Results for ' allocation of risk of error'

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  1.  59
    Allocating the risk of error:: Dale A. Nance.Dale A. Nance - 2007 - Legal Theory 13 (2):129-164.
    Review of Foundations of Evidence Law, by Alex Stein.
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  2.  29
    Errors in Converting Principles to Protocols: Where the Bioethics of U.S. Covid‐19 Vaccine Allocation Went Wrong.William F. Parker, Govind Persad & Monica E. Peek - 2022 - Hastings Center Report 52 (5):8-14.
    For much of 2021, allocating the scarce supply of Covid‐19 vaccines was the world's most pressing bioethical challenge, and similar challenges may recur for novel therapies and future vaccines. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) identified three fundamental ethical principles to guide the process: maximize benefits, promote justice, and mitigate health inequities. We argue that critical components of the recommended protocol were internally inconsistent with these principles. Specifically, the ACIP (...)
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  3.  15
    Evidence.John Jackson & Sean Doran - 1996 - In Dennis M. Patterson (ed.), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Blackwell. pp. 177–187.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Benthamite Legacy The Regulation of Proof The “New” Evidence Scholarship Future Directions of the Law of Evidence References.
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  4.  15
    Incomparable risks, values and preferences.Nicolas Espinoza - 2006 - Dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
    . Consistent valuation and societal prioritization of risks presupposes comparability among risks, that is, in order to rank risks in order of severity, and allocate risk preventative resources accordingly, we must be able to determine whether one risk is better or worse than another, and by how much. It is often claimed, however, that some risks are not amenable to this kind of comparison because they are incommensurable, which roughly means that they are not comparable with respect to (...)
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  5.  78
    On the epistemic authority of courts.Alex Stein - 2008 - Episteme 5 (3):pp. 402-410.
    This paper uses Carl Ginet's concept of “disinterested justification” to identify the boundaries of the epistemic authority of courts. It claims that courts exercise this authority only in the “interest-free” zone, in which their determinations of disputed facts’ probabilities can be made and justified on epistemic grounds alone. This is not the case with the “interest-laden” domain, where courts allocate risks of error under conditions of uncertainty. This domain is controlled by the risk-allocating evidentiary rules: burdens of proof, (...)
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  6.  57
    Standards of proof as competence norms.Don Loeb & Sebastián Reyes Molina - 2022 - Jurisprudence 13 (3):349-369.
    In discussions of standards of proof, a familiar perspective often emerges. According to what we call specificationism, standards of proof are legal rules that specify the quantum of evidence required to determine that a litigant’s claim has been proven. In so doing, they allocate the risk of error among litigants (and potential litigants), minimizing the risk of certain types of error. Specificationism is meant as a description of the way the rules actually function. We argue, however, (...)
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  7.  29
    Intention and the Allocation of Risk.Neil M. Gorsuch - 2013 - In John Keown & Robert P. George (eds.), Reason, morality, and law: the philosophy of John Finnis. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 413.
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  8.  54
    Managing Risk: A Taxonomy of Error in Health Policy.Paul Joyce, Ruth Boaden & Aneez Esmail - 2005 - Health Care Analysis 13 (4):337-346.
    This paper discusses the current initiatives on error and adverse events within healthcare, with a particular focus on the NHS, within the context of health policy. One of the key features of the paper is the proposal for an emergent taxonomy of the medical error literature, developed from the ideologies and rationales that underpin their approaches. This taxonomy provides details of three categories—empiricists, organisational rationalists and reformers of professional culture—and these act as an organising framework for the exploration (...)
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  9.  11
    Values in Science. The role of cognitive and non-cognitive values in science.Silvia Ivani - 2020 - Dissertation, Tilburg University
    Should scientists value simple theories? Is fruitfulness an important criterion to assess scientific theories? What role moral, social, and political values should have in the assessment of scientific theories? In recent years, there has been an increasing interest among philosophers of science in studying how cognitive and non-cognitive values influence and should influence the assessment and comparison of scientific theories. While cognitive values (such as simplicity and fruitfulness) are features of scientific theories that are indicative of the truth or empirical (...)
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  10. Fair Allocation of GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1-GIP Receptor Agonists.Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Johan L. Dellgren, Matthew S. McCoy & Govind Persad - forthcoming - New England Journal of Medicine.
    Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, and dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists, such as tirzepatide, have been found to be effective for treating obesity and diabetes, significantly reducing weight and the risk or predicted risk of adverse cardiovascular events. There is a global shortage of these medications that could last several years and raises questions about how limited supplies should be allocated. We propose a fair-allocation framework that enables evaluation of the (...)
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  11.  60
    Ethical allocation of future COVID-19 vaccines.Rohit Gupta & Stephanie R. Morain - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (3):137-141.
    The COVID-19 pandemic will likely recede only through development and distribution of an effective vaccine. Although there are many unknowns surrounding COVID-19 vaccine development, vaccine demand will likely outstrip early supply, making prospective planning for vaccine allocation critical for ensuring the ethical distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we propose three central goals for COVID-19 vaccination campaigns: to reduce morbidity and mortality, to minimise additional economic and societal burdens related to the pandemic and to narrow unjust health inequalities. We evaluate (...)
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  12.  11
    Gain-loss domain and social value orientation as determinants of risk allocation decisions.Ming-Hong Tsai & Verlin B. Hinsz - 2024 - Thinking and Reasoning 30 (2):356-378.
    People often make less risky decisions for themselves than others. We examined how people allocated risks (i.e., determining the ratio of uncertain outcomes to certain outcomes) between themselves and others. We also investigated gain (vs. loss) domain and social value orientation as predictors of risk allocations. The results of three experiments demonstrated that participants were more likely to share their risks equally between themselves and others than distribute risk unequally. In the gain (vs. loss) domain, participants allocated fewer (...)
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  13. Stability of risk preferences and the reflection effect of prospect theory.Manel Baucells & Antonio Villasís - 2010 - Theory and Decision 68 (1-2):193-211.
    Are risk preferences stable over time? To address this question we elicit risk preferences from the same pool of subjects at two different moments in time. To interpret the results, we use a Fechner stochastic choice model in which the revealed preference of individuals is governed by some underlying preference, together with a random error. We take cumulative prospect theory as the underlying preference model (Kahneman and Tversky, Econometrica 47:263–292, 1979; Tversky and Kahneman, Journal of Risk (...)
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  14.  11
    Evaluating the Error Risk of Email Filters Based on ROC Curve Analysis.Wenbin Li, Ning Zhong & Chunnian Liu - 2008 - In S. Iwata, Y. Oshawa, S. Tsumoto, N. Zhong, Y. Shi & L. Magnani (eds.), Communications and Discoveries From Multidisciplinary Data. Springer. pp. 299--314.
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  15. Risks of artificial general intelligence.Vincent C. Müller (ed.) - 2014 - Taylor & Francis (JETAI).
    Special Issue “Risks of artificial general intelligence”, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 26/3 (2014), ed. Vincent C. Müller. http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/teta20/26/3# - Risks of general artificial intelligence, Vincent C. Müller, pages 297-301 - Autonomous technology and the greater human good - Steve Omohundro - pages 303-315 - - - The errors, insights and lessons of famous AI predictions – and what they mean for the future - Stuart Armstrong, Kaj Sotala & Seán S. Ó hÉigeartaigh - pages 317-342 - - (...)
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  16.  78
    Fair Allocation of GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1-GIP Receptor Agonists. Reply.Govind Persad, Johan Dellgren & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2024 - New England Journal of Medicine 391 (8):776.
    In our reply to critiques of our GLP-1 receptor agonist allocation framework, we explain that using potential years of life lost (PYLL) as a metric addresses racial health disparities without explicitly allocating resources based on race. This approach is "racism-conscious" and has legal and ethical challenges over race-based approaches. Meanwhile, though acknowledging the importance of cardiovascular risk assessment, we maintain in response to other interlocutors that focusing solely on immediate risk would ignore the broader goal of mitigating (...)
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  17.  21
    Vaccine Impact Bonds: An Alternative Way of Allocating the Economic Risks of Mass Vaccination Programs.Pascal René Marcel Kubin - 2025 - HEC Forum 37 (1):127-142.
    Vaccines can be an appropriate tool for combating pandemics. Accordingly, expectations were high when the first Covid-19 vaccines were administered. However, even though the vaccines have not met these high initial expectations, vaccine manufacturers and their investors were making large profits, while most of the associated economic risks have remained with the taxpaying public. Thus, this paper applies the concept of social impact bonds to mass vaccination programs by conceptualizing vaccine impact bonds (VIBs) as an alternative to the advance purchase (...)
