Ethical violations can cause wasteful use of resources, unfair advantage for some scientists over others, and setting a bad example to the scientific community and young scientists_._ Awareness of these violations helps to prevent moral contamination of the academic community. A web-based survey with 30 items was sent to all residents and academic staff worked at different faculties in our university to evaluate the participants' thoughts and knowledge about academic publication ethics. There were 48 female and 53 male respondents. 44.6% (...) of the participants had never taken ethics courses. 57.4% of the participants think that the ethics course should be given throughout life. The responses to “when ethical course should be given?” was significantly different between males and females, but not according to academic titles and age ranges. Except residents, all participants had complete information about the predatory journals, books and congresses. 29% of the participants were not aware of ghost authorship and 20% were misinformed. The participants did not have sufficient knowledge and awareness about plagiarism, except for some sub-titles. Although lack of awareness is mostly evident among non-academicians, both academicians and non-academicians need to be educated and trained about plagiarism. (shrink)

This paper considers the ontological and political implications of the concept of the subject within structuralism. I turn first to Balibar in order to articulate structuralism as a tendency or movement rather than fixed set of positions, using some indications he has provided in order to demonstrate how thoroughly embedded the subject is as a problem within this tendency. I argue that Laclau and Mouffe’s work on hegemony deepens the political stakes of this problem while also introducing the grammar of (...) strategy in an ambivalent and underdefined manner. Considering some possible options for understanding strategy within a structuralist framework, I contend that a stronger theoretical account of strategy is necessary. In order to provide some outlines for such a project, I conclude the analysis by emphasizing the contribution that George Jackson’s writings can provide to this framework, suggesting that the role of the subject should be assigned to tactics.Cet article analyse les implications ontologiques et politiques du concept structuraliste de sujet. En me tournant dans un premier temps vers les indications de Balibar concernant l’intrication profonde du problème du sujet au sein du structuralisme, je montre que ce dernier devrait être compris comme une tendance ou un mouvement plutôt que comme une position philosophique définitive. Je montre ensuite que le travail de Laclau et Mouffe sur l’hégémonie permet d’approfondir les enjeux politiques de ce problème, tout en introduisant de manière ambivalente et prédéfinie la grammaire de la stratégie. En considérant quelques options possibles pour comprendre la stratégie dans une perspective structuraliste, je soutiens la nécessité de l’approcher théoriquement de manière plus puissante. En guise d’esquisse d’un tel projet, je conclus mon analyse avec la contribution qu’y apportent les écrits de George Jackson, en suggérant que le rôle du sujet devrait revenir à la tactique. (shrink)

Milattan önce 6. yy’ da Konfuçyüs tarafından kuralcı bir çerçevede açıklanan ve bilgelikerdemlilik sentezini temel alan düşünce ekolüne ahlaki psikoloji kuramını getiren ilk fikir adamı Mengzi’dır. İnsanın doğuştan iyiliği önermesiyle duygu, düşünce ve eylem arasındaki tutarlılığı içgörüsel farkındalığa kaynak gösteren Mengzi, Çin felsefesine yeni bir soluk getirir. Bu önerme, 11.yy’da Neo-Konfuçyüsçü filozof Cheng Hao’ın sezgisel öğrenme metoduyla korunsa da önermenin Doğu Asya topraklarına yayılmasındaki asıl katkı Ming dönemi siyasetçisi, hattatı ve generali Wang Yangming’e aittir. Wang Yangming, Mengzi’dan aktardığı zihinsel-spiritüel bütünlüğü (...) öğretisine dâhil ederek doğuştan gelen bilgi ve erdemin davranışsal tepkimeye yansıma sürecinde rasyoneli dışlar. Sezgisele odaklı bu kuramda duygu ile düşünce birbirinden ayrılmadığı gibi sorgulama, gözlemleme ve deneyimleme safhalarının pratiğine ihtiyaç duyulmaz. Birey, fıtraten doğru-yanlış ayrımı yapabilme yeteneğine sahip olduğu için içgörü ve sağduyuyla her şeyi idrak edebilir; önceden idrak edebildiği için de davranma, bilme ile eş zamanlı güdülenir. Bu çalışmada, Wang Yangming’in sezgisel bilgi kuramıyla savladığı kişisel gelişimin Batı dünyasındaki karşılığı ve modern psikolojiyle özdeşleşen özelliği incelenecektir. (shrink)

