The social impact of robotics applied to domains such as education, religion, nursing, and therapy across the world depends on the level of technology as well as the culture in which it is used. By studying how robots are used in Iran, a technologically-savvy country with a long history and a rich culture, we explore their possible impact on interrelated areas of religious and ethical features in education in an Islamic society. To accomplish this task, a preliminary exploratory study was (...) conducted using two social robots as teaching assistants in Islamic religion classes for 42 elementary students. More than 90% of the participants in the study absolutely preferred the robot-assisted religion class over one taught by a human. Building on the results from the students’ viewpoints and exam scores, the acceptability and potential of using social robots in the education of Islamic religious concepts in Iran are further discussed in this paper. (shrink)

Cynicism and turnover intentions are highlighted as being detrimental to organisations’ sustainability. Drawing on the social exchange theory, this paper aims to examine the effect of organisational cynicism on turnover intention and the mediating role of organisational support on this relationship. A survey was conducted with 289 employees and managers. Data were gathered from 54 technology firms from Istanbul, Turkey, and analysed through structural equation modelling using AMOS. The findings suggest that the cognitive and affective dimensions of cynicism are significant (...) predictors of turnover intention, and further that organisational support mediates the relationship between the cognitive and affective dimensions of cynicism and turnover intention. This research is novel in that it deepens our understanding of how detrimental workplace perceptions might affect employees’ intentions to leave their organisations and to what extent organisational support mediates this relationship in technology firms in Istanbul, Turkey. To our knowledge, no study has investigated these three variables together, as in the proposed model. (shrink)

During the COVID-19 epidemic, personal safety has received increasing attention, leading to behavioral changes. Mobile-wallet makes it easier for people to keep social distance, which helps stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evolving Internet technology has brought about changes in consumer lifestyle. The current situation of COVID-19 has created a business environment to shift from traditional ways and adopt e-commerce solutions worldwide. Grounded in technology acceptance model theory, this study’s objective is two-fold: First, this study intends to examine perceived (...) susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, insecurity and discomfort as the predictors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Second, the current research intends to test the moderating effect of electronic words-of-mouth on the relationship between attitude and usage intention. Using survey methods, 226 usable responses were collected through a mall intercept survey in Pakistan. Data were analyzed using partial least square. The results revealed that PEOU and PU positively influence attitude toward M-wallet. This study has found that attitude positively influences the usage intention in adopting M-wallet. The results also support the moderating role of eWOM. These findings contribute to the marketing literature in several ways, particularly in Pakistan. This is the first study to use eWOM as a moderating variable in the TAM theory. In addition, this study adds to the current body of knowledge by considering eWOM as a multi-dimensional construct novel in m-wallet literature. (shrink)

Asharites and human freedom with a study on occasionalism; religious aspects of Islam.

Ḥuqūq al-Islām.--Ḥuqūq al-vālidain.--Ādāb al-maʻ̄ashirat.--Ag̲h̲lāt̤ al-ʻulūm.

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck the world and caused serious disruption in education. Lockdown and social distancing measures have prompted a paradigm shift in delivering education, resulting in o...

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference of depression between working and non-working women of Pakistan. The sample comprised of 250 women. The target group’s age range was between 28 to 45 years. The women were selected from different organizations and areas of Karachi, Pakistan through purposive sampling technique. After taking the permission from authorities and informed consent from the participant demographic forms were filled then in order to measure the depression, Lovibond and Lovibond DASS Scale was (...) administered, individually. Descriptive statistics and t-test for independent mean were used to analyze the data through Statistical Package Social Science Version 12. It was hypothesized that ’’the working-women will score lower on the variable of Depression ascompared to non-working women. The findings show that non-working women scored higher on the scale of depression than working-women in Pakistan. The Mean score of the age was and the standard deviation was. The Mean score of Depression of Non-working women was 14.28 and the Mean score of Depression of working women was10.26. The scores depict the lower level of depression in working women compared to non-working women. (shrink)

Antik Yunan düşüncesinde özgürlük meselesini irdelemek doğa kavrayışını ele almakla mümkün olabilir. Özgürlük her halükarda sınırları belirsiz bir kavramdır ve onu tanımlama çabaları bu yüzden çoğunlukla tek taraflı bir yaklaşımın örnekleridir. Söz konusu dönem dilinde özgürlük sözcüğünün muadili olarak kabul edilebilecek bir sözcük bulunmamaktadır ama bu, orada özgürlüğün sorun edilmediği anlamına gelmemektedir. Çünkü insanlar arası etkileşimin bulunduğu her bağlamda özgürlük bir sorunsal olarak zaten orada olan bir şeydir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Antik Yunan mitoslarında doğumlarla şekillenen evren anlatısının bir özeti verildi. (...) İnsanın bu evrene dahil oluşuna değinildikten sonra Prometheus’un ateşi çalıp ulaştırmasıyla insanda meydana gelen değişimler özgürlük bağlamında değerlendirildi. Böylece doğa kavrayışı bağlamında Antik Yunan mitoslarında özgürlük sorunsalının tespiti yapıldı. İster tanrısal ister beşeri olsun, özgürlüğün doğa kavrayışıyla kayıtlı olduğu vurgulandı ve özgürlük sorunsalının ancak dönemin ‘doğa’ kavrayışının değerlendirilmesiyle ele alınabileceği ileri sürüldü. (shrink)

Final Report on Phase 1 of the New Zealand Law Foundation’s Artificial Intelligence and Law in New Zealand Project.

