In Neither Physics Nor Chemistry, Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simoes examine the evolution of quantum chemistry into an autonomous discipline, tracing its development from the publication of early papers in the 1920s to the dramatic changes ...

The purpose of this paper is to view Kant's approach to education in the broader context of Kant's philosophy of culture and history as a process whose direction should be reflectively assumed by human freedom, in the light of man's moral vocation. In this context, some characteristic tensions of his enlightened approach to education appear. Thus, while Kant takes the educational process to be a radically moral enterprise all the way through—and hence, placed in a relational context—he also aspires to (...) constitute education as a science, to be improved through experiments, thereby paving the way for a systemic approach to education; in spite of its moral inspiration, his systemic approach not only could enter into conflict with the moral demand of taking each individual subject as an end, but is also marked by an intrinsic paradox, already involved in the ambiguity of the term ‘humanity’, which might mean a) humanity as a moral disposition present in each individual human being or b) humanity as a whole, as the ‘human species’. (shrink)

In her recent book Gillian Brock argues that states’ legitimacy depends on their being part of a just state system that protects human rights. Here I discuss some practical limitations raised by Brock’s legitimacy framework: mainly, (1) the problematic real-world implications of such an account, and (2) the epistemic challenges that judgements inspired by this account would have to face, were we to proceed solely on the basis of it.

The subject of this paper is the debate between externalism and internalism about mental content presented by Tim Crane in Chapter 4 of his book Elements of Mind. Crane’s sympathies in this debate are with internalism. The paper attempts to show that Crane’s argumentation is not refuting the Twin Earth argument and externalism, and that in its basis it does not differ much from externalism itself Crane’s version of the argument for externalism features two key premises: (1) The content of (...) a thought determines what the thought is about/what it refers to (the Content Determines Reference Principle); and (2) Twins are referring to different things when they use the word “water”. From these, in a few simple steps, Crane’s externalist infers: Therefore, their thoughts are not “in their heads”. Crane suggests denying the Content Determines Reference Principle in the light of indexical thoughts. In the first stage, Crane reduces “content” to “some aspect of content”, although he needs all aspects of content to secure identity of thoughts. However, his view then comes close to something acceptable to externalists. In the second stage, Crane makes content relative to context, but then reference still determines content. (shrink)

This book joins the contemporary recovery of Kant’s empirical works to highlight the relevance of his concept of culture for understanding the sources of various characteristic modern dilemmas, such as the tension between culture and happiness, the morally ambivalent nature of cultural progress, or the existing conflicts between a factual plurality of cultures and the historical forces pressing toward a universal civilization. The book will be of special interest for Kantian scholars, moral and political philosophers, as well as philosophers of (...) culture. (shrink)

Natural deduction systems for classical, intuitionistic and modal logics were deeply investigated by Prawitz [D. Prawitz, Natural Deduction: A Proof-theoretical Study, in: Stockholm Studies in Philosophy, vol. 3, Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 1965. Reprinted at: Dover Publications, Dover Books on Mathematics, 2006] from a proof-theoretical perspective. Prawitz proved weak normalization for classical logic only for a language without logical or, there exists and with a restricted application of reduction ad absurdum. Reduction steps related to logical or, there exists and classical (...) negation bring about many problems solved only rather recently. For classical S5 modal logic, Prawitz defined a normalizable system, but for a language without logical or, there exists, ◊ and, for a propositional language without ◊, Medeiros [M.da P.N. Medeiros, A new S4 classical modal logic in natural deduction, Journal of Symbolic Logic 71 799–809] presented a normalizable system for classical S4. We can mention many cut-free Gentzen systems for S4, S5 and K45/K45D, some normalizable natural deduction systems for intuitionistic modal logics and one more for full classical S4, but not for full classical S5. Here our focus is on the definition of a classical and normalizable natural deduction system for S5, taking not only □ and ◊ as primitive symbols, but also all connectives and quantifiers, including classical negation, disjunction and the existential quantifier. The normalization procedure is based on the strategy proposed by Massi [C.D.B. Massi, Provas de normalizaçaõ para a lógica clássica, Ph.D. Thesis, Departamento de Filosofia, UNICAMP, Campinas, 1990] and Pereira and Massi [L.C. Pereira, C.D.B. Massi, Normalização para a lógica clássica, in: O que nos faz pensar, Cadernos de Filosofia da PUC-RJ, vol. 2, 1990, pp. 49–53] for first-order classical logic to cope with the combined use of classical negation, disjunction and the existential quantifier. Here we extend such results to deal with □ and ◊ too. The elimination rule for ◊ uses the notions of connection and of essentially modal formulas already proposed by Prawitz for the introduction of □. Beyond weak normalization, we also prove the subformula property for full S5. (shrink)

