O presente trabalho aborda questões conceituais sobre o racismo no Brasil relacionadas ao processo histórico de colonização, destacando a criação de um imaginário coletivo hegemônico, eurocêntrico, patriarcal, reproduzido pela ideologia dominante e reforçado por práticas racistas nas relações sociais. Por outro lado, trazemos a decolonialidade como uma ruptura epistemológica que procura romper com as ideologias coloniais dominantes que imperam sobre o pensamento ocidental e aponta saídas para o enfrentamento do racismo estrutural. O aporte teórico se dá pelo olhar decolonial de (...) autores como Walter Mignolo (2017), Anibal Quijano (2009), Molefi Asante (2009), Nah Dove (2017) e Lélia Gonzales (1984) e das questões sobre raça, racismo, anti-racismo e racismo estrutural com autores como Kabengele Munanga (1999), Antônio Sérgio Alfredo Guimarães (1999), Carlos Moore (2007), Antônio Olímpio de Sant`Anna (2004). A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A sociedade precisa acreditar que o racismo existe para ser combatido, ao contrário da forma velada e negacionista como se apresenta no cotidiano brasileiro. Como resultados, temos um imaginário popular para formas de racismo específicos sedimentados culturalmente por um projeto de colonização que impôs e impõe a imagem do negro com características de inferioridade nas mais diversas instituições sociais existentes: racismo estrutural, racismo institucional, racismo midiático, racismo epistêmico e racismo ambiental. (shrink)

En este trabajo identificamos algunos factores que inciden en el tiempo de trabajo de los trabajadores chilenos en 2003. Se concluye que la precariedad laboral incide de modo significativo en las horas trabajadas sin embargo la relación cambia a partir de cierto nivel cuando las personas no pueden trabajar la jornada por falta de oportunidades. Ello sugiere que el sobre-trabajo y el sub-empleo son manifestaciones del mismo fenómeno por lo cual nuevas medidas para flexibilizar los derechos patronales agravarían estos problemas. (...) Asimismo, se devela una relación negativa entre salario por hora y horas trabajadas para cerca del 80% de los trabajadores. Esto hace pensar que las necesidades básicas están insatisfechas; además contradice la porción significativa de la curva de oferta laboral de los libros de texto de microeconomía. Estas relaciones se confirman en un modelo exploratorio añadiendo variables de control de tipo regional, demográfico y productivo. (shrink)

The objective of the current study was to propose a sensitivity analysis of a 3D left ventricle model in order to assess the influence of parameters on myocardial mechanical dispersion. A finite element model of LV electro-mechanical activity was proposed and a screening method was used to evaluate the sensitivity of model parameters on the standard deviation of time to peak strain. Results highlight the importance of propagation parameters associated with septal and lateral segments activation. Simulated curves were compared to (...) myocardial strains, obtained from echocardiography of one healthy subject and one patient diagnosed with intraventricular dyssynchrony and coronary artery disease. Results show a close match between simulation and clinical strains and illustrate the model ability to reproduce myocardial strains in the context of intraventricular dyssynchrony. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer las características sociodemográficas y laborales de las mujeres indígenas migrantes hidalguenses que se dedican al trabajo doméstico en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Para alcanzar este objetivo se explorarán la encuesta intercensal del 2015. En comparación con otros movimientos migratorios, la migración interna de mujeres en México ha sido poco estudiada, en particular la protagonizada por población indígena. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que las mujeres migrantes hidalguenses que se dedican al trabajo (...) doméstico remunerado en Nuevo León tienen condiciones de precariedad laboral como producto de la institucionalización social, cultural y jurídica de la desigualdad y la injusticia estructural. Es un trabajo desvalorizado socialmente, ya que se considera propio de la construcción social de los roles de género femenino, como consecuencia encontramos que se legitima la discriminación en términos jurídicos, ante la falta del reconocimiento económico y de sus derechos laborales. (shrink)

