En este artículo se presentan algunos elementos para el debate en torno a la relación entre publicidad y arte. Algunos autores han señalado que la publicidad es el arte en la era de la muerte del arte, sin embargo, discutiremos esta afirmación tomando como punto de anclaje la diferente lógica de estos dos campos de la producción imaginística y estética. Para ello nos centraremos en los fines, en los destinatarios y en la autoría, tanto en lo referido a las artes (...) como a la publicidad. This article presents an advance for discussion about the relationship between advertising and art. Some authors have argued that advertising is an art in times when art has died. However, we will discuss this statement considering the logic of these two different fields, both image and aesthetic production. To that effect, we will focus on the purposes, addressees and authorship, all of them in regard to the arts and advertising. (shrink)

Bart Pattyn: Needless to say, we are more than pleased with the willingness of Michael Walzer to be here in Leuven. After the stimulating lecture yesterday we now have the opportunity to pose some questions to Michael Walzer in the same room where we talked with his friend, Harry Frankfurt, as well as with Bernard Williams. I have asked Professor Selling to moderate this discussion which I am sure he will do with a firm hand.Joseph Selling: We have (...) two papers which Prof. Walzer, and many of you, have read in advance. Perhaps we can take the questions from the authors of those papers and then take other questions. (shrink)

BLWith new text and full apparatus criticusThe Eudemian Ethics was one of two ethical treatises which Aristotle wrote on the subject of ethica or `matters to do with character'. Although the two works cover much the same ground, the Nicomachean Ethics is better known; the poor manuscript tradition of the Eudemian Ethics has made correct translation and interpretation of the text extremely difficult. The subject of the work is the choice of a certain means of conduct, made by a `man (...) of practical wisdom', between two extremes of behaviour: asceticism and yielding to uncontrolled impulses. Aristotle also stresses the notion of moral intention and the importance of virtue of character. This new Oxford Classical Text of the Eudemian Ethics is the result of many years of work. After Sir David Ross's death, his original text was substantially reworked and revised by his friend and colleague R. R. Walzer, who was aided in the revision by his former pupil Mrs Jean Mingay, who continued his work after his death in 1974. Mrs Mingay was fortunate in being able to make use of previously unpublished contributions from D. J. Allan after his death in the late seventies, and more recently has been helped in her work by the suggestions of Professor D. A. Russell, David Robinson, and Christopher Rowe. (shrink)

A través de un estudio de caso y bajo el paradigma de investigación cualitativa, este artículo contribuye con evidencia que da cuenta de la conformación de los repertorios lingüísticos de estudiantes universitarios en el centro-norte de México, así como los espacios en donde ejercen prácticas lingüísticas flexibles.

Este trabajo se propone estudiar las características de los paralogismos de composición y división (Retórica II 24.II, 1401a), de la consecuencia (Retórica II 24.VI, 1401b20-30) y de la causa aparente (Retórica II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), de modo de analizar si Eurípides los utiliza en el agón de Andrómaca de los versos 577 a 746 This paper intends to study the characteristics of paralogisms due to composition and division (Rhetoric II 24.II, 1401a), due to consequent (Rhetoric II 24.VI, 1401b20-30), and due to (...) false cause (Rhetoric II 24.VII, 1401b30-34), in order to analyze if Euripides uses them in the agon in Andromache (577-746). (shrink)

Condensed to bumper-sticker pith, What It Means to Be an American asks everyone to Honk If You Hate Us-Against-Them Thinking. Offering a fine antidote to exclusionist tripe about 'Americanism, ' Walzer grabs Pat Buchanan by the hyphens and doesn't let go.--The Philadelphia Inquirer. Lightning Print On Demand Title.

By giving sympathy a central role, Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) can be regarded as one of the ‘enlightened’ moral theories of the Enlightenment, insofar as it widened the scope of moral consideration beyond the traditionally restricted boundary of human beings. This, although the author himself does not seem to have been aware of this fact. In this paper, I want to focus on two aspects which I think lead to this conclusion. First, by making sentience the requisite (...) to be taken into moral consideration, nonhuman animals in Smith’s moral theory can count as moral patients towards whom we should exercise the virtue of beneficence (if not justice). Secondly, Smith’s idea of morality as working in concentric circles –generating more stringent duties towards those closer to us– could explain and perhaps also justify our caring for some nonhuman animals, especially pets. (shrink)

What does the basic right to subsistence allow its holders to do for themselves when it goes unfulfilled? This book guides the reader through the morality of infringing property rights for subsistence, in a global context.