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is responsible for prosecuting individuals for heinous crimes that take place during civil and/or international armed conflicts, including sexual violence. Prosecuting this crime relies primarily on survivor accounts, but witnesses often fear the psychological effects of giving such testimony, particularly because there is a high risk of retraumatization, a stigma associated with victimhood, and a fear of victim-blaming. Thus, the Court’s Victims and Witness Unit (VWU) puts forth provisions for questioning vulnerable witnesses, requiring, in part, (...) that questioners avoid embarrassing or offending witnesses. Using a discourse analytic approach, this paper examines transcripts from three recent ICC cases dealing with wartime sexual violence—_Bemba, Ongwen_, and _Katanga and Chui—_exploring the discursive strategies employed by prosecutors and defense attorneys in these trials as they navigate arguing their cases before the judges while also tailoring their questions to adhere to the VWU’s provisions. I show that adhering to the provisions often involves relying on euphemistic expressions to discuss rape—which enter the trial discourse through linguistic formulations and reformulations—even though these expressions reflect the language used to discuss consensual sex and not sexual violence. Thus, this method of adhering to the provisions can undermine the prosecution’s case while helping the defense’s. (shrink)

Nesta comunicação pretende-se desenvolver a relação entre violência e política enquadrada no pensamento de Hannah Arendt e a partir de duas obras fundamentais, On Revolution (1963) e On Violence (1970). Investigando-se sobre o que constitui cada experiência em particular, a da violência (ainda que sob a forma da guerra ou da revolução) e a da política, esta relação permitirá equacionar criticamente as possibilidades e os limites das sociedades democráticas actuais como o resultado da tradição política e das revoluções da modernidade.

United States service members’ personal mental health information lacks the protection afforded by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), diverging from the legal safeguards granted to other citizens. The Public Welfare Law and the Department of Defense (DoD) reduces these protections through clauses, outlining nine conditions where service members’ information can be disclosed to their commanders, who may lack formal HIPAA or medical confidentiality training. Once a commander is notified, the information may be shared with others without the Service (...) Members consent, creating an unregulated spread of private health information. Additionally, the military environment, marked by a stigma surrounding mental health issues, compounds this vulnerability. Therefore, Service Members seeking mental health support may encounter adverse consequences upon returning to their command through the propagation of stigma, which may further foster a culture of reluctance to seek help. A fictional character within the military serves as a conduit for nonmilitary providers to understand the contextual intricacies while highlighting the ethical dilemma faced by providers adhering to Congressional law, American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Code, and DoD standards while also serving their clients. Key ethical considerations include informed consent, disclosures, maintaining confidentiality, discussing the limits of confidentiality, avoiding harm, and conflicts between ethics and organizational demands. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de construção de um curso de formação de professores de ciências e de matemática com caráter interdisciplinar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de alguns aspectos da história da educação em ciências e matemática no Brasil que ainda se manifestam nas práticas pedagógicas e dos contextos político e social nos quais se desenvolveu a experiência de construção do Curso de Ciências – licenciatura da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A tradição (...) de disciplinas escolares independentes e a própria formação disciplinar dos docentes do curso constituíram grandes desafios para a implantação de um curso interdisciplinar, com foco na promoção do diálogo das ciências naturais e da matemática com os desafios sociais e educacionais da atualidade brasileira. A análise aponta que nesse percurso foram enfrentados muitos desafios de ordem conceitual, estrutural e institucional, mas que o resultado (ainda em movimento) foi a organização de um curso com bases teóricas híbridas que desenvolve grande variedade de experiências de integração dos campos da ciência e da matemática e promove uma formação interdisciplinar e contextualizada. (shrink)

