El presente artículo tiene por objeto realizar una descripción de la represión dictatorial en la comuna de Pichilemu durante los años 1973-1977. Para ello, este trabajo se centra en su primera parte en contextualizar, de manera breve, a Chile en su contexto político desde las elecciones del año 1969 hasta el golpe de Estado en 1973. En esta parte también encontramos los datos fundamentales de Pichilemu y un breve resumen de su Historia Política. La segunda parte de este artículo se (...) basa derechamente en una categoría de análisis cualitativo a partir de un análisis de discurso. Por un lado, se presentan los datos de la represión en Chile de manera general, y por otro, se presentan los datos de represión tanto en la región de O’Higgins como de Pichilemu, para finalmente dar paso al análisis de los relatos y esbozar la represión en la comuna. Finalmente, la tercera parte de este artículo se centra en analizar la tortura y sus implicancias tanto físicas como psicológicas. En esta investigación se utilizaron relatos y testimonios de pobladores de la comuna de Pichilemu durante la época señalada y que participaron desde la militancia en el gobierno de la Unidad Popular. Además, se analizaron fuentes tanto primarias como bibliográficas para dar sustento teórico como histórico a la investigación. Palabras clave: Memoria; dictadura; Chile; Pichilemu; historia local; terrorismo de Estado. Coastal Stories: Dictatorial Repression in Pichilemu 1973-1977 El presente artículo tiene por objeto realizar una descripción de la represión dictatorial en la comuna de Pichilemu durante los años 1973-1977. Para ello, este trabajo se centra en su primera parte en contextualizar, de manera breve, a Chile en su contexto político desde las elecciones del año 1969 hasta el golpe de Estado en 1973. En esta parte también encontramos los datos fundamentales de Pichilemu y un breve resumen de su Historia Política. La segunda parte de este artículo se basa derechamente en una categoría de análisis cualitativo a partir de un análisis de discurso. Por un lado, se presentan los datos de la represión en Chile de manera general, y por otro, se presentan los datos de represión tanto en la región de O’Higgins como de Pichilemu, para finalmente dar paso al análisis de los relatos y esbozar la represión en la comuna. Finalmente, la tercera parte de este artículo se centra en analizar la tortura y sus implicancias tanto físicas como psicológicas. En esta investigación se utilizaron relatos y testimonios de pobladores de la comuna de Pichilemu durante la época señalada y que participaron desde la militancia en el gobierno de la Unidad Popular. Además, se analizaron fuentes tanto primarias como bibliográficas para dar sustento teórico como histórico a la investigación. (shrink)

A disconnect remains between theories about responsible management and application in real-life organizations. Part of the reason is due to the complexity and holistic nature of the field, and the fact that many of the benefits of aligning business objectives with changing societal conditions are of an intangible nature. Human resource management is an increasingly important part of the field with benefits including talent retention, higher levels of motivation, and improvements in organizational cohesion. This paper sets out an experiment run (...) at a large Spanish university to try to analyze the impact on worker productivity of a responsible management stance by an employer. Based on the Corporate Social Performance model, the paper examines the issue from the point of view of responsibilities, responsiveness, and outcomes, and considers the cost/benefit effect of incorporating a social responsibility variable into the wage structure to measure the impact on productivity. (shrink)

Recent theological anthropology emphasizes a dynamic and integral understanding of the human being, which is also related to Karl Rahner's idea of active self-transcendence and to the imago Dei doctrine. The recent neuroscientific discovery of the “visual word form area” for reading, regarded in light of the concept of cultural neural reuse, will produce fresh implications for the interrelation of brain biology and human culture. The theological and neuroscientific parts are shown in their mutual connections thus articulating the notion that (...) human beings shape and transcend themselves both at the biological and at the cultural level. This will have relevant implications for the timely topic of human uniqueness in science and theology, and in proposing a new research perspective in which theology may consider culture along with its biological import, but not necessarily in strictly evolutionary terms alone. (shrink)