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  18. Risks of artificial intelligence.Vincent C. Muller (ed.) - 2015 - CRC Press - Chapman & Hall.
    Papers from the conference on AI Risk (published in JETAI), supplemented by additional work. --- If the intelligence of artificial systems were to surpass that of humans, humanity would face significant risks. The time has come to consider these issues, and this consideration must include progress in artificial intelligence (AI) as much as insights from AI theory. -- Featuring contributions from leading experts and thinkers in artificial intelligence, Risks of Artificial Intelligence is the first volume of collected chapters dedicated (...)
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  19. Fair allocation of scarce therapies for COVID-19.Govind Persad, Monica E. Peek & Seema K. Shah - 2021 - Clinical Infectious Diseases 18:ciab1039.
    The U.S. FDA has issued emergency use authorizations for monoclonal antibodies for non-hospitalized patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 disease and for individuals exposed to COVID-19 as post-exposure prophylaxis. One EUA for an oral antiviral drug, molnupiravir, has also been recommended by FDA’s Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee, and others appear likely in the near future. Due to increased demand because of the Delta variant, the federal government resumed control over the supply and asked states to ration doses. As future variants (...)
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  20. Fair domestic allocation of monkeypox virus countermeasures.Govind Persad, R. J. Leland, Trygve Ottersen, Henry S. Richardson, Carla Saenz, G. Owen Schaefer & Ezekiel J. Emanuel - 2023 - Lancet Public Health 8 (5):e378–e382.
    Countermeasures for mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), primarily vaccines, have been in limited supply in many countries during outbreaks. Equitable allocation of scarce resources during public health emergencies is a complex challenge. Identifying the objectives and core values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures, using those values to provide guidance for priority groups and prioritisation tiers, and optimising allocation implementation are important. The fundamental values for the allocation of mpox countermeasures are: preventing death and illness; reducing (...)
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  21. Heuristics, biases, and the not-so-general publics: Expertise and error in the assessment of risks.William R. Freudenburg - 1992 - In Sheldon Krimsky & Dominic Golding (eds.), Social Theories of Risk. Praeger. pp. 229--249.
     
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  22.  6
    The Risk of Interpretation: On Being Faithful to the Christian Tradition in a Non-Christian Age by Claude Geffré. [REVIEW]Michael J. Dodds - 1989 - The Thomist 53 (1):156-160.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:156 BOOK REVIEWS and appreciation of Mary's place in our faith lives needs to be con· tinually nourished. This book contributes much to fulfill this need. In the book the author gives a good historical background to each of the issues raised: Mary's Motherhood, Virginity, Immaculate Concep· tion and Assumption. His chapter on Private Devotions and Appari· tions is a good analysis of the facts and gives some good (...)
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  23.  62
    Medical error disclosure: from the therapeutic alliance to risk management: the vision of the new Italian code of medical ethics.Emanuela Turillazzi & Margherita Neri - 2014 - BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):57.
    The Italian code of medical deontology recently approved stipulates that physicians have the duty to inform the patient of each unwanted event and its causes, and to identify, report and evaluate adverse events and errors. Thus the obligation to supply information continues to widen, in some way extending beyond the doctor-patient relationship to become an essential tool for improving the quality of professional services.
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  24. Philosophical Scrutiny of Evidence of Risks: From Bioethics to Bioevidence.Deborah G. Mayo & Aris Spanos - 2006 - Philosophy of Science 73 (5):803-816.
    We argue that a responsible analysis of today's evidence-based risk assessments and risk debates in biology demands a critical or metascientific scrutiny of the uncertainties, assumptions, and threats of error along the manifold steps in risk analysis. Without an accompanying methodological critique, neither sensitivity to social and ethical values, nor conceptual clarification alone, suffices. In this view, restricting the invitation for philosophical involvement to those wearing a "bioethicist" label precludes the vitally important role philosophers of science (...)
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  25.  46
    The influence of publication of financial statements, risk of takeover and financial position of the auditee on public auditors' unethical behaviour.M. van Dijk - 2000 - Journal of Business Ethics 28 (4):297-305.
    This study examines the effects of publication of financial statements, the risk of a takeover of the auditee and the auditee's financial position on auditors' willingness to allow material errors in financial statements in case of management pressure. The results show that all factors significantly influence auditors' willingness to allow errors in financial statements.