The three great sovereigns of ancient Chinese history, which have subsumed almost nine centuries before Common Era, referred to Xia (2070-1600 BC), Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046- 256 BC) dynasties. The people of Shang, who represented the transition from a primitive to a civilized continuum with the invention of writing, were exposed to social stratification due to the self-interests of courtiers indulging in superstitions, relying on prophecy and necromancy. As a result of this stratification, the first examples of class (...) discrimination and hierarchical organization that divided national subjects into ranks, bestowing a privilege on the noble class, occurred. The Shang period has been implied as a process that, on one hand, continued the tradition of ancestral cults initiated by the Xia family, who founded the first official dynasty, but, on the other hand, humiliated the people in terms of status since the rulers who ascended the throne equated themselves with a divine power. The fact that the Shang rulers appropriated the rituals which took place under the name of deference during the Xia period escalated the belief of ancestral spirits’ belonging to heaven into another belief. Thus, the enslavement of those who did not belong to noble blood by forcing them into obedience to the dynasty has revealed an issue that should not be ignored. The Shang rulers, who divided the national subjects outside the noble class considering their mission, position, profession, and demotion, also classified the slaves in the service of the dynasty considering punishments, rules, and sanctions that they determined. Despite this truth, divergences among Chinese researchers underlie the dichotomy whether slavery existed in China. But if the classical texts are examined in detail, it can be sort out that slavery became prevalent in the Shang period and the dynasty was destroyed owing to the tyrannical governance policy of the rulers. In this study, it will be argued that slavery was experienced in early China society based on the idea of private property by discussing class discrimination and hierarchical organization leading Chinese bureaucracy. (shrink)

Çin anakarasında yirminci yüzyılın başları; dilden edebiyata, geleneksel düşünceden eğitim sistemine ve hatta siyasal rejime dek pek çok alanda modernleşmeye gidilen süreci kapsar. Kültürel çaptaki bu yenilikçi hareketler arasında; antik çağa tarihlenen, Konfuçyüs (MÖ 479-551) tarafından ilkeleştirilen ve Mengzi’nın (MÖ 372-289) insan doğası görüşü sayesinde geniş kitlelerce benimsenen düşünce akımının “Yeni Konfuçyanizm” adı altında kurulması oldukça mühimdir. Konfuçyüs’ün normatif ahlak anlayışının aksine bu yeni akım, Mengzi’nın doğuştancı kuramına daha yakın durmaktadır. Yeni Konfuçyanizm’in temellerini atan Xiong Shili (1885-1968), Mengzi öğretisinde okunabilen (...) ve akılkalp ilgileşimi karşılığını verebilen “benlik” kavramını merkeze alır. Akımın sonraki temsilcilerinden Mou Zongsan (1909-1995) ise, gerek akıl-kalp ilgileşimine gerekse benliğin beslenmesine getirdiği çarpıcı yorumlarıyla dönemin en etkili fikir adamı olarak dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Mou felsefesi; Mengzi’nın bütünleşik kabul ettiği bilişsel ve duyuşsal süreçleri tamamen farklı aşamalarda açıklayan, bu aşamaları benliğin iki katmanlı yapısıyla eşleştiren ve varoluşsal özü insan doğasının özüne özdeş sayan bazı varsayımsal yargılar içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Mou felsefesinin onto-kozmolojik yaklaşımından hareketle benlik algısının nasıllığı incelenecek; doğuştan var olduğu farzındaki bilginin ve erdemin özümsenmesinde bilişsel farkındalığa karşı çıkan önermenin ayrıntıları analiz edilecektir. (shrink)

The normative moral teaching that unifies sageness into virtuousness was organized by Confucius’ 孔子(551-479 BC) to restore order in the chaotic environment of ancient China. Compelling individuals and society to fulfill their duties according to the mandate of heaven and the course of cosmos, this teaching evolved into different methodologies due to the subjective commentaries of later philosophers. With the beginning of the Neo-Confucianism movement in the 8th century AD, which integrated metaphysical forces with ethical acts and deeds, the meanings (...) attributed to heaven, earth and nature expanded. During the Song dynasty 宋朝 (960-1279), considered the greatest epoch of this movement, a dissent arose between two philosopher brothers regarding the origin of knowledge and virtue. Cheng Hao 程颢 (1032-1085) focused on intuitive learning through the goodness of human nature, while Cheng Yi 程颐 (1033-1107) emphasized experiential learning through reason and practice. Thus, the idealist-rationalist opposition, explained by the psychological components of personal growth emerged. This paper aims to determine the main cause for the opposing views of the two brothers on knowledge and virtue of human nature, referencing modern psychology postulates in terms of differences in learning methods. (shrink)

