This article draws on the teachings of the Pali Canon and the contemporary lineages that are guided by its principles. In particular, reference is made to the author’s mentors in the Thai Forest Tradition. It explores the respective roles of goal-directed effort and contentment in the process of meditative training, and skilful and unskilful variations on these. Effort is needed, but can be excessive, unreflectively mindless, unaware of gradually developed results, or misdirected. Contentment can be misunderstood to imply that skilful (...) desire has no role in practice, and lead to passivity; though it is needed to dampen down an over-energized mind, or motivation rooted in aversion or ambition, and comes from insight-based non-attachment. Right effort avoids the craving to become or to get rid of, but is associated with a skilful chanda/desire that is an aspect of the iddhi-p?das, the Bases of Spiritual Power. Mindfulness aids the balance of energy and concentration in the Five Faculties, and the energizing and calming qualities in the Seven Factors of Enlightenment. In the end, from practising Dhamma in a way that is truly in accordance with Dhamma, progress naturally flows from seeing and becoming Dhamma. (shrink)

This is a review of a book by a neuroscientist who interviews some of the greatest Buddhists of our times.

O assim chamado “método estrutural de análise de texto” tem persistido no pensamento filosófico brasileiro, apesar das críticas recebidas e de seus sinais de esgotamento. A presente investigação pretende aventar algumas hipóteses acerca da sobrevida de tal procedimento, assim como analisar a relativa ausência de participação da filosofia no debate público nacional quando comparada tanto com a presença de áreas próximas quanto com a sua participação no debate estrangeiro.

Resumo: De acordo com parte da literatura, a teoria crítica de Adorno é um lamento sobre o fracasso da civilização moderna que é incapaz de dar conta de suas próprias condições de possibilidade. No presente artigo, questiono tal veredito, por meio da análise da questão de como a crítica pode ser feita e de quem seria o destinatário dela, em uma situação de quase completa dominação.: According to a certain part of the relevant literature, Adorno's critical theory is a lament (...) on the failure of modern civilization to explain its own conditions of possibility. In this paper, I question this verdict by analyzing the problem of how criticism can be done and who the addressee for it would be in a situation of almost complete domination. (shrink)

"The brightened mind is one that is able to make better choices," says Sumano Bhikkhu--choices appropriate to our true being that will lead to meaningful happiness and a fulfilled life. Having left the hectic world of Chicago real estate decades ago to become a Thai Buddhist monk, he knows what he's talking about. This simple, short introduction to meditation, particularly well suited to young people, can help anyone rattled with the stresses of living in today's society rife with financial uncertainty, (...) war, crime, and the psychological assaults of bosses, teachers, and the media. In plain language, Sumano explains techniques to sharpen alertness and quiet the mind. His methods increase awareness, strengthen positive mental states, and develop insight. Eventually, the feeling of being overwhelmed becomes replaced with a sense of innate brilliance and trust in one's natural abilities. Moreover, the meditation Sumano teaches opens access to the infinite wisdom of the Universal Mind. "We have the means to accomplish much more than we ever dreamed of," he says. "This connection to the divine realm is our birthright as human beings." An appendix on lovingkindness is an added benefit, providing the tools needed to face all challenges with a poised, cool, and compassionate heart. (shrink)

“Ponerle el cuerpo al trabajo” es en Chile tanto una expresión popular que resalta la materia-lidad del esfuerzo en todo tipo de actividad económica, como también una metáfora que nos lleva a reflexionar sobre la “falta de cuerpo” de la narrativa reciente, en que escasos relatos corporeizan las voces y experiencias de sus narradorxs a partir del trabajo físico/manual. Este artículo aborda una excepción, la novela Panaderos, de Nicolás Meneses, que presenta con detalle la cotidianidad de una madre temporera, un (...) padre panadero y la incursión del narrador, hijo mayor de esta familia, en la panadería de un supermercado. Todxs ellxs realizan oficios manuales descritos a partir del riesgo y el accidente corporal, bajo lógicas empresariales desprovistas de empatía o justicia, denunciadas por el estallido social chileno. (shrink)

Resenha de De Caux, Luiz Philipe. A Imanência da Crítica. Os sentidos da crítica na tradição frankfurtiana e pós-frankfurtiana. Edições Loyola, 2021.