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  26.  30
    Using Expert Elicitation to Prioritize Resource Allocation for Risk Identification for Nanosilver.Emma Fauss, Michael E. Gorman & Nathan Swami - 2009 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 37 (4):770-780.
    This article introduces a method to identify risks through expert elicitation, using silver nanotechnology as a case study. Unique features of the method include supplying experts with a list of silver nanotechnology products, and conducting the elicitation in an extended interview format that captures the experts' reasoning. The end result is a series of graphical representations of expert thinking from which high-risk scenarios and knowledge gaps can be reliably inferred. This methodology, combined with other approaches to expert elicitation, can (...)
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  27.  22
    Artificial intelligence risks, attention allocation and priorities.Aorigele Bao & Yi Zeng - 2024 - Journal of Medical Ethics 50 (12):822-823.
    Jecker et al critically analysed the predominant focus on existential risk (X-Risk) in artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, advocating for a balanced communication of AI’s risks and benefits and urging serious consideration of other urgent ethical issues alongside X-Risk.1 Building on this analysis, we argue for the necessity of acknowledging the unique attention-grabbing attributes of X-Risk and leveraging these traits to foster a comprehensive focus on AI ethics. First, we need to consider a discontinuous situation that is (...)
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  28.  59
    How can we decide a fair allocation of healthcare resources during a pandemic?Cristina Roadevin & Harry Hill - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):e84-e84.
    Whenever the government makes medical resource allocation choices, there will be opportunity costs associated with those choices: some patients will have treatment and live longer, while a different group of patients will die prematurely. Because of this, we have to make sure that the benefits we get from investing in treatment A are large enough to justify the benefits forgone from not investing in the next best alternative, treatment B. There has been an increase in spending and reallocation of (...)
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  29.  11
    Cohen’s convention, the seriousness of errors, and the body of knowledge in behavioral science.Aran Arslan & Frank Zenker - 2024 - Synthese 204 (163):1-24.
    An often-cited convention for discovery-oriented behavioral science research states that the general relative seriousness of the antecedently accepted false positive error rate of α = 0.05 be mirrored by a false negative error rate of β = 0.20. In 1965, Jacob Cohen proposed this convention to decrease a β-error rate typically in vast excess of 0.20. Thereby, we argue, Cohen (unintentionally) contributed to the wide acceptance of strongly uneven error rates in behavioral science. Although Cohen’s convention (...)
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  30.  86
    Risks and wrongs.Jules L. Coleman - 1992 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This book by one of America's preeminent legal theorists is concerned with the conflict between the goals of justice and economic efficiency in the allocation of risk, especially risk pertaining to safety. The author approaches his subject from the premise that the market is central to liberal political, moral, and legal theory. In the first part of the book, he rejects traditional "rational choice" liberalism in favor of the view that the market operates as a rational way (...)
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  31.  54
    ‘Your country needs you’: the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19.Michael Dunn, Mark Sheehan, Joshua Hordern, Helen Lynne Turnham & Dominic Wilkinson - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (7):436-440.
    As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues (...)
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  32.  22
    Toward a Better Understanding of Risk-Taking in Medical Decision Making.David S. Dinhofer & Shweta Agarwal - 2021 - Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine 12 (1):113-125.
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  33.  89
    The sharing of risks and the risks of sharing: Solidarity and social justice in the welfare state. [REVIEW]Kees Schuyt - 1998 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 1 (3):297-311.
    Solidarity as a social phenomenon means a sharing of feelings, interests, risks and responsibilities. The Western-European Welfare State can be seen as an organized system of solidarity, historically grown from group solidarity among workers, later between workers and employers, moving towards solidarity between larger social groups: between healthy people and the sick, between the young and the elderly, between the employed and the unemployed. This sharing of risks at a societal level however, has revealed the risks of sharing. In the (...)
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  34.  65
    Allocating scarce life-saving resources: the proper role of age.Govind Persad & Steven Joffe - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):836-838.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has forced clinicians, policy-makers and the public to wrestle with stark choices about who should receive potentially life-saving interventions such as ventilators, ICU beds and dialysis machines if demand overwhelms capacity. Many allocation schemes face the question of whether to consider age. We offer two underdiscussed arguments for prioritising younger patients in allocation policies, which are grounded in prudence and fairness rather than purely in maximising benefits: prioritising one’s younger self for lifesaving treatments is prudent (...)
