emphasis is placed on Kant’s thesis about the primacy of morality over politics and law, which has become a foundation for the development of liberal-democratic concepts of statehood. The article also analyzes the three formulas of the categorical imperative, which are universal in nature and guide individuals toward actions based on the universality of moral law, respect for humanity as an end, and autonomous legislative will. The transcendental character of the imperative is discussed as a fact that cannot be theoretically proven but is definitive for moral activity. Particular attention is given to Hannah Arendt’s concept of the «banality of evil», formulated during her analysis of the trial of the Nazi criminal Adolf Eichmann. The work examines the thesis that evil is often perpetrated by ordinary people acting under principles of obedience, social conformity and a distorted understanding of moral duty. Evil is interpreted as a refusal to take responsibility through excessive compliance and bureaucratic passivity, which replaces moral choice with adherence to external orders. Additionally, Slavoj Žižek’s theses are analyzed, where he critically examines the concept of the «banality of evil» and highlights the excessive enjoyment some perpetrators derive from executing orders. The article argues that the human choice between moral duty and personal interest is a key factor determining the boundary between good and evil. Overall, the article offers a multidimensional analysis of Kant’s moral and political philosophy and its modern interpretations, emphasizing the complexity of the interaction between freedom, will, morality, and social circumstances. The findings are interdisciplinary, combining ethical, political, and philosophical aspects, allowing for an assessment of the influence of moral principles on political theory, legal systems, and human social behavior. (shrink)

Research into the history of understanding Heidegger's ideas allows to reveal how different thinkers were likely to grasp the specific subjective positions that defined the meaning of philosophizing as a cultural practice posited by modern era of intellectual history. The figure of Heidegger is crucial because it shed light on the more general context of the evolution of philosophizing within the system of scientific knowledge. A clear contrast between scientific rationalism and philosophical thinking, inherent for Heidegger's philosophy, is now hardly (...) perceived within general coordinates of scientific philosophy of the last century, combining directions of phenomenology, Neo-Kantian tradition and positivism. Understanding the nature of synthesis of phenomenological method with the principles of the philosophy of life that formed the core of Heidegger's thought was the point of reference of such thinkers like Edmund Husserl and Ernst Cassirer. The problem of how to reconstruct the contours of delineation between the aforementioned philosophical trends remains relevant today and, as the latter define the contours of contemporary philosophy so that the barriers between different traditions of philosophy only intensified. Heidegger's desire to find premises of philosophizing, deeper than principles for a positivist and phenomenological science, would find support from Neo-Kantian thinkers, who also stood for autonomy of philosophy. But radical ontologism of Heidegger refused any possibility of dialogue. Husserl and Cassirer made critical remarks on ontologization as the leading motive of Heidegger's thought, which gave starting intention to further reception of Heidegger's work. It is ontology of time that has a threat of all consuming relativism and opportunism, since it deprives ethics from opportunities that would not fit the immanent structure of Dasein. Ontology of language fell prey to similar criticism, as Heidegger suggested lingual turn of existential analytics of Dasein. Cassirer in his own philosophy of symbolic forms forsaw the opportunity of linguistic totalization of being and developed his theory of generic symbolic forms. (shrink)

The article presents the postanarchist conceptualization of radical politics. The methodology of this study was a critical analysis and use of historical and philosophical methods, the method of contextualism, the method of discursive analysis. In connection with the intensification of protest movements, including those aimed at combating the omnipotence of the state, the spread of the ideology of anti-globalization is growing theoretical interest in anarchism. Anarchism today is not the only political doctrine. This is a large family of like-minded people, (...) united by hostility to uncontrolled power, distrust of the hierarchy and optimistic belief in the ability of ordinary people to control their lives and organize social relations on the basis of freedom, equality and solidarity. In the framework of the announced “anarchist turn”, anarchism is manifested as the basis of radical policy in recent times. The theoretical foundations of modern anarchism remain poorly understood. Modern political radicalism is based on a certain philosophy, which in a new way substantiates the ideas and actions in the socio-political sphere, aimed at radical change of existing social institutions. This is a philosophy of action, struggle, protest. Postanarchism is seen as a new view of radical politics. The features of philosophical essentialism as the basis of conceptual modeling in classical anarchism are formulated. Postanarchism is presented as a philosophy that avoids essentialism, its tools are analyzed. The connection between the left movement of the 1960s and modern post-capitalist movements is analyzed. Political theory here is further developed, ceases to be abstract, filled with human meaning. Within the framework of the “anarchist turn” there is a gradual destruction of the main stereotypes or narratives about anarchism formed over many years in literature and public opinion. It is proved that the theory of anarchism is constantly evolving and updated over time in order to find solutions to acute social, political and economic problems. The author sees the prospects of post-anarchism in its political philosophy, which has certain values. In the modern era, such a philosophy was supplanted by positivist political science in theory and for the triumph of moral nihilism and relativism in practice. The obtained results allow us to find out what distinguishes modern anarchism as a movement and philosophy from the left movements of the past and the features of the theoretical language of description of the modern protest movement. (shrink)