The teaching of Confucius, one of the doctrines built Chinese philosophy, is the movement of thought that has penetrated politics, education, manners and customs in East Asia for centuries. Reading the principles that advise wisdom and virtue through classical texts, we can find out normative moral knowledge. This teaching, in which ethical standards guiding human relations are regulative, promotes hierarchy as required by patriarchal and patrimonial regime. Social structure is grounded on discrimination between nobles and commons. Since the rights and (...) privileges granted to the aristocracy and bureaucracy humiliate citizens and force compliance, social inequality becomes obvious. Just as Confucius cites the idea of spiritual supremacy of rulers, he also bestows a privilege upon the noble class due to their eligibility. It is the people who are actively industrious in serve, deference and obedience. The problem of nepotism, which favors the closer and excludes the farther in relational words and actions, extends all areas from familial to managerial. Consequently, justice, the main canon of virtue, has been disregarded. In this paper, it firstly will be argued that Confucius practices hypocrisy by his paradoxical statements about behavioral norms. Secondly, positional duties, which subjugate people for the interests of the dynasty, does not correspond to liberal humanism, will be confirmed. (shrink)

Bir dini geleneği anlamak için o dini geleneğe sahip olan topluluğun folklor, mitoloji, edebiyat, sanat gibi sosyo-kültürel birikiminin bilinmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Zira dindar insanın veya bir dini geleneğe sahip olan kişinin eylemlerini, karşılıklı ilişkilerini, inanç sistemlerini, dini cemiyet ve kurumlarını, ritüel ve adetlerini anlama ve yorumlama noktasında etnolojik veriler kullanılmaktadır. Bu veriler ışığında bilhassa topluma ayna tutan edebi eserler insanın bireysel, toplumsal, kültürel ve Yaratıcısı ile ilişkilerinin niteliğini ortaya koyarak bir anlamda kendi medeniyetlerinin insan anlayışı ve dünya görüşünü (...) yansıtmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, Hay ve Robinson modelleri çerçevesinde ortaya konan doğu ve batı kültürlerinin insana, topluma ve sosyo-kültürel hayata bakışları değerlendirilerek, bu iki edebi metnin ardına saklı iki farklı dünyanın, alem görüşünün ve kültürünün tarihsel fenomenolojik mukayesesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. (shrink)

Developments in information and communication technologies have created change and transformation in news production and reading habits, and the use of artificial intelligence in the journalism sector has become inevitable as the process transforms society. With artificial intelligence journalism, news can be produced and edited quickly. However, this speed and automation can create problems for readers in terms of accuracy and detail in consuming the news. In this context, the roles of journalists are also changing, and they are effective in (...) checking the accuracy of news and developing public awareness. Automated news production has developed with the use of artificial intelligence-based software. In the automated news production process, which has come to the agenda through artificial intelligence, the automated creation of news through a number of algorithms and software and its rapid presentation to consumers has taken its place in the new generation journalism. Therefore, with the use of artificial intelligence in news production, public awareness should also be taken into consideration. This study investigates public awareness in the context of automated news production and news reliability, objectivity, confidentiality, employment problems of journalists and ethical rules. The independent variables of the study are the gender, age, education and occupation of newspaper consumers, while the dependent variables are the public opinion on the characteristics of the news in the face of news produced with artificial intelligence. The population of the study consists of individuals who use social media, read digital newspapers and are over the age of 18, while the sample consists of 400 people who voluntarily responded to the study. In the study, half of the participants are aware of the concept of artificial intelligence and that news is sometimes produced with artificial intelligence. Most of the participants think that weather news is produced by artificial intelligence, as well as economy, earthquake, weather and sports news are all produced automatically. The majority of the participants think that they are concerned about the reliability of the news produced by artificial intelligence, that these news are more qualified and more reliable than the news produced by the traditional news production process. Some of the participants also think that their news needs should be met through news produced by artificial intelligence today. It has been also found that there were significant differences between the gender, age and occupational groups of the participants and their attitudes towards news produced by artificial intelligence. (shrink)