No presente artigo, iremos analisar a crítica feita por Karl Marx em seus Cadernos Etnológicos ao assim chamado “método” dos juristas analíticos. Para isso, passaremos pelos comentários de Marx ao jurista Henry Sumner Maine, fazendo um exame extenso de um trecho específico, no qual essa crítica aparece de forma mais direta. Ao longo de nossa exposição, pretendemos demonstrar que a crítica ao “método” dos juristas analíticos está inserida na perspectiva de uma crítica à teoria do direito como um todo. Então, (...) dissecaremos a associação feita por Marx entre a economia política e a teoria do direito, em especial a de John Austin, passando pela crítica ao método da economia política com base nos Grundrisse: Manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858, e também pela diferenciação entre economia política, economia vulgar, e apologética conforme exposta em obras anteriores do autor de O capital. O que Maine chama de “método” dos juristas analíticos é, para Marx, um dogmatismo formalista comum à teoria do direito, que traz elementos distorcidos da economia política de modo cabalmente apologético. A temática perpassa discussões que acompanharam Marx por toda sua vida, como a relação entre burguesia e a produção científica, bem como o papel da teoria do direito na defesa de interesses burgueses. Ademais, acreditamos que uma leitura dedicada dos Cadernos etnológicos tem muito a oferecer para o pensamento marxista, e nosso artigo fornece algumas pontuais contribuições nesse sentido. (shrink)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its most common form results in cognitive changes in memory function leading to dementia due to underlying neurodegenerative disease. Recent research advancements in AD...

Arthur Schopenhauer’s Mirror: the Will, the Suffering, the Compassion as Philosophical Challenges. In philosophy, the celebration of Arthur Schopenhauer has already ended. Only the last year was anniversary (of his birth and of the publication of the first volume of The World as Will and Representation), but the importance of this non-conformist creator is never superfluous to highlight. In this article, there is, certainly, a very limited/selective focus on the thinking of Schopenhauer, and no biographical approach: the goal is only (...) to stress two aspects of his philosophy in their logic. Schopenhauer was an enthusiastic Kantian: first of all, by taking over his maestro’s seminal paradigm, the constructivism (that does not pertain only to the theory of knowledge, but marks the entire existence analysed at different philosophical levels). Secondly, by the ethical focus and accent, continuing Kant’s exceptional emphasis of the ultimate reason of the tableau of the world, the human reason and its power to treat the others in a moral manner. And certainly, Schopenhauer was not an epigone, but a creator, using and at the same time giving other content to the Kantian form of ethical revolution. Schopenhauer had, obviously, contradictory ideas – as that between his constructivism and his metaphysical treatment of the will, i. e. as the only principle explaining the world – and also with disputable significance, including for the actual life and thinking. But he had a bad publicity from the dominant philosophy – namely, some of his ideas (as that of the moral of compassion) were, and still are, absolutely ignored, while other ones were simplified or transformed in the conception of Schopenhauer, reducing this one to some ideas out of context – and even nowadays this tradition is dominant. And it’s pity, because Schopenhauer’s philosophy was and represented a dramatic moment in the history of the 19th century thinking and culture: as it is a strange mirror for the present much graver situation. In order to critique the present it’s not necessary to do it from Schopenhauer’s perspective. However, just his contradictory ideas and pathetic accent on compassion show better than ever that neither philosophy – as theoretical position – nor the urging for moral activism are more than vox clamantis in deserto: if the historical facts, which include this urging and the spring of thinking but are not confined to them, are missing. (shrink)