In the United States today, the use or possession of many drugs is a criminal offense. Can these criminal laws be justified? What are the best reasons to punish or not to punish drug users? These are the fundamental issues debated in this book by two prominent philosophers of law. Douglas Husak argues in favor of drug decriminalization, by clarifying the meaning of crucial terms, such as legalize, decriminalize, and drugs; and by identifying the standards by which alternative drug (...) policies should be assessed. He critically examines the reasons typically offered in favor of our current approach and explains why decriminalization is preferable. Peter de Marneffe argues against drug legalization, demonstrating why drug prohibition, especially the prohibition of heroin, is necessary to protect young people from self-destructive drug use. If the empirical assumptions of this argument are sound, he reasons, drug prohibition is perfectly compatible with our rights to liberty. (shrink)

This important book was the first serious work of philosophy to address the question: Do adults have a moral right to use drugs for recreational purposes? Many critics of the 'war on drugs' denounce law enforcement as counterproductive and ineffective. Douglas Husak argues that the 'war on drugs' violates the moral rights of adults who want to use drugs for pleasure, and that criminal laws against such use are incompatible with moral rights. This is not a polemical tract but (...) a scrupulously argued work of philosophy that takes full account of all available data concerning drug use in the United States today. The author is careful to describe the properties a recreational drug would have to possess before the state would be justified in prohibiting it. Since criminal laws against the use of recreational drugs are justified neither by the harm users cause to themselves nor by the harm users cause to each other, Professor Husak concludes that such laws are, in almost all cases, unjustified. (shrink)

Our drug policy has been widely deemed a failure because the criminalization of drug use has not succeeded in reducing prevalence rates. I contend that the most promising basis to defend the justifiability of drug offenses is to construe them as proxy crimes: offenses designed to prevent the commission of other, more serious crimes. I make a case that many law enforcement officials use drug proscriptions for this purpose in the real world. When construed as proxy crimes, drug prohibitions are (...) less vulnerable to some of the familiar objections brought against their legitimacy. Nonetheless, the justification for punishing those who violate drug proscriptions remains unpersuasive. (shrink)

Lately it has become a commonplace to complain about the injustice of mass incarceration. I share the sentiment that this phenomenon has been an injustice. But it also has become orthodoxy to allege that the acceptance of a retributive penal philosophy has been one of the chief factors that has brought about mass incarceration in the first place. As a self-proclaimed retributivist, I find these allegations to be troubling and unwarranted. The point of this paper is to take steps to (...) rebut them. I begin by making four conceptual points about retributivism. If I am correct, retributivism comes in countless flavors, and the particular variety to which I am most attracted can be applied to show why some punishments should be less severe than those presently imposed. Next I argue that many persons deserve less punishment than our legal system currently inflicts. Reflection about whether perpetrators should be afforded a complete or partial defense reveals retributivism to be less punitive than conventional wisdom would suggest. (shrink)

I challenge the adequacy of David Brink’s “master principle” of culpability. I allege that it fails to account for the moral relevance of ignorance of wrongdoing. I describe three cases in which I believe that Brink’s theory of normative competence cannot account for the significance of a variable that bears on culpability. In most of this paper I attempt to anticipate and reply to the various responses Brink might offer to my challenge.

Reflections on Crime and Culpability seeks to elaborate, extend, and occasionally qualify the insights reached by Larry Alexander and Kim Ferzan in their influential prior collaboration, Crime and Culpability. They deftly explore any number of new issue that all criminal theorists should be encouraged to address. In my essay, I discuss and challenge their positions on omissions as well as on moral ignorance. Their treatment of the latter issue is a clear improvement over that in their earlier book. But their (...) views on omissions suggest to me that they should have had reservations about some of the most fundamental claims of their overarching theory. (shrink)

The issue of gun control is among a growing number of polarizing topics that may seem immune from meaningful compromise and rational debate. Although their intransience may be exaggerated, few citi...