RESUMEN Introducción: El proceso de cuidar es el resultado de una construcción propia de cada situación, se origina con la identificación de los problemas de salud y las necesidades reales o potenciales de las personas, familia y comunidad que demandan cuidado. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del Diplomado Prevención del Síndrome de Burnout, en el autocuidado del personal de enfermería de la Atención Secundaria de Salud de la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, en el Hospital Amalia Simoni (...) Argilagos de Camagüey, durante el Diplomado Prevención del Síndrome de Burnout dirigido al personal de enfermería de la Atención Secundaria de Salud. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta y el Test Psicológico de Maslach y Jackson al inicio y al final de la aplicación del Diplomado. Los datos aportados por estos instrumentos se complementaron con los provenientes de la aplicación de la técnica del PNI. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino. El total de los cursistas son licenciados en Enfermería. Con la ejecución del diplomado se constatan cambios importantes en cuanto a la autopreparación, el rendimiento, los hábitos de descanso, satisfacción personal y realización de ejercicios físicos. Discusión: La aplicación del diplomado logró transformar estilos de trabajo, afrontamientos al estrés, así como una mejor satisfacción personal y colectiva. ABSTRACT Introduction: The process of taking care is the result of a proper construction of every situation, it originates with the identification of the problems of health and the real or potential needs of the persons, family and community that demand care. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Postgraduate Course Prevention of the Syndrome of Burnout, in the self-care of the personnel of infirmary of the Secondary Attention of Health of the Camagüey province. Methods: a descriptive, observational study was carried out in the Hospital Amalia Simoni Argilagos of Camagüey, during Postgraduate Course Prevention of the Syndrome of Burnout directed to the personnel of infirmary of the Secondary Attention of Health. For that reason, a survey and the Psychological Test of Maslach and Jackson was applied at the beginning and at the end of the application of the course. The information contributed by these instruments complemented itself with the originated ones from the application of the technique of the PNI. Results: The sex that predominated was the feminine one. All of the students are licensed in Infirmary. With the execution of the course important changes are stated as for the self-preparation, the yield, the habits of rest, personal satisfaction and achievement of physical exercises. Discussion: The application of the course managed to transform styles of work, confrontations to the stress, as well as a better personal and collective satisfaction. (shrink)

The world's population is currently overcoming one of the worst pandemics, and the psychological and social effects of this are becoming more apparent. We will present an analysis of the psychosocial effects of COVID-19: first, a cross-sectional study in an Ecuadorian sample and second, a comparative study between two samples from the Ecuadorian and Spanish populations. Participants completed an online survey to describe how they felt before and after confinement; analyze which emotional and behavioral variables predict depressive symptoms, anxiety, and (...) stress perceived after the confinement; carry out a comparative study in a sample of Ecuadorian and Spanish surveys. Results indicate, first, that Ecuadorians experience significantly more depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress after confinement. Second, variables which predict depressive symptoms and anxiety are greater public prosocial tendency, less stress as a challenge, and greater stress as a threat, as well as an empathetic tendency that implies greater emotional regulation. Experienced stress after confinement was predicted by a greater public prosocial tendency, as well as an empathetic tendency. Finally, scores for depression, anxiety, and stress are higher after confinement in both countries. However, results reveal the similarity of the psychosocial effects that are being experienced, regardless of the country, and the differences in the variables that can help explain these effects. This can contribute to the constitution of intervention plans which aim to soften and alleviate the effects produced by a situation such as that experienced with COVID-19. (shrink)

Este estudo enfoca os estilos de vida de adolescentes escolares a fim de identificar tanto as práticas protetivas quanto as arriscadas entre grupos de adolescentes. O estudo transversal contou com uma amostra de 1210 adolescentes escolares de nono ano do ensino fundamental de 66 escolas públicas est.

Reconstruction of human ecosystems and their stability over time provides knowledge of the processes of adaptability developed by isolated communities. Seasonality of vital events is a good indicator of the effects of different lifestyles, which in turn depend on the ecological context in which a population developed specific subsistence models. Seasonality of births reflects the cultural attitude towards the best time to conceive, in relation to work activities and loads; the latter may also affect physiological functions related to fertility. The (...) present research concerns gross birth rates and seasonality of births and conceptions during four centuries in south-central Italy. Birth rates were between 33·0 and 36·5 per 1000. The pattern of seasonality of births and, by extension, of conceptions defines a southern-type agricultural area for the earlier periods. However, it also shows a progressive shift towards an increasing concentration of conceptions in spring namely from April to August – with a large increase in summer in the 19th century with respect to the previous periods. The new 19th century pattern is reported by Crisafulli, Dalla Zuanna & Solero (2000) as being representative of the central Adriatic region, a geographical classification to which Abruzzo can also be attributed. (shrink)