Theodor W. Adorno's late critical theory is often regarded as quietist and resignated. This article seeks to question this verdict through an analysis of both the diagnosis of time made by the author as of the relationship between theory and praxis outlined in Frankfurtian thinker's late works. It is suggested that instead of resigned, Adorno's critical theory is engaged either in processes of resistance to the latent barbarism, whether in specific improvements that could be achieved within the existing order. This (...) engagement, however, does not mean a mitigation of the thesis that the possibility of emancipation would be blocked. (shrink)

Em Direito, legislação e liberdade, Friedrich August von Hayek dirige diversas críticas à ordem planejada implementada pelos Estados previdenciários no mundo ocidental. O presente artigo almeja analisar estas críticas, em especial os critérios normativos subjacentes a elas. Sua tese é que Hayek fracassa em suas críticas por: 1) cometer a falácia naturalista; 2) não diferenciar suficientemente a teoria das ordens espontâneas da teoria da evolução cultural; 3) não perceber que a teoria da evolução cultural pode ser conciliada com a ordem (...) planejada. (shrink)

Sabemos que durante las largas décadas que siguieron a su muerte, la obra y la imagen de Gabriela Mistral fueron sometidas a una utilización estereotipada y reduccionista, que solo a fines de la década de los ochenta fue revisada y desmontada con sagacidad política y literaria por críticos y críticas como las de Raquel Olea, Eliana Ortega, Soledad Bianchi, Adriana Valdés, Patricio Marchant, Grínor Rojo, Licia Fiol-Matta, entre otros.

In this paper I succinctly outline the standpoint from which Marx criticizes capitalism, namely, by pointing to the difference between the transforming potentiality of technology as developed under the capitalist mode of production, and its effective reality in this same system . On these grounds, I argue that Marx's critique of the capitalist system consists mainly in the fact that the permanent valorization of capital is the goal of production, and that this is an irrational aim which creates as a (...) result an abstract form of domination over individuals . Finally, I reinterpret the meaning of emancipation in Marx's later thought, arguing that it refers to an emancipation from this abstract domination, culminating in an emancipation from work in favor of the creation of increased disposable time .No presente artigo, traço, rapidamente, a perspectiva a partir da qual Marx constrói sua crítica ao capitalismo, a saber, a diferença entre o potencial transformador da técnica tal como desenvolvida sob o modo capitalista de produção e a sua realidade efetiva nesse mesmo sistema . Com isso feito, argumento que a crítica de Marx ao sistema capitalista consiste em grande parte no fato de a valorização permanente do capital ser a meta da produção, uma finalidade irracional e que cria uma dominação abstrata desse mecanismo sobre os indivíduos , de modo a, por fim, repensar o sentido de emancipação no pensamento marxiano tardio, sustentando, sobretudo, que se trata de uma emancipação dessa dominação abstrata que culmina, também, em uma emancipação do trabalho em prol da criação de cada vez mais tempo disponível. (shrink)

Resumo: A violência doméstica contra as mulheres é um mal que atinge todo o mundo e que é prati- cado comumente no interior das residências, pelas pessoas de seu convívio íntimo. Apesar da grande subnotificação, as polícias estaduais recebem alta demanda de denúncias dessa natureza. Diante das dificuldades de atuação policial inerentes a essa violência, uma estratégia de prevenção e intervenção a ser considerada é a entrevista motivacional: uma abordagem colaborativa que visa a mudança de comportamento baseada em estímulos com (...) foco na ambivalência. Baseamo-nos na premissa de que essa abordagem vem mudando comportamentos nocivos em várias áreas com resultados promissores, inclusive na violência doméstica, podendo, assim, contribuir para a interrupção do ciclo da violência. Esse artigo, fundamentado em pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, analisa em que medida a entrevista motivacional pode ser aplicada pela polícia nos casos de violência doméstica contra a mulher. (shrink)

El concepto de no-identidad no es solo uno de los conceptos más importantes de la obra Dialéctica Negativa de Theodor W. Adorno, sino también uno de los más enigmáticos. En buena medida, este carácter enigmático surge de un uso ambiguo o fluctuante del término en la obra. El pensador frankfurtiano utiliza el concepto tanto para referirse a la no-identidad entre el concepto y el objeto conceptualizado como crítica social, refiriéndose así al hecho de que los conceptos son apariencias socialmente necesarias (...) de una situación ilegítima; como para indicar la no-identidad entre concepto y objeto conceptualizado como crítica del conocimiento, mostrando así que el objeto excede lo que su concepto puede abarcar, mientras que también el concepto excede su objeto. En el presente artículo defiendo la tesis de que este uso fluctuante del término se debe a una interpretación problemática de la teoría de la plusvalía de Marx, la cual permite a Adorno vincular la crítica de la ideología (no-identidad entre concepto y conceptualizado como crítica social) con la crítica del fetichismo (no-identidad entre concepto y conceptualizado como crítica del conocimiento). Esta interpretación es crucial para justificar la tesis del protoparentesco entre el principio de intercambio y el principio de identidad, trayendo consecuencias para el proyecto adorniano de unir la crítica social con la crítica del conocimiento. (shrink)