John Locke’s justification of property rights starts with the idea that mixing one’s labor with previously unowned (natural) physical objects entitles one to ownership of the resulting product. American philosopher Robert Nozick presents this idea in Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974), but notes that things are not as straightforward as they might seem. On the contrary, Nozick writes, there are instances where by mixing one’s labor with something in nature, one loses one’s labor without making any gain: “If I own (...) a can of tomato juice and spill it in the sea so that its molecules (made radioactive, so I can check this) mingle evenly throughout the sea, do I thereby come to own the sea, or have I foolishly dissipated my tomato juice?” The answer is obviously the latter, he argues; and he suggests that what Locke really had in mind was that what one ought to own is not the full resulting product of one’s labor, but rather the value added to the original product before the laboring took place. In this article, I claim that one of the most common arguments supporting patents over genetically modified organisms (GMOs) rests on the same misunderstanding. I present three possible defenses that might be given to support it, and show how they fail. (shrink)

This classic work examines the issues surrounding military theory, war crimes, and the spoils of war from the Athenian attack on Melos to the My Lai massacre.

Earlier work has demonstrated that attention is indirectly cognitively malleable by processes of self-association – processes by which agents explicitly associate an item with the self. We extend this work by considering the manipulation of attention to both salient and non-salient objects. We demonstrate that self-association impacts attentional processing not only of non-salient objects, but also regarding salient items known to command attention. This result indicates the flexibility and susceptibility of attentional processing to cognitive manipulation.

My aim in this article is to present the formation of poblaciones callampa in Chile during the second half of the twentieth century (especially between 1950 and 1970), as an expression of the right of necessity of thousands of homeless persons. I suggest that this social phenomenon is the germ of the consequent tomas de sitio (illegal encampments), where the requisites to take part were “to be poor, to have children, three sticks and a flag”. The individual right of necessity (...) is the foundation of the formal claims of politically organized groups looking for a permanent place to live that fulfilled minimal criteria of social justice. Although the argument is focused on the specific case of the Chilean callampas, I suggest that it may be applied to other cases of precarious, illegal settlements in Latin America and worldwide. (shrink)

Certains des moments qui ont marqué la liesse de la révolte de 2019 et le rejet encore incompréhensible de la proposition constitutionnelle, qui reprenait une grande partie des revendications de la rue, sont déroulés sous forme de flashs. Passé, présent et futur se confondent dans ce récit et émergent d’une photographie autour de laquelle s’articulent ces mots : un homme en costume-cravate, un policier, une foule en révolte, un silence spectral.

En este trabajo ofrecemos la traducción del latín al español del Liber de convenientia fidei et intellectus in obiecto de Ramón Llull, con introducción y notas. Se trata de una obra en la que el filósofo mallorquín efectúa una síntesis de su pensamiento en torno de las relaciones entre fe y razón, así como de su posición respecto de la defensa de la fe católica y la conversión de los no cristianos. El opúsculo, que se muestra como un trabajo definitivo (...) en cuanto al establecimiento de la relación mencionada, hecha mano de los elementos fundamentales de su sistema, el Ars magna, pero aun así es una rara avis dentro de la opus luliana: está pleno de citas bíblicas y alusiones a las auctoritates eclesiásticas más renombradas, unas y otras ausentes en la mayoría de las obras lulianas. In this paper we offer the translation from Latin to Spanish of Ramón Llull´s Liber de convenientia fidei et intellectus in obiecto with introduction and notes. This is a work where the mallorcan philosopher makes a synthetic framework of his thinking on the relationship between faith and reason, as well as of his position towards the defense of catholic faith and conversion of non-christian people. The text, which is shown as a definitive work in the setting of this relationship, uses the most characteristic principles of his system, Ars magna, but still is a rara avis inside the opus lulliana: is full of biblical quotations and allusions to the most renowned ecclesiastical auctoritates, all these absents in most lullian woks. (shrink)