Introduction The bioethics literature reflects significant interest in and concern with the use of genetic and genomic information in various settings. Because psychiatric treatment and research raises unique ethical, legal, and social issues, we conducted a scoping review of the biomedical, bioethics, and psychology literature regarding the application of genetic and genomic tools to psychiatric disorders (as listed in the DSM-5) and two associated behaviors or symptoms to provide a more detailed overview of the state of the field. Objectives The (...) primary objective was to examine the available bioethics, biomedical, and psychology literature on applying genetic and genomic tools to psychiatric disorders (other than neurodevelopmental disorders) and two behaviors or symptoms sometimes associated with them (aggression or violence and suicidality) to identify the disorders to which these tools have been applied, the contexts in or purposes for which they have been applied, the ethical, legal, or social concerns associated with those uses, and proposed recommendations for mitigating those concerns. Methods We used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework: (1) identify the research question; (2) identify relevant studies; (3) select studies; (4) chart the data; and (5) collate, summarize, and report results (2005). We relied on Levac et al. to inform our application of the framework (2010). The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist informed our reporting (2018). We searched three electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and PsycInfo (EbscoHost) for peer-reviewed journal articles in English to identify relevant literature. One author screened the initial results and additional screening was done in consultation with other authors. A data extraction form using DSM-5 diagnostic categories (excluding neurodevelopmental disorders) was developed and two authors independently each reviewed approximately half of the articles. Inter-rater reliability was ensured by double-coding approximately 10% of the papers. An additional author independently coded 10% of the articles to audit the data. Results In 365 coded publications, we identified 15 DSM-5 diagnostic categories in addition to the two pre-selected behaviors or symptoms (aggression or violence and suicidality) to which genetic or genomic tools have been applied. We identified 11 settings in or purposes for which these tools were applied. Twenty-two types of ethical, legal, or social concerns associated with the application of genetic or genomic tools to these disorders or behaviors/symptoms were identified along with 13 practices or policies that could mitigate these concerns. Conclusion Genetic and genomic tools have been applied to a wide range of psychiatric disorders. These raise a range of ethical, legal, and social concerns. Additional research is warranted to better understand the concerns and effective ways to address them. Advancing the literature to identify relevant ethical, legal, or social concerns and solutions to those problems likely requires greater attention to specific applications of genetic or genomic tools to particular psychiatric disorders and associated behaviors/symptoms as well as broad stakeholder engagement. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho é explorar a perenidade e o significado da expressão semel in vita para a filosofia de Descartes. Por meio de uma análise minuciosa de todas as ocorrências dessa formulação dentro do corpus cartesiano, busca-se evidenciar que semel in vita é um recurso retórico relevante que está vinculado ao momento decisivo da filosofia cartesiana de realizar uma reestruturação do conhecimento a partir da investigação radical e preliminar sobre o escopo do entendimento humano. É concluído, dessa forma, (...) que a estratégia cartesiana de reformulação científica, desde a sua juventude, depende de um inquérito sobre o entendimento puro, mas que este inquérito deve ser realizado e acabado, já que fornece os recursos para seguir em investigações ulteriores. Palavras-Chave: Descartes; Conhecimento; Metafísica; Fundacionalismo Semel in vita: considerations on the brevity of the Cartesian foundational project Abstract: The objective of this work is to explore the perenniality and meaning of the expression semel in vita for the philosophy of Descartes. Through a carefully analysis of all occurrences of this formulation within the Cartesian corpus, this work seeks to show that semel in vita is a relevant rhetorical resource that is linked to the decisive moment of Cartesian philosophy to carry out a restructuring of knowledge starting from the radical and preliminary investigation on the scope of human understanding. It is thus concluded that the Cartesian strategy of scientific reformulation, from its youth, depends on an inquiry into pure understanding, but that this inquiry must be carried out and finished, since it provides the resources to follow in further investigations. Key-words: Descartes; Knowledge; Metaphysics; Foundationalism Semel in vita: considérations sur la brièveté du projet fondamentaliste cartésien Résumé: Le but de ce travail est d’explorer la pérennité et la signification de l’expression semel in vita pour la philosophie de Descartes. Au moyen d’une analyse approfondie de toutes les occurrences de cette formulation dans le corpus cartésien, on cherche à mettre en évidence que semel in vita est une ressource rhétorique importante qui est liée au moment décisif de la philosophie cartésienne de réaliser une restructuration de la connaissance à partir de la recherche radicale et préliminaire sur l’étendue de la compréhension humaine. Il est donc conclu que la stratégie cartésienne de refonte scientifique, dès son plus jeune âge, dépend d’une enquête sur l’entendement pure, mais que cette enquête doit être menée et achevée, car elle fournit des ressources pour poursuivre des recherches ultérieures. Mots-clés: Descartes; Connaissance; Métaphysique; Fondationnalisme Data de registro: 23/12/2023 Data de aceite: 20/09/2023. (shrink)