Богословсько-філософське дослідження теми всезагального спасіння піднімає дискусійні питання в області співвідношення вічності й часу, онтології, антропології, ангелології, персоналізму та христології. Повертає у християнське теологічне поле обговорення проблеми джерела та сутності зла, складність трактування вічних пекельних мук та імперативу божественної любові, справедливості, всемогутності та промислу Божого, свободи волі, особистої відповідальності та пам’яті й самоідентичності, що є квінтесенційним, як для теоретичної науки, так і для духовного досвіду. Метою статті є дослідження гострих і невирішених питань концепції всезагального спасіння, спроба відновити науковий дискурс есхатології (...) ісихастської традиції. Завданням – показати Євангельське підґрунтя Новозавітного імперативу Божої любові концепції апокатастасису. Абсолютною новизною є авторське пояснення, як може відбутися всезагальне спасіння на прикладі навернення апостола Павла, називаючи цей феномен Божественним контрнасильством любові, що є діаметрально протилежним насильству людського гніву чи бажанню справедливості, яке основується на помсті. У першому розділі цієї статті аналізується джерельна база дослідників даної теми. У другому розділі автор розвідки показує теологічну та філософську незавершеність аспектів апокатастасису і виявляє недоліки інфернальної концепції з оптики історизму, сучасного богослов’я і традиції ісихазму. Третій розділ присвячений авторській теорії Божественного контрнасильства як одній із можливих форма есхатону. У висновку представлені результати даного дослідження і зроблені наукові інтенції щодо розвитку богословського і філософського дискурсу теми універсалізму й ексклюзивіму. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Meaning of Overcriminalization Why Overcriminalization Is Worrisome Political and Scholarly Causes of Overcriminalization A Normative Theory of Criminalization References.

The article analyzes aspects of the relationship between evolution and biological complexity and the attempts made by scholars and theologians to interpret it within the limits of reductionist scientism or theism. For this purpose, firstly, attention is focused on explaining the meaning of the concept of "evolution" and its historical and philosophical transformation in the context of the idea of complexity. Secondly, the notion of complexity in theology is used as evidence to support teleology. This approach is criticized by some (...) scholars who consider evolution as a random prosses. They give it the status of a universal metaphysical assumption in evolution. The scientists and theologists both formulate metaphysical assumptions differently to interpret evolution. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано концепції мистецького авангарду Петера Бюрґера, Бориса Гройса та Пітера Осборна на предмет виявлення зв’язку між філософською критикою авангарду та обґрунтуванням його історичного статусу. Ці три погляди збігаються щодо предмета, але відмінні у підходах до його трактування. Аналіз та порівняння цих поглядів дають нам змогу простежити зв’язок теорій авангарду, розроблених у працях цих дослідників, з їхнім баченням історії мистецтва. При цьому враховуватиметься як контекст появи та існування окремих історичних напрямів, так і їхній зв’язок із сьогоденням. Шляхом експлікації та (...) порівняння теоретичних підходів було встановлено, що всі три концепції визнають ключове значення концепції інституції мистецтва для рефлексії та саморефлексії авангарду. Особливе місце відведено питанню «автономності» мистецтва та його включеності у соціальні та політичні процеси через інституційність мистецтва, яка визначає статус художника та специфічність прочитання творів. Також приділено увагу змінам соціальної ролі авангарду, як подоланню «автономності» та функціонуванню в безпосередній близькості до суспільної «життєвої» сфери. Проаналізовано темпоральну самостійність авангарду щодо темпоральних режимів модерну та сучасності, як можливість подолання історицистських схем вписування авангарду до історії мистецтва та його розгляду в умовах темпоральної та історичної самостійності. (shrink)

This article analyzes art as type of representation and illuminates the reasons for its vulnerability to external ideological interventions despite proclaimed social autonomy of art. The author proposes and substantiates the assumption that certain types of mediations in the representation structure determine its openness to ideological intervention and political manipulation. An immanent conflict of several representations inside the art as a social institution; art history construction as conceptual basis of art autonomy; collectively produced visual language – it’s all determine the (...) individual perception of artwork and the appropriate nature reproduction of reality. It means that a direct contact between the viewer and the artwork became impossible. Due to this undetermination with the object, art representation gets its interpretation wideness and becomes more vulnerable to external interventions. Ideology influences on the representation’s mental scheme through a link of ontological, semiotic, and institucional mediations, which is inherent for art representation. Therefore political ideology affects formation of visual reality type which consists it constitutes. To substantiate these theses we involved: the theory of representation, the theory of art as a sign system, the “artworld” concept and the institucional theory of art. With the help of critical application of this theories’ conceptual apparate we justified the unique role of mediation and mediators in the art representation structure. The conclusion stats that inherent for artworks vulnerability to ideological influence follows from the essence of art as representation and sums its claims for autonomy. Interpretation is based on schemes which have external origin from the artwork itself, but programming its understanding is in the interests of certain social groups. As a consequence political ideology gets into art in a roundabout way. That is why art became the battlefield of different representation regimes which underlie certain political ideologies. It is a battle for the right to construct reality. Article received 18.08.2019. (shrink)