En este escrito presentamos los principales resultados de un trabajo de investigación realizado entre 2010 y 2012, que tuvo como uno de sus objetivos centrales analizar las representaciones de las condiciones objetivas de existencia asignadas a personajes de películas animadas infantiles. Se trabajó con tres producciones de gran consumo en el mercado mundial. El análisis realizado nos permite señalar que, a pesar de los cambios sociales que se produjeron a lo largo de casi 40 años, las películas infantiles tienden a (...) recuperar modos de representación históricamente legitimadas, que coadyuvan a la reproducción de sentidos y jerarquías dominantes. (shrink)

La modernidad como época histórica, pero sobre todo como imaginario social, ha sido uno de los temas más estudiados de manera amplia por el pensador canadiense Charles Taylor. En este artículo se explora el concepto de Estructuras cerradas de mundo a través del cual el autor afirma que la modernidad se mueve en un marco de comprensión cerrado a la trascendencia y que dicho marco ha sido configurado desde el pensamiento filosófico como consecuencia de algunas posturas epistemológicas, éticas y antropológicas. (...) El contraste entre lo cerrado y lo abierto, la inmanencia y la trascendencia, son las claves de comprensión que el autor propone para configurar el mapa del pensamiento moderno y contemporáneo, y así explicar dinámicas como la secularidad y las consecuencias culturales del desarrollo científico y tecnológico. (shrink)

What kinds of political arrangements enable people from different national, racial, religious, or ethnic groups to live together in peace? In this book one of the most influential political theorists of our time discusses the politics of toleration. Michael Walzer examines five "regimes of toleration"—from multinational empires to immigrant societies—and describes the strengths and weaknesses of each regime, as well as the varying forms of toleration and exclusion each fosters. Walzer shows how power, class, and gender interact with (...) religion, race, and ethnicity in the different regimes and discusses how toleration works—and how it should work—in multicultural societies like the United States. Walzer offers an eloquent defense of toleration, group differences, and pluralism, moving quickly from theory to practical issues, concrete examples, and hard questions. His concluding argument is focused on the contemporary United States and represents an effort to join and advance the debates about "culture war," the "politics of difference," and the "disuniting of America." Although he takes a grim view of contemporary politics, he is optimistic about the possibility of coexistence: cultural pluralism and a common citizenship can go together, he suggests, in a strong and egalitarian democracy. (shrink)

At Universitat Politècnica de València, Meridies, an internship programme that places engineering students in countries of Latin America, is one of the few opportunities the students have to explore the implications of being a professional in society in a different cultural and social context. This programme was analyzed using the capabilities approach as a frame of reference for examining the effects of the programme on eight student participants. The eight pro-public-good capabilities proposed by Melanie Walker were investigated through semi-structured interviews. (...) The internship is an environment in which students can put into practice the knowledge they have acquired in undergraduate studies and to find practical relevance in what they studied. Occasionally, this also entails a critical questioning of what they have learned, a greater awareness of the limits of the contents of their studies and of the way things were taught, and interest in less explored issues that are closely linked to social justice. However, tensions can arise between the pro-public-good oriented perspectives of this programme, and a more instrumental vision. One way to overcome these tensions is to foster consideration of reflexivity, that is, the dynamic relationship between technology and society. To do so, the programme must create space before and during the internship, and upon the return of the students, to discuss and collectively reflect upon their lived experience. Additionally, it ought to engage supervisors in this educational journey, both at the university and in the host institutions, and also involve socially committed organisations in this task. (shrink)

Recent scientific studies suggest that the destabilisation of the earth's climate and biodiversity loss are not separate, but interdependent phenomena. In this context, some have proposed the creation of a ‘Global Safety Net’ of ecoregions that should be preserved to stop further biodiversity loss, preventing at the same time the growth of CO2 emissions produced by deforestation and allowing natural carbon removal. In this article, I suggest that a first step to achieve this might be to replace permanent sovereignty over (...) natural resources in these areas with permanent guardianship. I propose to take some inspiration from a model that has already been implemented over an entire continent with a fair degree of success. In 1959, the Antarctic Treaty froze the sovereign claims of seven countries over Antarctica. However, these countries plus 47 others today have been remarkably successful at jointly preserving the continent for peace, science, and the protection of the environment, especially since the signature of the Environmental Protocol in 1991. After outlining some principles that could give form to a Global Environmental Protocol for Ecoregions, I address a series of objections and offer some concluding remarks. (shrink)

Contents: Introduction, Bibliography On the Sects for Beginners An Outline of Empiricism On Medical Experience Index of the Persons Mentioned in the Texts Index of the Subjects Mentioned in the Texts.