La protección y conservación del medio ambiente se muestra como una de las mayores preocupaciones de la política global en la actualidad. Las actividades humanas que están influyendo negativamente en el medio ambiente, han supuesto para la comunidad global y concretamente para la Unión Europea la necesidad de configurar una política común con el objetivo de frenar el deterioro ambiental. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar cómo ha influido la política europea en la configuración y desarrollo de la fiscalidad ambiental como (...) herramienta de protección del medio ambiente. (shrink)

El turismo regenerativo implica evolucionar conjuntamente el ser humano con la naturaleza mediante la investigación de predisposiciones, procedimientos y experiencias. La regeneración se basa en ir más allá de la sostenibilidad, circunstancia vital para el cumplimiento eficiente de los 17 ODS de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. La metodología empleada es secuencial, donde tras una revisión bibliográfica, se ha procedido al análisis de diferentes casos de estudio, mediante fuentes secundarias para verificar la presencia del binomio RRPP-RS. Barcelona puede (...) ser referencia para la salida de la crisis pospandémica, para también poder aplicarse al resto de España y mundialmente. (shrink)

En este texto se analiza la posibilidad de integrar los resultados deinvestigaciones empíricas a las principales discusiones teóricas entorno a la motivación moral, un territorio especialmente escabrosode la metaética, específicamente, de la psicología moral. Para esto sepresentan, grosso modo, los dos principales debates en torno a la motivaciónmoral, los argumentos e intuiciones de las que parten las distintasposturas respecto al origen y la naturaleza de la motivación moral.

Este trabajo se propone explorar los vínculos posibles entre poesía y pensamiento no antrópico tomando como base las filosofías de Jacques Derrida y Maurice Blanchot. Su análisis partirá de El animal que luego estoy si(gui)endo (que dice que el pensamiento animal, si existe, depende de la poesía) y proseguirá con una serie de textos blanchotianos, en particular con «La literatura y el derecho a la muerte». De allí nos será de particular utilidad la distinción entre lenguaje corriente y lenguaje literario, (...) en especial en aquello que atañe a los poetas. Esto implicará rever la nominación qua operación conceptualizante, y conducirá a reflexionar sobre el estatuto de la muerte que acontece en el lenguaje (de lo existente que captura, pero también del autor) y de la materialidad de las palabras. Según espera mostrar, se puede ver en estos análisis sobre el lenguaje una contaminación entre lo lógico y lo poético, y ello permite reconfigurar la relación entre lo humano y el resto de los vivientes. Por último, el trabajo se pregunta qué porvenir pueden tener el pensamiento y la filosofía luego de semejantes elaboraciones, y propone una vía posible nuevamente desde Blanchot y Derrida. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone una interpretación de Introducción a “Origen de la geometría” de Husserl de Derrida a la luz de la cuestión de lo literario. Con esto no nos referimos a la literatura como institución, sino a determinada comprensión de la naturaleza del lenguaje en términos no idealistas. Por un lado, se señalará la pregnancia de este tópico en los desarrollos específicos del texto derridiano, mostrando que es fundamental para abordar su crítica a “la exigencia de visibilidad” en Husserl. (...) Por otro, se otorgará una contextualización crítica al interior de su camino intelectual que secundará la relevancia otorgada a nuestro desarrollo. (shrink)

O presente trabalho focaliza o fenômeno dos longos litígios em Varas de Família, com o objetivo de discutir a inscrição do judiciário na trama conjugal. Ressalta-se que alguns casais, mesmo após o divórcio, ficam aprisionados numa dinâmica de repetição que atua por meio do litígio, representado nas ..