У статті розглянуто суть та особливості формування глобальної фінансової конкуренції. Проаналізовано сучасні тенденції світового валютного ринку та ринку деривативів у контексті світової фінансової системи. Оцінено динаміку розвитку цих ринків за контрагентами, валютами та валютними парами й фінансовими інструментами. Подано сучасні характеристики "фінансиалізації" та визначено її роль і місце у формуванні й функціонуванні глобального фінансового конкурентного середовища.

According to the modern widespread approaches to the nature of external debt and its effects on economic processes, debt financing is among the distinctive features of the liberalization-oriented world of nowadays. Accordingly, unrestricted capital flows signify orientation at macroeconomic balance, since under the conditions when administrative barriers are absent capital distribution is even and symmetric, enabling leveling of factor prices. Associated with these arguments is a claim that prices of goods and services do not indicate non-negligible fluctuations and a financial (...) system gains economic agents' confidence. This research addresses the issues of the phenomenon of external debt and provides an insight into the U.S. external debt and its effects on both the U.S. and world economy. The findings show that the U.S. external debt is of no considerable threat to the world economy in the short-term, since the peace of the world's economic leader's growth exceeds that of debt servicing expenditures. However, an economic decline may turn the status-quo upside down, since the country may face inability to raise enough funds in time to discharge its financial liabilities, especially to non-residents. (shrink)

Metodolohichni studiï Dmytra Chyz︠h︡evsʹkoho -- Ukraïnsʹka filosofii︠a︡ chy filosofii︠a︡ "na Ukraïni"? -- Dmytro Chyz︠h︡evsʹkyĭ i︠a︡k istoryk rosiĭsʹkoï filosofiï -- Dmytro Chyz︠h︡evsʹkyĭ i︠a︡k heheleznavet︠s︡ʹ.

The article offers an empirical analysis of the ways in which Mexican press portrays Ukraine. To do this, this paper focuses on three major daily newspapers of Mexico, El Universal,La Jornadaand Milenio. The article offers a 12-month long diagnosis of the news, which discloses the agenda of objects and attributes regarding Ukraine. Therefore this study helps to explore the processes and factors that generate media image and communicate it to Mexican society. As far as methodology is concerned, a combination of (...) two aspects was employed in this study. The first was a quantitative analysis of news reports. The second was a qualitative interpretation applied to discover the evaluative undertones of the stories based on content analysis. To this end, all the 689 stories analyzed in this paper are classified as positive, negative and neutral and grouped - according to their topic - into 8 major categories: Economy, Politics, International Relations, Society, Culture, Public Security, Sports and Miscellanea. This study focuses on all the news reports on Ukraine, including those, which briefly mention the country, its territories or people. Moreover, the main findings of the paper were contrasted with the aspirations of communicative strategies of current Ukrainian government in order to understand whether the present image of the country in Mexico is adequate or desirable. Therefore, the analysis clearly indicates the dark and bright sides of country's projection in three analyzed newspapers. All the aforementioned efforts aim at better positioning of Ukraine both in Mexican society and internationally. (shrink)

The work of Martin Heidegger, both in the twentieth and early twentieth centuries, remains the most debated in philosophical discourse, and looking at it through the lens of existential tradition opens up new frontiers for its understanding. This conversation, inspired by the interest in the anthropological issues of the two interlocutors, took place the day after the defense of the doctoral thesis of the historian of philosophy Andrew Dakhni in May 2019, which in itself became a momentous event for national (...) philosophical thought. (shrink)