Violence against women is a crime that causes countless victims all over the world. Specially when it occurs within the domestic and familiar environment, usually at home and perpetrated by people who are intimately related to the victims, calling the police might not be an option. Despite that, the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State answers around five thousand calls every month reporting cases of domestic violence against women. But how can the police improve the prevention of such invisible (...) crimes? How to prevent repetition? How to interrupt the cycle of violence? Based on a collaborative approach with stimuli to the behavioral change, the Motivational Interviewing has been broadly used in several areas, including domestic violence. Considering that this approach may contribute to the interruption of the domestic violence cycle, this research how it can be used by the police to tackle and prevent these crimes. Rio de Janeiro State – Brazil, was chosen as the scenario of research considering its leading position in reports of violence against women in the country. The Military Police of this state, is the subject of research, playing an interventive role in the response to emergency calls but also providing the follow-up of the applicable protective measures. (shrink)

The present article. entitled “Principles, values and attitudes in times of “liquid modernity”: Reflections on Franciscan pedagogy at Imaculada Conceição Franciscan School - Dourados - MS”, emerged from studies realized through Rede SCALIFRA -ZN, in the year of 2023, entitled “Itenerários Franciscanos” (Franciscan Itineraries)”, which dynamics was outlined by regional seminaries, involving eight elementary schools, belonged to the school network SCALIFRA -ZN. In this way, the reflection focus was the Franciscan Pedagogy, the teacher’s role and the teaching quality, on the (...) way to brighten and guarantee Franciscan principles, values and attitudes at the schools’ routine. This way, this article is based on the specific reflection made at Imaculada Conceição Franciscan School, starting from the “Franciscan Itinerary” in counterpoint to the idea of “Liquid Modernity” (Bauman, 2005), concept which deals with the diagnosis of contemporary, which is impacted by the liquidity of social relationships of the globalized and individualized world. (shrink)

Crusat, Cristian. La huida biográfica. (Nuevas formas de la biografía, nuevas representaciones del artista). Valencia: Pre-Textos, 2020.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous proteins with the capacity to bind heavy metal ions (mainly Cd, Zn or Cu), and they have been found in animals, plants, eukaryotic and prokaryotic micro‐organisms. We have carried out a comparative analysis of ciliate MTs (Tetrahymena species) to well‐known MTs from other organisms, discussing their exclusive features, such as the presence of aromatic amino acid residues and almost exclusive cysteine clusters (CCC) present in cadmium‐binding metallothioneins (CdMTs), higher heavy metal‐MT stoichiometry values, and a strictly conserved (...) modular–submodular structure. Based on this last feature and an extensive gene duplication, we propose a possible model for the evolutionary history of T. thermophila MTs. We also suggest possible functions for these MTs from consideration of their differential gene expressions and discuss the potential use of these proteins and/or their gene promoters for designing molecular or whole‐cell biosensors for a fast detection of heavy metals in diverse polluted ecosystems. (shrink)

The book discusses citizenship in the contemporary world; as a concept, as an ideal, as a policy and as a goal to be achieved from the perspective of different academic disciplines.

Las comunidades en línea han sido vistas como una nueva esfera social que coadyuva al surgimiento de procesos democráticos de forma más rápida y óptima, de lo que sucede en las relaciones del mundo físico. Sin embargo, los alcances y características de estas interacciones sociales aún están por verse. El propósito de este documento es discutir hasta qué punto la acción de los individuos en estas comunidades difiere del funcionamiento tradicional de cualquier comunidad ¿Hasta dónde los espacios virtuales cumplen con (...) las aspiraciones y promesas con las que han sido investidos? Un primer punto versará sobre las complejidades del establecimiento de comunidades en línea, para después pasar a determinar la forma en que se establecen las normas en estos espacios. Por último el trabajo se enfocará al estudio de caso de una comunidad virtual argentina denominada Taringa! (shrink)