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  35.  45
    (1 other version)Democratic Decision Making and the Psychology of Risk.Christiansen Andreas & Hallsson Bjørn - 2017 - Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 12 (1):51-83.
    Andreas Christiansen,Bjørn Hallsson | : In many cases, the public want to restrict an activity or technology that they believe to be dangerous, but that scientific experts believe to be safe. There is thus a tension between respecting the preferences of the people and making policy based on our best scientific knowledge. Deciding how to make policy in the light of this tension requires an understanding of why citizens sometimes disagree with the experts on what is risky and what is (...)
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  36.  52
    Inductive risk and justice in kidney allocation.Andrea Scarantino - 2010 - Bioethics 24 (8):421-430.
    How should UNOS deal with the presence of scientific controversies on the risk factors for organ rejection when designing its allocation policies? The answer I defend in this paper is that the more undesirable the consequences of making a mistake in accepting a scientific hypothesis, the higher the degree of confirmation required for its acceptance. I argue that the application of this principle should lead to the rejection of the hypothesis that ‘less than perfect’ Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) (...)
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  37. Environmental information self-reported in listed firms’ annual reports: Risks of environmental commitment cliché, and a call for innovations.Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Phuong-Tri Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscript
    Periodical reports are important information sources for investors and society to monitor, contribute to, and allocate resources to listed companies contributing to environmental sustainability. This article provides a preliminary investigation into environment-related information disclosure in annual reports of 61 representative companies in Vietnam, a country that has a rapidly developing stock market and is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It was found that although most of the companies’ reports disclosed the goals to pursue sustainability and environmental protection (...)
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  38.  29
    Optimizing peer review to minimize the risk of retracting COVID-19-related literature.Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, Helmar Bornemann-Cimenti & Panagiotis Tsigaris - 2020 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24 (1):21-26.
    Retractions of COVID-19 literature in both preprints and the peer-reviewed literature serve as a reminder that there are still challenging issues underlying the integrity of the biomedical literature. The risks to academia become larger when such retractions take place in high-ranking biomedical journals. In some cases, retractions result from unreliable or nonexistent data, an issue that could easily be avoided by having open data policies, but there have also been retractions due to oversight in peer review and editorial verification. As (...)
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  39.  47
    Risk aversion, prudence, and asset allocation: a review and some new developments.Michel M. Denuit & Louis Eeckhoudt - 2016 - Theory and Decision 80 (2):227-243.
    In this paper, we consider the composition of an optimal portfolio made of two dependent risky assets. The investor is first assumed to be a risk-averse expected utility maximizer, and we recover the existing conditions under which all these investors hold at least some percentage of their portfolio in one of the assets. Then, we assume that the decision maker is not only risk-averse, but also prudent and we obtain new minimum demand conditions as well as intuitively appealing (...)
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  40.  74
    On the Advantages of Distinguishing Between Predictive and Allocative Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-Making.Fabian Beigang - 2022 - Minds and Machines 32 (4):655-682.
    The problem of algorithmic fairness is typically framed as the problem of finding a unique formal criterion that guarantees that a given algorithmic decision-making procedure is morally permissible. In this paper, I argue that this is conceptually misguided and that we should replace the problem with two sub-problems. If we examine how most state-of-the-art machine learning systems work, we notice that there are two distinct stages in the decision-making process. First, a prediction of a relevant property is made. Secondly, a (...)
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  41. Inductive risk and values in science.Heather Douglas - 2000 - Philosophy of Science 67 (4):559-579.
    Although epistemic values have become widely accepted as part of scientific reasoning, non-epistemic values have been largely relegated to the "external" parts of science (the selection of hypotheses, restrictions on methodologies, and the use of scientific technologies). I argue that because of inductive risk, or the risk of error, non-epistemic values are required in science wherever non-epistemic consequences of error should be considered. I use examples from dioxin studies to illustrate how non-epistemic consequences of error (...)
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  42.  47
    The Patient-Physician Relationship and the Allocation of Scarce Resources: A Law and Economics Approach.Maxwell J. Mehlman & Susan R. Massey - 1994 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 4 (4):291-308.
    Patients with insufficient financial resources place physicians in a conflict of interest between the patients' needs and the financial interests of the physician, other patients, and society. Not only must physicians act ethically, but they must avoid liability for violating their legal duties to their patients. The traditional rules of contract and malpractice law that govern the patient-physician relationship do not provide satisfactory guidelines. Better answers are found in the rules of fiduciary law, but only with regard to direct conflicts (...)