Some simulationists have argued that the information obtained during the perceptual process of facial expression (the geometric features) is sufficient for recognition of the emotion intended by that expression. Drawing on evidence from cross-cultural studies, with particular attention to conceptual act theories, I show that both emotion expression and recognition are top-down modulated by expressivity norms, observer-specific internal representations, and expectations. I thus conclude that direct simulation, or a purely bottom-up approach, is not sufficient for emotion recognition. Next, I will (...) consider the generate and test strategy as an alternative to direct simulation. This is a highly promising approach in that top-down and bottom-up processes work in parallel, according to the presence, or not, of additional information. For this reason, it avoids the difficulties of direct simulation. I will argue, however, that it is based on a misconception of emotions, specifically on how emotions are represented in the brain. To improve the model, I distinguish between two different categorical approaches to emotions, then argue that only one of which is viable in a simulational account of emotion recognition. (shrink)

Repentance and the Return to God: Tawba in Early Sufism. By Atif Khalil. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 260. $95 ; $32.95.

The current study strives to examine the determinants of employee innovative work behavior and job performance. Therefore, an integrated research model is developed with the help of paternalistic leadership style and job embeddedness theory to investigate employee behavior toward innovative work behavior. The research model is extended with the moderating effect of environmental dynamism between the relationship of innovative work behavior and employee job performance. Data were collected from 411 employees working in small medium enterprises. For inferential analysis, the structural (...) equation modeling technique is used. Results of the structural equation modeling revealed that altogether paternalistic leadership style and factors underpinning job embeddedness theory have explained 52.1% of the variance in employee innovate work behavior. The findings of this research suggest that managers and policy makers should focus on benevolent leadership, moral leadership, and on-the-job embeddedness to boost employee job performance and innovative work behavior. (shrink)

The environment is one of the salient issues that continues to challenge the political and cultural aspects of the society. The question that interrogates this paper is whether environmentalism is a modern phenomenon or has existed from the past? The paper also exposes the importance of the environment in the 19th century and its relation to politics. By focusing on two novels by Captain Frederick Marryat, a conservative and right-wing writer, the paper shows the approach to environmentalism defended by Tory (...) governments in the Victorian period. Addressing also the topic of youth education through narrative fiction, the example of Captain Marratt's The Children of the New Forest (1847) and Masterman Ready (1841) offers insights into the relationship between education, sustainability and collective memory. (shrink)

Ce volume inaugure l'édition française de l'ensemble de l'activité exégétique d'Averroès sur la somme logique qu'est l' " Organon " aristotélicien. On trouvera, accompagnées de l'annotation essentielle, les oeuvres d'Averroès sur le traité " De l'interprétation ", où Aristote établit la doctrine de la proposition simple et de ses éléments constitutifs.

This study investigates structural influence of the Madrassah system on effectiveness of its students in terms of civic health, system thinking and professional development. The researchers constructed the instrument of survey after rigorous literature review, frequent interaction with scholars, clerics and policy makers. The survey was administrated to 600 Madrassah’s students from different schools of thought. By applying T-test and Kruskal Waliss Rank Test for measurement of effectiveness and Structural Equation Modeling methodology the researchers has explored the relationship between the (...) variables, and later analyzed with the help of selected model. Findings of the study demonstrate that education system followed in Madrassahs does not seem to be effective and need-based in contemporary times. Indicators of Madrassah structure such as curriculum and openness negatively influences the students while peda­gogy positively influences the effectiveness of students of Madrasah in Pakistan. In the end, it is recommended that curriculum and pedagogy of Madrassah should be reformed and updated in accordance with knowledge-based economy. This will not only upgrade the poor segment of society but also bring together the variety of individuals close enough to understand each other. (shrink)

A Theory of Universal Democracy empowers cultures and communities across the world to custom design democracy in consonance with their traditional values. For example, the book makes concrete proposals for Muslim countries to democratize their constitutions without accepting Western values and without violating the principles of Islamic law. More importantly, Universal Democracy further develops the idea of Free State, which the author first presented in his previous book, The Extinction of Nation-States (Kluwer, 1996). The proposed fusion of Universal Democracy and (...) Free State is designed to revolutionize the classical theory of government and to offer a new paradigm that accommodates both universality and uniqueness. Scholars, teachers and students of international law, constitutional law, legal theory, and Islamic law will find this book a source of valuable ideas. (shrink)