Nas proximidades do novo milênio deparamo-nos com a construção de um progresso científico e tecnológico muito intenso, o qual coloca novas dimensões às desigualdades sociais, bem como impõe novas demandas à formação. O atual estágio de desenvolvimento das forças produtivas requer, mais do que nunca, o investimento no desenvolvimento humano, abrindo novas possibilidades para um avanço na necessária articulação entre as demandas do mundo do trabalho - expressas na categoria competência - com as do mundo social com um todo, que (...) se manifestam na ampliação dos espaços voltados à construção da cidadania. Esse artigo busca fundamentar a necessidade e a possibilidade dessa articulação, procurando captar possíveis elementos que constituem esse processo, junto às ações de formação desencadeadas pelo SESJ/Rs. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda a instituição de órgãos de polícia como representantes do poder e da autoridade do Estado sob a ótica da filosofia, sobretudo no contexto do contrato social, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica. Ainda que o homem tenha preterido sua liberdade natural em prol de uma liberdade assistida, e sendo a polícia um dos órgãos responsáveis por essa assistência, não há como afirmar que esse trabalho está correspondendo aos anseios da sociedade, sobretudo ao se analisar os índices de violência (...) que a envolvem. Nesse sentido, a sociedade vem questionando a necessidade da existência dessas instituições, muitas vezes, inclusive, pedindo sua extinção. (shrink)

Este artigo tem a pretensão de analisar a construção de alguns processos conceituais que levaram a justificativa da legitimação da dominação, subjugação e eliminação do corpo de seres humanos de pele escura, especificamente procedentes do continente africano e as respectivas terras para onde foram levados a força para serem escravizados. Ao receber a alcunha de negro pelo colonizador europeu, o africano começa a ser inserido em um estágio de construção de não-ser, não-humanidade e não-racionalidade. Classificado dessa forma o seu corpo (...) (a força de trabalho) foi utilizado como combustível para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo. Um corpo que poderia ser utilizado e descartado assim que se tornasse inútil para ser explorado. Mesmo após o sistema econômico escravagista ter sido extinto, as estratégias de eliminação do corpo negro não cessaram. Agora, como ameaça biológica, os sistemas políticos contemporâneos, atualizando técnicas coloniais executam esse mesmo corpo em forma de necropolítica. (shrink)

Structured in an essayistic manner, the work examines the debate instituted in Critical Theory around the methodology of social sciences and the tension between traditional Theory and the proposal of Critical Theory. It proposes to compare the particularities of this debate in the work of Max Horkheimer and Jürgen Habermas, establishing their tangencies and convergences, mainly in the discourse on the role of the emancipatory structuring of critical theory in the methodology of social sciences. Emphasizing how in the work of (...) both authors, the methodological guidance of critical theory promotes the emphasis on elucidating the truth in the process of political emancipation and social awareness that makes individuals and society approach freedom. (shrink)

O avanço científico e tecnológico e as transformações econômicas, políticas e sociais em curso colocam em um novo lugar a questão do trabalho e da formação dos trabalhadores, que passa a referir-se ao desenvolvimento humano global e abrangente, em níveis intelectuais, emocionais, sociais, políticos e comportamentais. As novas realidades demandam explicitar processos, relações e práticas de formação de forma a assinalar algumas rupturas necessárias e construir dimensões e indicadores que apontem caminhos para modelos sociopedagógicos voltados à instauração da competência e (...) à ampliação da cidadania. (shrink)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar uma proposta de solução do problema da identidade pessoal ao longo do tempo. Tal proposta consiste no conjunto de concepções que sugerem a continuidade como critério de reidentificação das pessoas. Apresentaremos a concepção de continuidade psicológica e, em seguida, avaliaremos seus alcances e limites no que se refere ao problema da identidade pessoal. Discutiremos também a noção de unidade que se pode extrair dos critérios de continuidade, bem como a possibilidade de se conceber (...) a permanência da identidade pessoal por referência a essa noção de unidade. Por fim, apresentaremos algumas sugestões para dar prosseguimento à investigação do problema da identidade pessoal. (shrink)