We examine the extent to which host country income inequality influences multinational enterprises’ (MNE) expansion strategy for foreign production investment, depending on their specific strategic objectives. Applying a transaction cost framework, we predict that national income inequality has an inverted U-shaped relationship with foreign production investment. As inequality increases, MNEs accrue lower transaction costs arising from interactions with various local actors, leading to higher probability of investment. As income inequality increases further, its effect on location attractiveness will become negative, as (...) its attraction effect is increasingly offset by additional monitoring, bargaining, and security costs owing to the more fractious nature of high inequality societies. In addition, we suggest that the impact of income inequality is contingent on investment objectives: The inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger for efficiency-seeking investment but weaker for market-seeking and competence-enhancing investments. We find substantial support for our hypotheses through an analysis of 27 years (1986-2012) of data on Japanese MNEs’ overseas production entries. (shrink)

This text is an interview given by Prof. Dr. Alfredo Pereira Jr. to Leonardo Ferreira Almada, on the occasion of the call for publication of interviews with different Brazilian philosophers. In response to the goal of the Trans/Form/Ação journal call, we sought to carry out an interview in which a PhD professor with an established career presents some elements of his personal and academic stories, as well as clarifies important points of his research, some of his theses and vision (...) of the world based on questions asked by another professor, a historical research partner, and in-depth knowledge of the interviewee’s career. (shrink)

Despite the widely known Latin proverb, according to which about tastes it should not be discussed, concerning judgments of taste, we do dispute. However, based on what? If someone disagrees with our judgment, judging differently than us, we seek arguments to try to convince them otherwise. But by which arguments? The paper dwells on the issues about what underlies the arguments we use to justify our judgments of taste and how reliable these arguments are. From eighteenth-century philosophy to contemporary philosophy (...) of consciousness and mind, the aim here is to show that judgments of taste involve self-knowledge and that the question “how does it feel?”, at first glance simple, does not seem to be so easy to answer. (shrink)

Gaston Bachelard pasó la Primera Guerra Mundial en las trincheras y la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la Sorbona. Sin embargo, a diferencia de muchos otros filósofos franceses de su tiempo, no escribió nada sobre la situación política de sus circunstancias. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar el sorprendente silencio político de Bachelard. En primer lugar, demuestro que su pensamiento se desarrolla en dos campos: la epistemología y la imaginación poética. Luego, siguiendo a Jean Libis y Michel Fabre, muestro que (...) es posible explicar la razón de su silencio epistemológico: la dimensión política de su filosofía de la ciencia estaría inscrita en sus reflexiones sobre la ciudad científica y el papel de la escuela en la sociedad. Finalmente, propongo una hipótesis original sobre la dimensión política de su obra dedicada a la imaginación poética: su silencio político es, en sí mismo, un acto político – y el camino hacia la libertad no se encuentra en el mundo de la acción entre los hombres, sino en el camino de la poesía. (shrink)

Returning to the famous prologue to the book Difference and Repetition, in which Gilles Deleuze points out that the time is approaching when it would not be possible to write a philosophy book as before, we will try to think about the deleuzian evocation of the need to adopt a new tone and new rules for the exercise philosophical. We believe that resuming this philosopher's appeal would launch us into the heart of deleuzian and deleuze-guattarian conception of philosophy as experimentation. (...) The author suggesting that a philosophical treatise should sound as much like a kind of detective novel as it does like science fiction. This excursion, we argue, would not only help us in the deleuzian and deleuzo-guattarian understanding of philosophy as experimentation, but would also make it possible to outline some clues about the role of the history of philosophy at the heart of this conception. (shrink)

The Critique of Pure Reason—Kant’s First Critique—is one of the most studied texts in intellectual history, but as Alfredo Ferrarin points out in this radically original book, most of that study has focused only on very select parts. Likewise, Kant’s oeuvre as a whole has been compartmentalized, the three Critiques held in rigid isolation from one another. Working against the standard reading of Kant that such compartmentalization has produced, The Powers of Pure Reason explores forgotten parts of the First (...) Critique in order to find an exciting, new, and ultimately central set of concerns by which to read all of Kant’s works. Ferrarin blows the dust off of two egregiously overlooked sections of the First Critique—the Transcendental Dialectic and the Doctrine of Method. There he discovers what he argues is the Critique’s greatest achievement: a conception of the unity of reason and an exploration of the powers it has to reach beyond itself and legislate over the world. With this in mind, Ferrarin dismantles the common vision of Kant as a philosopher writing separately on epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics and natural teleology, showing that the three Critiques are united by this underlying theme: the autonomy and teleology of reason, its power and ends. The result is a refreshing new view of Kant, and of reason itself. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza en primera instancia la lectura y consideración hermenéutica que Ernesto Volkening realiza de la obra de Nicolás Gómez Dávila. Tras una presentación de las pautas interpretativas que se dan en el Diario de lectura de Volkening, se considera luego el interés de losautores por la arquitectura y el urbanismo modernos, como claves para la crítica del modo de vida reificante del hombre actual. Posteriormente, se ilustran las pautas que abordan la historia y la historicidad, bajo la idea (...) de una comprensión hermenéutica gestada en los contextos, opuesta a cualquier determinismo y puesta en marcha bajo la impronta de la singularidad e individualidad. (shrink)

