Instances of epistemic injustice elicit resistance, anger, despair, frustration or cognate emotional responses from their victims. This sort of response to the epistemic injustices that accompanied historical systems of oppression such as colonialism, for example, is normal. However, if their victims have internalised these oppressive situations, we could get the counterintuitive response of appreciation. In this paper, I argue for the phenomenon of appreciative silencing to make sense of instances like this. This is a form of epistemic silencing that happens (...) when the accepted hegemonic intuitions of the oppressed are formed/influenced by the ideologies of the oppressors over time. Here, we have a resilient, oppressive and hegemonic epistemic system. Put together, it creates a variant of epistemic injustice and silencing that is obscure since its victims are neither resistant nor aware of the injustice they face but are appreciative. (shrink)

One important thesis Ásta defends in Categories We Live By is that social properties and categories are somehow dependent on our thoughts, attitudes, or practices—that they are inventions of the mind, projected onto the world. Another important aspect of her view is that the social properties are related to certain base properties; an individual is placed in a category when the relevant base properties are thought to hold of them. I see the relationship between the social and the base as (...) connected to the problem of explaining how the social properties are sufficiently stable so as to be taken seriously, both in theoretical endeavors as well as in practical matters of how we relate to each other. In this light, I identify stability constraints for an adequate account of social categories. I argue that certain distinctive aspects of Ásta's conferralist view of social categories, such as the radical contextualism in her account of gender, undermine the stability of categories and are at odds with taking social categories seriously. I end with the suggestion that a distinctive “sheltered” form of normativity might help us do justice to Ásta's insights while avoiding some of the destabilizing elements of conferralism. (shrink)

Why should we decolonise knowledge? One popular rationale is that colonialism has set up a single perspective as epistemically authoritative over many equally legitimate ones, and this is a form of...

This text proposes an interpretation of the work of Franklin Leopoldo e Silva based on the reading of some of his numerous published articles and books, without neglecting the classes and guidance received from the stage of Scientific Initiation to Postdoctoral studies. Precisely, by highlighting the importance of three thinkers widely studied by Professor Franklin – Berkeley, Bergson and William James –, we suggest that at the heart of this philosophical experience there would be a constant: empiricism. Whether in the (...) classical or radical version, the line we draw in this multiplicity reveals an openness to concrete empiricism. (shrink)

Este artigo examina a relação entre subjetividade e vontade à luz de alguns resultados parciais obtidos em nossa pesquisa sobre a filosofia de Henri Bergson, cujo carro-chefe é a noção de “duração”. Pensar a subjetividade a partir da duração significa admitir que a transição ininterrupta que vai do passado para o futuro passando pelo presente é a temporalidade atuando no nível mais simples de nossa relação com o mundo. Destacamos a subjetividade a partir da duração porque já na percepção estamos (...) evocando o passado para iluminar o presente e, assim, podemos compreender o “problema” da subjetividade a partir de uma ação na qual se observa uma diferença de funções: a diferença entre o presente que atua e o passado que já não atua. É precisamente esse caráter temporal da ação que leva os comentadores de Bergson a interpretarem de maneira original a gênese da subjetividade, o papel da memória na percepção e a conceberem novos sentidos para o conceito de “vontade”. Por conseguinte, a estrutura argumentativa que adotamos neste texto deverá mover-se em três níveis de análise que correspondem, respectivamente, a três aspectos da subjetividade humana (percepção, memória e vontade). Desse modo, pretendemos ressaltar a temporalidade viva como marca registrada do bergsonismo. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a relação entre ser e perceber a partir da análise do princípio central da filosofia de George Berkeley - esse est percipi -, conforme é apresentado na obra A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Para desenvolver essa análise e seguindo o tratamento dado por Grayling à fundamentação desse princípio, pretendemos mostrar que os argumentos de Berkeley se dispõem em três níveis: o estritamente empírico ; o fenômenico ; e o metafísico que, em (...) última instânci, explica os dois anteriores. (shrink)

Buddhist Critical Spirituality. Prajña and Sunyata. Shohei Ichimura, Motilal Banarsidass, New Delhi 2001. xvii, 435 pp. Rs 795. ISBN 81-208-1798-2.

A travers les faits et manifestations considérés comme irrationnels par l'entendement scientiste et positiviste, on décèle du point de vue de la philosophie de l'esprit une rationalité poétique qui est à l'oeuvre dans tout esprit humain. Ce super-rationalisme qui intègre en même temps le sensible et le rationnel obéit à une logique du symbolisme qu'on retrouve dans l'ontologie africaine. L'africanisme ontologique induit une philosophie de l'invisible où la connaissance intuitive libère l'esprit du dogmatisme rationaliste. Il permet d'appréhender l'Etre dans sa (...) totalité en examinant la question du rapport à soi, et du rapport à l'autre à travers la figure du sage africain. Aujourd'hui, la rencontre des cultures et des civilisations permet un croisement des rationalités et une pluralité de valeurs qui fondent le nouvel humanisme dont nous nous réclamons. Un humanisme spirituel basé sur le respect et la compréhension de l'autre par la différence de sa pensée et de ses attributs socio-psychologiques. (shrink)

Forcing extensions yield models of ZFC in which a long sequence of club subsets of ω 1 has the following property: every subsequence of size ℵ 1 has a finite intersection.