This study examined individual differences in sensitivity to human-like features of a robot’s behavior. The paradigm comprised a non-verbal Turing test with a humanoid robot. A “programmed” condition differed from a “human-controlled” condition by onset times of the robot’s eye movements, which were either fixed across trials or modeled after prerecorded human reaction times, respectively. Participants judged whether the robot behavior was programmed or human-controlled, with no information regarding the differences between respective conditions. Autistic traits were measured with the autism-spectrum (...) quotient questionnaire in healthy adults. We found that the fewer autistic traits participants had, the more sensitive they were to the difference between the conditions, without explicit awareness of the nature of the difference. We conclude that although sensitivity to fine behavioral characteristics of others varies with social aptitude, humans are in general capable of detecting human-like behavior based on very subtle cues. (shrink)

Animal vocalizations convey important information about the emitter, including sex, age, biological quality, and emotional state. Early on, Darwin proposed that sex differences in auditory signals and vocalizations were driven by sexual selection mechanisms. In humans, studies on the association between male voice attributes and physical formidability have thus far reported mixed results. Hence, with a view to furthering our understanding of the role of human voice in advertising physical formidability, we sought to identify acoustic attributes of male voices associated (...) with physical formidability proxies. Mean fundamental frequency, formant dispersion, formant position, and vocal tract length data from a sample of 101 male voices was analyzed for potential associations with height, weight, and maximal handgrip strength. F0 correlated negatively with HGS; Pf showed negative correlations with HGS, height and weight, whereas VTL positively correlated with HGS, height and weight. All zero-order correlations remained significant after controlling for false discovery rate with the Benjamini–Hochberg method. After controlling for height and weight—and controlling for FDR—the correlation between F0 and HGS remained significant. In addition, to evaluate the ability of human male voices to advertise physical formidability to potential mates, 151 heterosexual female participants rated the voices of the 10 strongest and the 10 weakest males from the original sample for perceived physical strength, and given that physical strength is a desirable attribute in male partners, perceived attractiveness. Generalized linear mixed model analyses—which allow for generalization of inferences to other samples of both raters and targets—failed to support a significant association of perceived strength or attractiveness from voices alone and actual physical strength. These results add to the growing body of work on the role of human voices in conveying relevant biological information. (shrink)

Nowadays and worldwide, the attention is focused on coronavirus disease, and its consequences on mental health are yet to be fully understood. It is important to capture differences in anxiety levels among populations, groups, and the gender-related variation. Therefore, the present study had two main purposes: to characterize the levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety by examining gender-related, sleep-related, and physical activity-related variations in a nonrepresentative sample of the Portuguese population during the first weeks of lockdown; and to explore (...) the possible relationship between trait anxiety and state anxiety and the possible role of gender as a moderator. This cross-sectional study comprised 1,332 Portuguese adults recruited online during COVID-19 outbreak measures. Participants answered to sociodemographic data and the Portuguese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Gender differences were found in both state anxiety and trait anxiety with females presenting higher values. People reporting doing more physical activity than usual during COVID-19 lockdown presented lower levels of state anxiety. People reporting more satisfaction with the quality of sleep presented lower levels of both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Variation associated with the physical activity level was significantly different among groups in both state anxiety and trait anxiety. When analyzing in more detail separating the levels of physical activity, participants performing moderate and high physical activity showed lower values of state and trait anxiety compared to participants with low physical activity. Participants performing high physical activity also showed lower values of state anxiety compared to participants performing moderate physical activity. Higher levels of trait anxiety were related to higher levels of state anxiety, but this association was not moderated by gender. Interventions aiming to support people psychologically during this outbreak should consider anxiety as well as gender and possible behavioral changes in sleep and physical activity, for example. Health professionals should not only consider the anxiety related to the situation we are living but also address trait anxiety to help overcome COVID-19 psychological consequences. (shrink)

This study explored the associations between physical activity anxiety levels, and the perception of satisfaction of basic psychological needs, during Coronavirus Disease 2019 lockdown. Thus, 1,404 participants ranging from 18 to 89 years old completed a questionnaire in the period between 1st and 15th April 2021. The survey included sociodemographic data and the following validated instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Basic Need General Satisfaction Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to examine variation in (...) anxiety levels and BPN satisfaction according to PA category. Spearman’s Rho correlations coefficients were used to determine the association between anxiety levels and psychological needs. Individuals presenting a higher level of PA revealed lower levels of anxiety-state. Differences between elements from different levels of PA were found for the autonomy, competence, and relatedness psychological needs, suggesting that those who feel their BPN as more satisfied have higher levels of PA. The study found statistically significant correlations between anxiety-state and the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. These findings support the importance that PA has in the anxiety levels during social isolation, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary teams in an individual-based approach. (shrink)