Does criminal liability require an act? -- Motive and criminal liability -- The costs to criminal theory of supposing that intentions are irrelevant to permissibility -- Transferred intent -- The nature and justifiability of nonconsummate offenses -- Strict liability, justice, and proportionality -- The sequential principle of relative culpability -- Willful ignorance, knowledge, and the equal culpability thesis : a study of the significance of the principle of legality -- Rapes without rapists : consent and reasonable mistake -- Mistake of (...) law and culpability -- On the supposed priority of justification to excuse -- Partial defenses -- The "but everybody does that!" defense -- The de minimis "defense" to criminal liability -- Why punish the deserving -- Malum prohibitum and retributivism -- Already punished enough. (shrink)

This volume collects 17 of Douglas Husak's influential essays in criminal law theory. The essays span Husak's original and provocative contributions to the central topics in the field, including the grounds of criminal liability, relative culpability, the role of defences, and the justification of punishment. The volume includes an extended introduction by the author, drawing together the themes of his work, and exploring the goals of criminal theory.

У статті проаналізовано основні елементи сучасної теоретичної концепції постсекулярності в контексті компаративного аналізу з основними положеннями теорії секулярності, зіставлено та проаналізовано різні інтерпретації та різні теоретико-методологічні підходи для дефініціювання постсекулярного суспільства. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз причин та процесу формування постсекулярної парадигми в умовах спостереження неспроможності цілісної реалізації принципів секуляризму. Розкривається кореляція між постсекулярною реальністю та конвергентними процесами, як реакцією на соціокультурні трансформації суспільства. З’ясовано роль екуменічної концепції як одного з основних елементів конвергентних процесів суспільства як відповідь на поширення секулярної ідеології та (...) соціокультурні трансформації суспільства. Здійснений комплексний та компаративний аналіз рефлексивно-критичних поглядів на секулярність, а також окреслений плюралізм інтерпретацій застосування терміна «постсекулярність» у новітній філософсько-релігієзнавчій площині. (shrink)

Under what circumstances should ignorance that someone is violating a moral or criminal rule preclude or lessen his moral responsibility and/or penal liability? In this chapter, I first construct a schema or framework for how to think about this issue. Quite a bit of confusion and uncertainty, I am sure, derives from a failure to understand exactly what this question is asking. I next defend some substantive views about how this question should be answered. If my defense is cogent, I (...) conclude that a person who is ignorant that his conduct violates a moral or legal rule is almost never as blameworthy and/or deserving of as much punishment as someone who is fully aware that his behavior is wrongful and/or criminal. The best general accounts of responsibility and blameworthiness are far more receptive than positive law to allowing ignorance of wrongdoing as a complete or partial excuse. (shrink)

Commentators seemingly agree about what negligence is—and how it is contrasted from recklessness. They also appear to concur about whether particular examples (both real and hypothetical) portray negligence. I am less confident about each of these matters. I explore the distinction between recklessness and negligence by examining a type of case that has generated a good deal of critical discussion: those in which a defendant forgets that he has created a substantial and unjustifiable risk of harm. Even in this limited (...) kind of example, no single perspective on blame and liability proves to be defensible. Nonetheless, a discussion of this type of case is helpful because it enables us to appreciate the difficulties in understanding the nature of negligence and the ensuing uncertainty about whether penal liability for negligence is ever warranted. (shrink)

The article explores and formulates the applied functions of the archive. In addition to its function as a resource for understanding the past, the archive has important applied functions in the present. The task of defining the functions of the archive also requires defining the concept of the archive. For this aim, the concept of “archive” in the works of philosophers Alyda Assman, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, as well as Ukrainian researchers – Vitaly Turenko, Volodymyr Prykhodko, Serhii Rudenko, Maryna (...) Palienko, was considered and studied. These philosophers have found a methodological connection with regard to the etymology of the ancient Greek term “Αρχη”. Detailed studies of the semantics of the concept of Αρχη allow to investigate the understanding of the origin of the functions of the archive. The French philosopher Michel Foucault considered the concept of the archive as a component of his ontological system, “Archaeology of Knowledge”, which explains the functioning of human knowledge, memory and power. So, Foucault explained the epistemological function of the archive. Another French philosopher, Jacques Derrida, focuses on the human desire to take hold of the past, which he calls “archive fever,” and develops this concept in his famous work “Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression”. Among the general concepts of the archive, Derrida focuses on the main and important political function of the archive, the embodiment of the archive in the body. The way the archive functioning is an important factor in the political regime, but at the same time it ensures the successful operation of the education system. In its various forms, the archive transmits to posterity information that appears as a warning and instruction based on the experience of the past. Based on these conditions, the archive acquires an important educational function in the modern world and forms the key ideological conditions for the functioning of society. (shrink)