Our brains readily decode facial movements and changes in social attention, reflected in earlier and larger N170 event-related potentials (ERPs) to viewing gaze aversions vs. direct gaze in real faces (Puce et al. 2000). In contrast, gaze aversions in line-drawn faces do not produce these N170 differences (Rossi et al., 2014), suggesting that physical stimulus properties or experimental context may drive these effects. Here we investigated the role of stimulus-induced context on neurophysiological responses to dynamic gaze. Sixteen healthy adults viewed (...) line-drawn and real faces, with dynamic eye aversion and direct gaze transitions, and control stimuli (scrambled arrays and checkerboards) while continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. EEG data from 2 temporo-occipital clusters of 9 electrodes in each hemisphere where N170 activity is known to be maximal were selected for analysis. N170 peak amplitude and latency, and temporal dynamics from event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) were measured in 16 healthy subjects. Real faces generated larger N170s for averted vs. direct gaze motion, however, N170s to real and direct gaze were as large as those to respective controls. N170 amplitude did not differ across line-drawn gaze changes. Overall, bilateral mean gamma power changes for faces relative to control stimuli occurred between 150-350 ms, potentially reflecting signal detection of facial motion. Our data indicate that experimental context does not drive N170 differences to viewed gaze changes. Low-level stimulus properties, such as the high sclera/iris contrast change in real eyes likely drive the N170 changes to viewed aversive movements. (shrink)

Procesos como el estallido social chileno, o las recientes protestas en Venezuela a raíz de los resultados electorales, son algunos de los muchos ejemplos en la historia reciente de Latinoamérica que nos indican el aparente agotamiento de los mecanismos tradicionales de la política estatal, así como de su léxico político. Bajo esta premisa surgió, en el seno del giro decolonial, la reflexión sobre le concepto de la poshegemonía. Este concepto apareció con el objetivo de repensar la hegemonía gramsciana desde los (...) estudios culturales y decoloniales, para cuestionar la relación entre las clases dominantes y las dominadas. Para este fin, se desarrolló una serie de reflexiones teóricas que, partiendo de una amalgama de influencias de la filosofía política contemporánea, buscaban, a su vez, repensar los cauces de la política en el marco del Estado-nación, y que ponían en el centro de la reflexión a la figura de la subalternidad. El presente artículo ahonda en las influencias filosóficas de la poshegemonía, proporciona un análisis sobre la capacidad emancipatoria de dicho concepto en su carácter epistemológico y teórico, y concluye ciertas lecciones sobre la exploración conceptual en la que se embarcan los estudios latinoamericanos al lidiar con la realidad poscolonial y la transformación de la vida política en el subcontinente. (shrink)

La disminución de dopamina en los ganglios basales es la principal causa de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Además de las disfunciones motrices, los individuos con EP presentan alteraciones cognitivas que incluyen déficits de control atencional y temporal, de percepción del ritmo de la música y del habla, y de procesamiento del lenguaje. El circuito estriado-tálamo-cortical, participa en la comprensión musical y del habla. Personas con EP presentan problemas en distinguir las estructuras rítmicas por verse afectado el funcionamiento de los GB (...) y, por lo tanto, el control de su pulso interno en el CETC. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que personas con EP pueden mejorar su sincronización temporal interna mediante el acompañamiento de señales auditivas externas temporalmente predecibles. Estudios argumentan que señales de este tipo pueden compensar la vía disfuncional CETC mediante una interface con el circuito cerebelo-tálamo-cortical el cual es sensible a la codificación de eventos temporales. (shrink)