The importance of the collective management of immaterial resources is a key variable in the valorisation of products in a post-industrial economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how, in post-industrial economies, it is possible to devise alternative forms of mediation between producers and consumers, such as organic farmers' markets, to curb the appropriation of rent by transnational and/or local business elites from the value created by immaterial resources. More specifically, we analyse those aspects of the collective management (...) of ethical values that, in the case of organic farmers' markets, can be a strategic source of competitive advantage for local producers. In this paper, the Ecomercado de Granada is studied as an example of mediation between production and consumption in a post-industrial economy. (shrink)

Epistemological disjunctivism is a philosophical theory that has received special attention in the recent years. Particularly because it has been seen by many as a way of renewing discussions that range from the nature of justification of our daily beliefs to the possibility of unveiling the structure of the problem of radical skepticism and of responding to it. Duncan Pritchard is one of the authors who have offered a particular view of disjunctivism and ways of conceiving of disjunctivist treatments to (...) such questions. His work has as its main source of inspiration the seminal work of John McDowell. In this paper, I present a way of understanding the problem ofradicalskepticism and the mannerin which epistemological disjunctivism aimsto offer solutionsto it. In orderto do that, I present McDowell’s general proposal and discuss in which way his account differs from Pritchard’s own disjunctivism. At the end, I try to show how Pritchard’s approach tries to respond to radical skepticism not only by appealing to a disjunctivist reading of our epistemic position, but also by offering a revision of our structure of reasons. (shrink)

Hegel is, arguably, the most difficult of all philosophers. To find a way into his thought interpreters have usually approached him as though he were developing Kantian and Fichtean themes. This book demonstrates in a systematic way that it makes much more sense to view Hegel's idealism in relation to the metaphysical and epistemological tradition stemming from Aristotle. The book offers an account of Hegel's idealism in light of his interpretation, discussion, assimilation and critique of Aristotle's philosophy. There are explorations (...) of Hegelian and Aristotelian views of system and history; being, metaphysics, logic, and truth; nature and subjectivity; spirit, knowledge, and self-knowledge; ethics and politics. No serious student of Hegel can afford to ignore this major interpretation. It will also be of interest in such fields as political science and the history of ideas. (shrink)

São poucos os professores/as que podemos dizer que a sua história de vida se confunde literalmente com a história de um determinado curso. Que sabe contar com riqueza de detalhes as mudanças arquitetônicas que o prédio sofreu, como se deu o início do curso, quem eram os professores/as, qual era o nome das disciplinas do antigo currículo, bem como das transformações pedagógicas e curriculares realizadas ao longo da história para que ele se tornasse aquilo que ele é hoje. Não é (...) fácil encontrarmos alguém no presente que continua a manter viva a memória cristalina de um passado pouco documentado. Sem nenhuma dúvida, existem poucos professores e professoras na Universidade Federal do Piauí que possuem o privilégio de serem esse “contador de histórias” do curso que trabalham, que possuem uma vivência longa com a instituição. No caso do curso de Filosofia da UFPI, este docente possui nome e sobrenome: Gerson Albuquerque de Araújo Neto. (shrink)

Nós, seres humanos, somos a única espécie viva da face da terra que literalmente somos submetidos a um processo de instrução formal. E dentro desta amplo processo de formação cultural que experienciamos intensamente ao longo da nossa trajetória existencial - desenhada por meio dos traços intersubjetivos que estabelecemos com as instituições educacionais que contribuíram efetivamente para que nos tornássemos aquilo que somos do ponto de vista intelectual, afetivo, moral e profissional - arrisco a dizer que, todos nós, de algum modo, (...) guardamos no reinado da memória a lembrança potente e afetuosa de um educador ou educadora que marcou de maneira significativa a nossa vida. (shrink)

Partant de l’hypothèse que le sens des noms se constitue dans l’événement de leur énonciation, ce texte analyse la question des noms propres d’établissements commerciaux, en considérant l’énonciation des noms tels qu’ils apparaissent sur les façades des magasins. Il montre que leur sens est lié à la manière d’identifier ces établissements qui, une fois identifiés, constituent le lieu social de leurs destinataires en tant que consommateurs.