The article addresses critical discourses pertaining to triangulation methodology as a step forward in dealing with policy formulation, particularly at the Bank of Sierra Leone. Alternative prescriptive measure like critical discourse analysis have been proposed as a means to the cutting head development in bridging the gap between orthodox and heterodox views of economic sciences investigations.

This work on the theory of education was first published in 1839. The five writers had been chosen as the winners in a competition for an essay on the 'Expediency and Means of Elevating the Profession of the Educator in Society', organised by the Central Society of Education, founded in 1837 to promote state funding of education, at a time when the 'monitor' system, whereby older children taught younger ones, was seen as an effective method. The journalist John Lalor won (...) first prize with a wide-ranging consideration of all the aspects of education, comparing the status of teachers through history and across several countries, and championing their 'sacred mission'. The runners-up were the writer John A. Heraud, the Unitarian minister Edward Higginson, the lawyer and author James Simpson, and Mrs Sarah Porter, prolific writer on education and sister of the political economist David Ricardo. (shrink)

Assuming an inaccessible cardinal $\kappa$ , there is a generic extension in which $MA + 2^{\aleph_0} = \kappa$ holds and the reals have a $\Delta^2_1$ well-ordering.

Hillel Steiner's objective in this remarkable book is to give an account of justice based on rights. He argues that rights must be conceived as property, and proposes that property be conceived in terms of freedom as the power of unimpeded action. The political philosophy involved is as he says a classical laissez-faire liberalism. However, on the basis of an argument against a natural right to bequeath property, Steiner proposes that such a liberalism requires radical redistribution of natural resources in (...) each generation, a redistribution which provides equal shares in such resources or their monetary equivalent for each individual when he attains majority. Steiner follows Henry George in holding that the earth is a "commons" and holds that our possession of it is subject to the condition that we leave "as much and as good," in Locke's phrase, for others. The genetic endowment of individuals, as well as the germ lines from which they emerge, are among the natural resources of the earth, and possession of a child endowed with good genes should obligate his parents to compensate others for their possession of him as of other natural resources by payment into a global common fund. Steiner proceeds to this striking conclusion by means of a steady march through successively more concrete domains of investigation: from a discussion of the metaphysics of liberty, through a discussion of the logic of rights, of moral reasoning, economic reasoning, and justice as the adjudication of competing claims. He deploys the technical apparatus of these fields with wit and rigor, as well as a deep knowledge of older authors. (shrink)

Corruption prevention can be more effective if it does not rely merely on legal enforcement. This theoretical review aimed to propose a hypothetical psychological model capable of explaining the behavior of corruption. Moral disengagement is a variable that is considered ontologically closest in “distance” to the variable of corruption behavior. Counterfeit self, implicit self-theory, ethical mindset and moral emotion are taken into account as the pivotal factors of the corruption behavior and its mechanism of moral disengagement. Counterfeit self along with (...) some moderating variables are regarded to “set” one’s future corrupt behavior based on his/her past/prior ethical or unethical behavior and moral emotions. This review discovered a conjectural-theoretical model of the corruption psychology. It can be used to design a social intervention and training for individuals to manage the mindset and emotion that can buffer counterfeit self effect. In addition, the users of these research findings are recommended to be aware of the surroundings that consist of groups of people with particular ethical mindset, moral emotion proneness and self-theory. (shrink)

En este trabajo pretendemos comparar y poner en conexión la crítica de Hamann a la Ilustración y la crítica a la tecnología de Anders. La bomba atómica, entendida como paradigma tecnológico, se presenta como un punto de no retorno. Los orígenes de la lógica destructiva que la hace posible pueden ser rastreados hasta la Ilustración. En el periodo de las luces, Hamann aparece como un foco de resistencia frente a las sombras de un sistema que idealizó la racionalidad. A través (...) de estos dos autores trazamos el recorrido del debate sobre el nihilismo desde su origen en la modernidad hasta el momento presente. (shrink)

The controversy over the prescription drug, alosetron, is examined in order to investigate what is permitted to count as ‘therapeutic advance’ and ‘therapeutic breakthrough’ within pharmaceutical innovation and regulation. It is argued that those official accounting categories can mask very modest efficacy of some drugs by reference to the official techno-scientific evidence, thus leading to questionable acceptance of risks to public health. This is explained by: the drug availability options set by the commercial interests of manufacturers; the FDA management's need (...) to demonstrate rapid approval of therapeutic advances to their budgetary masters, especially in the context of patient demands for access to new drugs; and the increasing capacity of patient groups, sometimes in collaboration with pharmaceutical manufacturers, to challenge techno-scientific expertise and evidence with experiential testimony. It is concluded that regulatory policy-makers need much more sophisticated accounting systems for differentiating between drugs defined as significant therapeutic advances, and between drugs (‘therapeutic breakthroughs’ fast-tracked to treat serious or life-threatening conditions. Contrary to some STS analyses, the desirability of an ascendancy of patients’ anecdotal evidence in regulatory decisions for public health is questioned. (shrink)