ABSTRACTPeople hiss and swear when they make errors, frown and swear again when they encounter conflicting information. Such error- and conflict-related signs of negative affect are found even when there is no time pressure or external reward and the task itself is very simple. Previous studies, however, provide inconsistent evidence regarding the affective consequences of resolved conflicts, that is, conflicts that resulted in correct responses. We tested whether response accuracy in the Eriksen flanker task will moderate the effect of trial (...) incongruence using affective priming to measure positive and negative affect. We found that responses to incongruent trials elicit positive affect irrespective of their accuracy. Errors, in turn, result in negative affect irrespective of trial congruence. The effects of conflicts and errors do not interact and affect different dimensions of affective priming. Conflicts change the speed of evaluative categorisation while errors are reflected in categorisation accuracy... (shrink)

I argue that an analogy between pains and sounds suggests a way to give an objective account of pain which fits well with a naïve perceptualist account of feeling pain. According to the proposed metaphysical account, pains are relational physical events with shared qualitative nature, each of which is constituted by tissue damage and the activation of nociceptors. I proceed to show that the metaphysical proposal is compatible with platitudes about pains being animate, private, and self-intimating states.

Orthomodular posets form an algebraic formalization of the logic of quantum mechanics. A central question is how to introduce implication in such a logic. We give a positive answer whenever the orthomodular poset in question is of finite height. The crucial advantage of our solution is that the corresponding algebra, called implication orthomodular poset, i.e. a poset equipped with a binary operator of implication, corresponds to the original orthomodular poset and that its implication operator is everywhere defined. We present here (...) a complete list of axioms for implication orthomodular posets. This enables us to derive an axiomatization in Gentzen style for the algebraizable logic of orthomodular posets of finite height. (shrink)

The philosopher Jorge J. E. Gracia engages fifteen prominent scholars on race, ethnicity, nationality, and Hispanic/Latino identity in the United States. Their discussion joins two distinct traditions: the philosophy of race begun by African Americans in the nineteenth century, and the search for an understanding of identity initiated by Latin American philosophers in the sixteenth century. Participants include Linda M. Alcoff, K. Anthony Appiah, Richard J. Bernstein, Lawrence Blum, Robert Gooding-Williams, Eduardo Mendieta, and Lucius T. Outlaw Jr., and their dialogue (...) reflects the analytic, Aristotelian, Continental, literary, Marxist, and pragmatic schools of thought. These intellectuals start with the philosophy of Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and then move to the philosophy of African Americans and Anglo Americans in the United States and the philosophy of Latin Americans in Latin America. Gracia and his interlocutors debate the nature of race and ethnicity and their relation to nationality, linguistic rights, matters of identity, and Affirmative Action, binding the concepts of race and ethnicity together in ways that open new paths of inquiry. Gracia's Familial-Historical View of ethnic and Hispanic/Latino identity operates at the center of each of these discussions, providing vivid access to the philosopher's provocative arguments while adding unique depth to issues that each of us struggles to understand. (shrink)

The enigmatic thought of Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), considered by many to be one of the great philosophers of all time, involves inquiry not only into virtually all branches and sources of modern semiotics, physics, cognitive sciences, and mathematics, but also logic, which he understood to be the only useful approach to the riddle of reality. This book represents an attempt to outline an analytical method based on Charles Peirce's least explored branch of philosophy, which is his evolutionary cosmology, and (...) his notion that the universe as made of an 'effete mind.' The chief argument conceives of human discourse as a giant metaphor in regard to outside reality. The metaphors arise in our imagination as lightning-fast schemes of acting, speaking, or thinking. To prove this, each chapter will present a well-known metaphor and explain how it is unfolded and conceptualized according to the new method for revealing meaning. This original work will interest students and scholars in many fields including semiotics, linguistics and philosophy. (shrink)

Matija Vlačić Ilirik was one of the pillars of Luther’s Reformation. In a special way, he dedicated himself to one of its most important issues – the understanding of the Scriptures, and can, therefore, be considered a significant instigator of the founding of modern hermeneutics. As an excellent connoisseur of classical languages (Hebrew, Greek and Latin) he recognized the importance and dealt with many issues of language, grammar, logic, and dialectic, as essential prerequisites for understanding everything which exists, and hence (...) of the written text also. In this connection, his skepticism towards philosophy is apparent, since the main source of theological cognition, for him, is revelation, and not the human reason, which was principally destroyed by Original Sin. He found the confirmation of his ideas in the current debates with both proponents and opponents of the Reformation, as well as in his research into church history, wherein he incessantly tried to find the witnesses of the truth, as he perceived it. (shrink)