El enfoque socioeducativo de la educación, tal y como aquí lo hemos entendido, trata de agrupar y promover aquellas experiencias educativas que tienen como objetivo fortalecer la democracia y la ciudadanía participativa a través de una educación integral guiada por valores como la solidaridad, la igualdad y la justicia.

Anthropologists who "study" religious practitioners are always confronted with both an ethical and a methodological problem. Our traditional training asks us to remain detached from our "informants" and their beliefs in order to collect "data" whose content will be analyzed according to academic agendas and theoretical trends, translated into anthropological jargon and published in ethnographies that will be accepted, published, and read in the academic world. On the other hand, the purpose of our anthropological research is to gain a deeper (...) understanding of the "other" from the "inside." Experiential anthropology has searched for a deeper understanding of religious practitioners and their beliefs. This includes focusing on native epistemologies and experiences and personal engagement with informants that sometimes involves the ethnographer's apprenticeship and initiation into the religious traditions that are beingstudied. This experience involves our commitment and respect towards those we study. Drawing on my own experience with Mapuche shamans in southern Chile I discuss the ethical and methodological problems anthropologists have in bridging professional interests with the personal commitments made with those whom we study. I discuss the ethical problems in using apprenticeship and initiation solely for professional purposes and the problem of cultural appropriation, the limitations that an exclusively academic model has on what can be written about, how it should be conceptualized, theorized, and represented, and the problems anthropologists undergo in having to simultaneously maintain professional detachment and be committed to those with whom we work. (shrink)

Here is a discussion that deals with storytelling by the teacher for the children, considering their contributions to the development of languages in the early years of lementary school. We assumed as the fact that a recovery of the first contact of children with the texts, which are normally through the oral narratives, potentiates the development of oral, reading and writing in an integrated manner. Therefore, we work with oral language and its importance is often overlooked by most schools. Understand, (...) according to Barthes, Echeverría, Sholles and Kellog, that the narratives are grown in different social groups, especially through the spoken, and is what makes the narrative form is the way to fundamentally discursive for humans formation. Furthermore, we believe, as Andaló, that work with oral narratives allow children, even before being literate, playing the stories and understand them, telling yourself with them and with the world. Most of the experiences we have in working with this approach in the public schools who teach in the towns of Candelaria and Vera Cruz , or in theoretical discussions with students in the Courses of Pedagogy -UNISC, shows that the creation of adequate space in school to playing oral stories is like a trigger mechanism for integrated learning – under the gaze of the multidimensional complexity – of speaking, reading and writing capabilities to understand how action and reflection in the world . That is, supported by authors such as Kaufman and Rodríguez, Gil Neto, Bettelheim, Busatto, Abramovich, Amarilha and Saraiva, we defended the thesis that storytelling enhances the development of oral, to training children as readers and texts producers, inserting them into living a socially desirable.Apresentamos aqui uma discussão que trata da contação de histórias pela professora e pelas crianças, considerando suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento das linguagens nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Adotamos como pressuposto o fato de que uma valorização do primeiro contato das crianças com os textos, que normalmente se dá por meio de narrativas orais, potencializa o desenvolvimento da oralidade, leitura e escrita de forma integrada. Por isso, debatemos o trabalho com a linguagem oral e sua importância, muitas vezes negligenciada pela maioria das escolas. Compreendemos, de acordo com Barthes, Echeverría, Sholles e Kellog, que as narrativas são cultivadas nos diversos grupos sociais, specialmente através da oralidade, e é isso que faz com que a narração se constitua em uma forma discursiva básica para a formação dos seres humanos. Além disso, pensamos, conforme Andaló, que o trabalho com narrativas orais permite que as crianças, ainda antes de estarem alfabetizadas, contem e compreendam as histórias e a si mesmas, narrando-se com elas e com o mundo. A maioria das vivências que temos no trabalho com essa abordagem, seja nas escolas públicas em que lecionamos, nos municípios de Candelária e Vera Cruz , seja nos debates teóricos com alunas nos cursos de Pedagogia da Unisc, dão conta de que a criação de espaços adequados na escola para a contação de histórias constitui-se em um mecanismo desencadeador das aprendizagens integradas – sob o olhar multidimensional da complexidade – da expressão oral, da leitura e da escrita, que compreendemos como capacidades de ação e reflexão no mundo . Ou seja, respaldados em autores como Kaufman e Rodríguez, Gil Neto, Bettelheim, Busatto, Abramovich, Amarilha e Saraiva, defendemos a tese de que contar histórias potencializa tanto o desenvolvimento da oralidade quanto a formação das crianças como leitoras e produtoras de textos, inserindo-as em uma convivência social desejável. (shrink)