Mencius, referred to as second sage in Chinese philosophy history, grounds his theory about original goodness of human nature on psychological components by bringing in something new down ancient ages. Including the principles of virtuous action associated with Confucius to his doctrine, but by composing them along psychosocial development, he theorizes utterly out of the ordinary that makes all the difference to the school. In his argument stated a positive opinion, he explains the method of forming individuals' moral awareness by (...) means of inseparable integrity of feelings and thoughts, saying human being are born innately good. According to Mencius, heart-mind correlation is the motivational complement of inner incentives. Knowledge and virtue, which are extensions of inborn goodness, comprehended intuitively; then affective motives respond to circumstance, what is learned transmits to cognitive process and eventually behavior emerges. Comparing during the years of Warring State period he lived, in western geography Aristotle, who is one of the pioneers of Greek philosophy, argues deductive and inductive methods in mental activity. On the other hand, Mencius uses analogical reasoning throughout his self-titled work. This essay is an attempt to assert that most postulates of developmental theories, which have been considered an integral part of modern psychology, begin with Mencius in early era. Secondly, this study also aims to discuss the main paradigm of Mencius across emotivist-rationalist opposition, which keeps emotion above thought as well as reason above emotion. (shrink)

Ancient Chinese history holds a quality which has syncretized traditional thought with its cultural wealth unified of mystical and mythological figures in the background. Such that classical documents, which had begun to be written before Common Era, has directly influenced the political regime, education system and status of society in China. One of the most prominent features of these works is to propound collective knowledge about perception of cosmology, attitudes to earthiness, community standards, policy and morality. Among Five Classics works (...) of these masterpieces of Chinese philosophy, Book of Changes which stands closest to metaphysical narrative, mainly consists of the texts about prophecy. While this piece of work had been referred as a divination guide in Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC), it turned into a cosmological text that included a range of philosophical commentary during Warring States Period (475-221 BC). The mainstay of this remarkable change is the direct correlation of all the concepts and terms that characterize the worldly beyond along with the relevant text, especially yin-yang dualism, which symbolizes an extraordinary harmony in early Chinese thought. Traditional idea suggests reciprocity in which heaven, earth and man are interconnected to maintain natural order. However, the superiority attributed to human beings also brings compulsive responsibilities to idealize a compatible society. This paper aims to discuss influences of cosmological and anthropological items on human behaviors explained in prescriptive perspective. (shrink)

This paper stages an encounter between Foucault and Althusser on the question of strategy. By contrasting a few passages in La Volonté de savoir with some of Althusser’s writings on Machiavelli and Lenin, I propose an alternative between the two thinkers according to a schema of strategic thought (Foucault) and a philosophy for strategy (Althusser). This narrow focus enables me to generate a working definition of strategy as the anticipation of an encounter which modifies, abolishes, or otherwise alters the relations (...) constituting its conjuncture. By staging the encounter between the Foucault and Althusser, I propose this definition as a reflection on the phrase “intervention into conjuncture,” and conclude by sketching implications concerning theory, practice, and the discipline of the conjuncture. (shrink)

Theoretical arguments about the normative tendencies of human beings hold an important place within the context of Chinese philosophy, which began to be formed foundations by the intellectual and cultural developments corresponding to the five centuries BC. Traditional thought in China that synthesizes the earthly and unearthly phenomenon, exemplifies the correlation between moral tendencies and natural changes through the argumental doctrines of collected ideas on human nature and existence. Approaches based on this correlation include a variety of opinions regarding good (...) and bad tendencies of human being by different schools of thought and indicate methodological differences in ideal pattern of behavior. Four great movements of thought, emerged in the process referred as golden age of Chinese philosophy, share common purpose to rebuild sociopolitical order but disagree on acquisition of human knowledge and virtue. One of the main issues originates the debate in question is that moral disposition is innate or acquired and whether the motive to know right from wrong is discovered through learning. And so, there occurs some divergences concerning the methods by which secular actions should be formulated. This study aims to reveal reasons of the divergence among Chinese philosophers of early period concerning the norms of actual attitudes attributed to the process of cognitional and behavioral development, associated with their interpretations on Dao, heaven, earth and man. (shrink)