The subject of this study was chosen with the aim of reaching the integrity and authenticity of the narrations that reveal the interpretive meaning in the vocabulary of the Qur’an. Therefore, it is known that jurists and researchers face many problems in correcting the narrations related to the legal rulings. It is necessary to stop at correct or reliable narrations because they contribute to revealing the legal ruling. They are of higher importance if they are related to the jurisprudence of (...) the Qur’an, which necessitated choosing this research that stems from the problem due to the importance of reaching the later narrations used by the interpreters of the verses of the rulings. The study also focused on creating a new method in interpreting the verses of the rulings with the corresponding narrations, whether by chains of transmission or texts, in order to reach the reliability of the quadripartite victory. (shrink)

Bu çalışmanın odak noktası, siyaset bilgisi ile seçmen ilgilenimi arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek ve siyaset bilgisini ve seçmen ilgilenimini etkileyen sosyal ve demografik faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, Tokat ilinde yaşayan 18 yaş üstü 401 katılımcı üzerinde bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, siyaset bilgisi ile seçmen ilgilenimi arasında olumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, sosyal ve demografik faktörlerin siyaset bilgisi ve seçmen ilgilenimi üzerinde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örneğin, erkeklerin siyaset bilgisi ve ilgisi kadınlardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. 50 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin (...) siyasete olan ilgileri, orta yaş grubundakilere kıyasla daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Eğitim düzeyi incelendiğinde, ilkokul/ortaokul mezunlarının ve lisans mezunlarının siyasete olan ilgilerinin, lise ve ön lisans mezunlarından daha düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Meslek gruplarına bakıldığında, esnafların siyaset bilgisi, işsizlerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Memurların ve akademisyenlerin siyasete olan ilgileri, öğrenciler ve diğer meslek gruplarına kıyasla daha düşük çıkmıştır. Siyasi ve kültürel kimliklere göre farklılıklar incelendiğinde, siyasetten uzak duran bireylerin siyaset bilgisinin, diğer kesimlere kıyasla daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Milli görüşçü olarak kendini tanımlayanların siyasete olan ilgileri, muhafazakar/dindar, milliyetçi ve siyasetten uzak olanlara kıyasla daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, parti tercihinin oy verme davranışını etkilediğini düşünenlerin siyasete olan ilgileri, bu etkiden bahsetmeyenlere kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, mevcut partisi dışında başka bir partiye oy verebileceğini belirtenlerin siyaset bilgisi ve ilgileri, başka bir partiye kesinlikle oy vermeyeceğini ifade edenlere kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, siyasi partilerin seçmenlere projelerini, hedeflerini ve ideolojilerini tanıtırken ve propaganda yaparken hedef kitlelerini belirleme konusunda rehberlik edebilir. (shrink)

The aim of this article was to provide experimental evidence that classical dissociation between levels of consciousness associated with memory retrieval can be explained in terms of task dependency and distinctiveness of traces. In our study phase, we manipulated the level of isolation of the memory trace by means of an isolation paradigm . We then tested these two types of isolation in a series of tasks of increasing complexity: a lexical decision task, a recognition task, and a free recall (...) task. The main result of this study was that distinctiveness effects were observed as a function of the type of isolation and the nature of the task. We concluded that trace distinctiveness improves subsequent access to the trace, while the level of trace distinctiveness also appears to determine the possibility of conscious or explicit retrieval. (shrink)

Barzykowski and Moulin argue that common memory processes form the basis of involuntary autobiographical memory and the déjà vu experience. We think that they underemphasize the potential dissociability between processes that enact retrieval and the processes that produce conscious experience. We propose that retrieval and conscious experience result from different processes in both involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu experiences.

Islamic law; interpretation and construction; Shiites.

This article provides an empirical study on rethinking teaching culture and its impact on learning language in second language (L2) teaching classroom. The study sample consists of twenty students majoring in English as participants, randomly selected from fourth year students, Department of English and Translation, AlQalam University, Yemen. The participants’ task was to choose the best translation for twenty English proverbs each. The translation test was constructed on Google.Sheets. The findings indicate that students’ performance has developed considerably through teaching them (...) the culture of the proverbs involved. This was supported by a follow-up survey questionnaire, whose results consolidated the study findings that culture should be taught vis-à-vis language in L2 classroom. (shrink)

al-ḥalqah 1. Fī dirāsat ʻilm al-manṭiq -- al-ḥalqah 2. al-Manṭiq -- al-ḥalqah 3. Manṭiq al-ishārāt.