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  43.  25
    Distributing Risks: Allocation Principles for Distributing Reversible and Irreversible Losses.Neelke Doorn - 2018 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 21 (1):96-109.
    This paper aims to develop a framework for distributing risks. Based on a distinction between risks with reversible losses and risks with irreversible losses, I defend the following composite allocation principle: first, irreversible risks should be allocated on the basis of needs and only after some threshold level has been achieved can the remaining risks distributed in such a way that the total disvalue of these losses is minimized. An important advantage of this allocation framework is that it (...)
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  44.  26
    Evaluation of resource allocation and supply–demand balance in clinical practice with high‐cost technologies.Tetsuya Otsubo, Yuichi Imanaka, Jason Lee & Kenshi Hayashida - 2011 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 17 (6):1114-1121.
    Japan has one of the highest numbers of high-cost medical devices installed relative to its population. While evaluations of the distribution of these devices traditionally involve simple population-based assessments, an indicator that includes the demand of these devices would more accurately reflect the situation. The purpose of this study was to develop an indicator of the supply–demand balance of such devices, using examples of magnetic resonance imaging scanners (MRI) and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripters (ESWL), and to investigate the relationship between this (...)
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  45.  25
    Risks Seem Low While Climbing High: Shift in Risk Perception and Error Rates in the Course of Indoor Climbing Activities.Martina Raue, Ronnie Kolodziej, Eva Lermer & Bernhard Streicher - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  46.  31
    Out of Africa: A Solidarity‐Based Approach to Vaccine Allocation.Nancy Jecker & Caesar Atuire - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (3):27-36.
    This article sets forth a solidaristic approach to global distribution of vaccines against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Our approach draws inspiration from African ethics and from the characterization of the Covid‐19 crisis as a syndemic, a convergence of biosocial forces that interact with one another to produce and exacerbate clinical disease and prognosis. The first section elaborates the twin ideas of syndemic and solidarity. The second section argues that these ideas lend support to global health alliances to distribute vaccines beyond national (...)
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  47.  26
    Foundations of Epistemic Risk.Boris Babic - 2018 - Dissertation, University of Michigan
    My goal in this dissertation is to start a conversation about the role of risk in the decision-theoretic assessment of partial beliefs or credences in formal epistemology. I propose a general theory of epistemic risk in terms of relative sensitivity to different types of graded error. The approach I develop is broadly inspired by the pragmatism of the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce and his notion of the ``economy of research.'' I express this framework in information-theoretic terms (...)
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  48.  14
    Ethical dilemmas, perceived risk, and motivation among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Daniel Sperling - 2021 - Nursing Ethics 28 (1):9-22.
    Background: Positioned at the frontlines of the battle against COVID-19 disease, nurses are at increased risk of contraction, yet as they feel obligated to provide care, they also experience ethical pressure. Research question and objectives: The study examined how Israeli nurses respond to ethical dilemmas and tension during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to what extent this is associated with their perceived risk and motivation to provide care? Research design: The study implemented a descriptive correlative study using a 53-section (...)
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  49.  39
    Great Philosophy: Discovery, Invention, and the Uses of Error.Christopher Norris - 2014 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 22 (3):349-379.
    In this essay I consider what is meant by the description ‘great’ philosophy and then offer some broadly applicable criteria by which to assess candidate thinkers or works. On the one hand are philosophers in whose case the epithet, even if contested, is not grossly misconceived or merely the product of doctrinal adherence on the part of those who apply it. On the other are those – however gifted, acute, or technically adroit – to whom its application is inappropriate because (...)
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  50. Individually Allocating Principles and Market Risks.Tobey Scharding - 2016 - Public Affairs Quarterly 30 (3):259-279.
    This paper investigates one of Anderson’s (2007) objections to individually-allocating principles of distributive justice: that they are incompatible with the free market. I argue that Anderson’s objection applies only to the specific principle she discusses, associated with luck egalitarianism, and not to individually-allocating principles generally. I then discuss different individually-allocating principles, the precepts of justice, broached by Rawls (1971,1999) but never developed by him. The precepts determine people’s distributive entitlements based on their contributions, efforts, and needs. I offer an interpretation (...)
     
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