El historiador William Hickling Prescott (Salem, 1796-Boston, 1859) publicó la famosa History of the Conquest of México en tres gruesos tomos en 1843. La obra tuvo un impacto inmediato, en parte por la reputación de Prescott como un historiador serio, y en parte por una prosa que resultaba atractiva para un público ya acostumbrado a la lectura, especialmente de novelas. Además, entre 1819, la fecha del acuerdo Adams-Onis que fijaba los límites entre Estados Unidos y México, y la guerra entre (...) ambos países en 1846-1848, surgió con fuerza el interés por los asuntos hispanoamericanos. La obra de Prescott apareció en ese contexto, y además proporcionó un modelo de estudios históricos basados en fuentes documentales. No existía un estudio equivalente en extensión y profundidad, publicado en inglés, de modo que se instaló rápidamente como una obra fundamental de historiografía, que impacta hasta el día de hoy. (shrink)

A lo largo del presente artículo se pretende analizar la problematización foucaulteana de las ciencias humanas elaborada en el contexto de sus trabajos sobre biopolítica y gubernamentalidad. En ese sentido, la biopolítica y la gubernamentalidad en cuanto tales no constituyen el objeto de nuestra indagación, sino que más bien es a través del abordaje foucaulteano de dichas problemáticas que buscaremos revisar su lectura respecto de los saberes acerca de “lo humano”.

El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar que la aplicación del Flipped Classroom mejora el nivel de logro del aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes universitarios. Para la recolección de datos en los grupos control y experimental se aplicaron dos instrumentos: el pre-test y el post-test. Concluido con la aplicación de los talleres basados en la metodología FC, en el postest se observó que en el grupo control, 26 estudiantes obtuvieron una calificación aprobatoria y 11 reprobatoria, mientras que en el grupo experimental, (...) 38 estudiantes, de acuerdo a los criterios de evaluación, todos lograron una calificación aprobatoria. (shrink)

The adaptive benefits of individual specialization and how learning abilities correlate with task performance are still far from being well-understood. Red wood ants are characterised by their huge colonies and deep professional specialization. We hypothesized that red wood ants Formica aquilonia form aversive learning after having negative encounters with hoverfly larvae differently, depending on their task specialization. We tested this hypothesis, first, by examining whether hunters and aphid milkers learn differently to avoid the nuisance of contacts with syrphid larvae, and, (...) second, by analysing the difference between learning in ‘field’ and laboratory-reared (naïve) foragers. During the first interaction with the syrphid larva in their lives the naïve foragers showed a significantly higher level of aggressiveness than the members of a natural colony. Naïve foragers applied the ‘mortal grip’, ‘prolonged bites’, and ‘nibbling’ towards the enemy with a significantly higher frequency, whereas members of both ‘field’ groups behaved more carefully and tried to avoid encounters with the larva. The aphid milkers, who had a negative experience of interaction with the larva, being ‘glued’ with its viscous secretion, behaved much less aggressively in the follow-up experiments after ten minutes and even three days, thus exhibiting the shaping of both short- and long-term memories. However, both ‘field’ hunters and naïve foragers demonstrated no signs of aversive learning. These data provide some new insights into the relationship between task specialization and learning performance in ants. Given our previous results, we speculate that scouts and aphid milkers are the most cognitively gifted specialists in red wood ants, whereas hunters and guards are rather brave than smart. (shrink)

Review of the Monograph Malivskyi, A. M.. Unknown Descartes: Anthropological Dimension in Philosophy. Dnipro: GERDA.