Summary During the nineteenth century French chemistry was marked by an outstanding number of Alsation chemists whose scientific contributions cannot be ignored. Especially following the Franco-Prussian War, their regional origin was given a particular importance as a means of affirming their singularity on the French scientific scene. However, some questions may be raised: can we distinguish the Alsatians from other French chemists before 1870? Were they a homogeneous group sharing a common origin? The aim of this article therefore, is, to (...) show that by their theoretical options within chemistry, their personal and professional relationships, as well as by their participation in various common initiatives, they organized themselves both formally and informally within the Parisian scientific community. Amongst these forms of organization the research school of Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817?84) emerges as the nucleus of what we may envisage as a network of Alsatian chemists working in Paris, in the second half of the nineteenth century. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar, no contexto da Primeira República, as tensões entre dois projetos educacionais implementados por confissões religiosas que, por meio da formação das elites, disputavam a hegemonia ideológico-cultural da sociedade brasileira, a saber, o protestante, na sua versão metodista, e o católico. Palavras-chave: Metodistas; Católicos; Educação. ABSTRACT This article aims at investigating in the context of the First Republic, the tensions between the two educational projects implemented by the religious groups who, through the formation of the (...) elite, disputed the ideological and cultural hegemony in Brazilian society that is the protestant project in its Methodist form and the catholic project. Key words: Methodists; Catholics; Education. (shrink)

Partiendo de un pasaje de una obra de Shakespeare, se revisará el papel de la fidelidad en la configuración de la identidad personal. el artículo se centra en dos tendencias principales en la concepción de la misma, enraizadas en la comprensión narrativa del yo: la fidelidad como permanencia frente al cambio y la fidelidad como apertura y avance hacia aquello que hace ser, que da unidad y sentido. Pero el yo se descubre en ambos casos dividido, necesitado de narrar para (...) ser, luchando con el tiempo, ya se presente como amenaza o como obstáculo para ser uno y distinto. la alternativa que aquí se propone consiste en una fidelidad como retorno a lo esencial, donde el ser y la unidad del yo permanecen, en tanto que éste se abre a la novedad de aquéllo fundamental. dicha apertura consiste básicamente en un diálogo, en el cual el yo recibe y entrega lo propio, poniendo en juego su ser en el espacio dramático, actualizando así cada vez el yo, su unidad y su sentido. (shrink)

O artigo visa a analisar como a Psicologia tem encarado os desafios colocados pelo desempenho escolar. Discute os princípios e as ferramentas q ue têm orientado as práticas psicológicas no campo do fracasso escolar. Faz um debate acerca da interface Psicologia e Educação, partindo dos princípios da ..

Tekst analizira nacin na koji nastavno osoblje na Beogradskom univerzitetu percipira bolonjski proces, nacelno i unutar lokalnog srpskog socijalnog i univerzitetskog konteksta; razlicite upravne instance unutar univerzitetskog obrazovnog sistema, mesto nastavnika unutar obrisa novog visokoskolskog obrazovnog sistema u procesu bolonjske transformacije. Empirijsku osnovu predstavlja istrazivanje o uslovima rada nastavnog osoblja koje je Centar za obrazovne politike iz Beograda izveo na pet fakulteta Beogradskog univerziteta tokom 2008 godine.