With its emphasis on analytical dualism and its detailed account of the concepts and methods necessary for its application, Margaret Archer's morphogenetic approach seems to provide significant potential for empirical research. Over a decade after its publication, however, the potential of the approach remains largely unrealised. This paper seeks to begin to address this situation by reporting on and assessing the application of the morphogenetic approach to a longitudinal case study of information systems development and organisational change in British local (...) government. This assessment confirms Archer's claims for the approach's value as an instrument for the production of non-conflationary practical social theory. In addition, certain features of the methodology moved the analysis of IS and organisational change beyond that of more mainstream approaches used for this type of research. However, a range of issues are identified which demonstrate that the complexity and resulting resource intensity of the approach may well work against its more widespread adoption for empirical research. (shrink)

This paper investigates the assumptions and ways of understanding the idea of European identity on a spiritual basis, or more specifically, the conditions of possibility for the interpretation of European identity in the context of studying the common cultural history of the European nations. Since our source of interpretation of European history is the principle of the spirit, which in the historical sphere is primarily embodied in the domain of that which is cultural, whose representation is the life of the (...) spirit in art, but primarily in philosophy and religion, we chose the work of British philosopher and cultural historian Christopher Dawson, who demonstrates, in an exemplary way, what we care about most in this paper. Taking into account the hierarchy of degrees of reality – spirit, culture, religion – Dawson constructs the concept of European identity, by definition already common to all European nations as historical creations, interpreting European culture as an expression of the organic. That is exactly why we can talk about the roots of European identity. In terms of all the above said, a common European identity, based on European culture, has its roots in the Christian philosophy and religion, which, according to Dawson, is not a mere idealistic fact, but an expression of historical, political, social, and legal reality. (shrink)

Un célèbre enseignement du Talmud de Babylone maudit la « sagesse grecque ». Or qu’est-ce que la « sagesse grecque »? On a souvent compris que le Talmud récusait la philosophie. C’est pourtant une lecture hâtive et, en définitive, erronée. Car par « sagesse grecque », le Talmud entend désigner une forme d’intelligence pratique qui caractérise les hommes de pouvoir. Ce que le Talmud maudit, c’est donc une forme de « machiavélisme » avant la lettre, et non une radicalité rationaliste.

Let's try to recognize the regularity according to the historical fact, give in a certain logical sequence its own vision of those events of the history of Ukrainian nation, which led to the rise of the Union of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church with the Roman Apostolic See in 1596. The reasons for this are seven.

Este artigo discute a relação entre filosofia da ciência e filosofia da educação a partir do texto de John Dewey Unity of Science as a Social Problem. Dewey propõe que o problema da unidade da ciência seja trabalhado de um ponto de vista não apenas epistemológico, mas também social. Isso é porque nosso entendimento sobre a ciência influencia a educação. A proposta de Dewey é discutida em relação às considerações de filósofos da ciência recentes, como Peter Galison e Paul Feyerabend, (...) de que a ciência não deve ser concebida como um todo unificado. (shrink)

This Special Issue brings a selection of peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the 12th Principia International Symposium: Models and Modeling in the Sciences, Florianópolis, Brazil, online, August 2021. In this preface, the chair and the secretary of the organizing committee comment the symposium's context and briefly present the issue.

The study offers an account of Hegel’s religious epistemology based on his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion. It is understood as a result of Hegel’s efforts to determine the sufficient conditions, which make the knowledge of God possible. Firstly, Hegel’s philosophy of religion is sketched as an investigation of the religious consciousness as well its subject, i.e. God. Secondly, the concept of Absolute Spirit is construed as a self-manifestation to specify Hegel’s understanding of God. Finally, the paper shows Hegel’s (...) way to epistemological realism, which is a middle position between theological anti-realism and theological agnosticism. (shrink)

Iván Ortega Rodríguez livre une contribution où M. Henry est mis en confrontation avec Patočka, notamment sur la corrélation entre la vie et le monde, autrement dit sur l’« a priori de corrélation ». Comme le rappelle l’auteur de cette étude, tant Patočka que M. Henry adoptent cette corrélation a priori comme point de départ, et donc eu égard aux questions portant respectivement sur l’apparaître, sur ce qui apparaît et sur cette vie subjective qui semble devoir accompagner toute donation. Aussi (...) Iván Ortega Rodríguez soutient-il que tout semble se jouer entre M. Henry et Patočka dans leur conception de l’apparaître. Autant la donation henryenne nous invite à nous singulariser dans notre expérience selon le pathos de la vie auto-affective, autant elle nous invite chez Patočka à sortir hors de nous-mêmes selon la priorité accordée à l’aspect de « champ » que nous trouvons dans le se-montrer, là où se place tout ce qui est donné. (shrink)