This article argues that the social constructivist paradigm falls into the same dualistic trap as biological essentialism when attempting to respond to questions of gender and sexuality. I argue that social constructivism, like biological determinism, presumes a ‘split’ world, where subjective lived experiences are separated from the world of socio-cultural forces. Following a phenomenological approach, grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s ontological view of the body, this article attempts to move beyond the dualistic metadiscourses of social constructivism in maintaining that identity is a (...) fully embodied process. I see gender and sexuality as necessarily embodied and corporeally constituted. In the light of this, I propose an understanding of gender and sexuality that focuses on the centrality of the body as open project. This approach sees gender and sexuality as embodied processes that are enmeshed with the complex fabric of lived everyday experiences and concurrent socio-cultural and historical processes. Drawing on real-life examples, I conclude that gender and sexual embodiment are not one-dimensional according to a binary system of male versus female. Rather, given the documented experience of the indeterminacy and ambiguity of human existence, there are a variety of possible embodiments of humankind. (shrink)

Vittorio Morfino draws out the implications of the dynamic Spinoza-Machiavelli encounter by focusing on the concepts of causality, temporality and politics. This allows him to think through the relationship between ontology and politics, leading to an understanding of history as a complex and plural interweaving of different rhythms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is continuing to have severe effects on tourism-related industries, as safety precautions have become essential to follow. Based on this, this study aims to explore the role of perceptions of the tourist of safety in tourism destination choice with the mediating effect of tourist trust in the context of the Chinese tourism sector. In addition, this study considers improvements to safety measures for sustainable tourism and the benefits of the technology transformation in the travel industry because (...) of COVID-19. For this study, a quantitative approach was used, and data were collected through convenient sampling. The questionnaire was measured on a 5-point Likert scale, and a cross-sectional approach was adopted for data analysis. The findings of this study show that the effect of the perceived safety of the social environment, perceived safety of facility and equipment elements, perceived safety of human elements, perceived safety of management elements, and perceived safety of natural environments is significant and positive on the tourist destination choice. In addition, TT is a significant mediator between these elements and TDC. Furthermore, this study concluded that COVID-19 had increased travel anxiety, with particularly negative effects on the Chinese tourism sector, but that the adoption of perceived safety measures could be beneficial in regaining TT for traveling, eventually giving tourists confidence in choosing their traveling destination. (shrink)

Background The Covid 19 pandemic has led to and continues to pose challenges for healthcare systems globally, especially in intensive care units. This research was conducted to examine the self-transcendence of the leading fighters, intensive care nurses, during the Covid 19 pandemic. Methods The descriptive phenomenological research method was used in the study. The research was carried out between June and December 2020 with the nurses who care for Covid 19 patients in the Covid 19 intensive care service in different (...) provinces of Turkey. The research was completed with 25 participants. A semi-structured interview form prepared based on the Theory of Self-Transcendence (vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being) and based on the literature was used to collect data. Ethical considerations Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Results: The nurses in the study were found to experience vulnerability due to “administrative loneliness,” “inability to give care,” “fear of being a source of infection,” and “loneliness of patients.” Conclusions It has been found that “improvement in nursing roles and skills,” “being proud for oneself and the team,” “understanding the value of life,” and “feeling like a superhero due to the responsibilities shouldered during the pandemic” support nurses’ self-transcendence, which contributes to physical and mental well-being. (shrink)

The unprecedented economic growth in recent decades has cultivated the exploitation of natural resources and over-consumption, leading to ecological deterioration and sustainability. The ever-increasing consumption in developing countries is creating a significant environmental strain. Thus, the industry and consumers’ environmental issues and their harmful effects on human health have led to concerns among researchers, scientists, academic communities, and policymakers. The present work examines the impact of different consumption value factors on sustainable consumption behavior concerning consumer choice in Pakistan and China. (...) A cross-sectional study is conducted, and data are collected through a primary source questionnaire. A sample of 431 respondents is chosen from different cities in Pakistan, and a sample of 342 respondents is selected from China. Estimation techniques like descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, multicollinearity, R square, independent sample t-test, the coefficient of correlation, and regression analysis are used for the data analysis. The comparative results show that knowledge values and emotional values significantly influence the choice behavior of respondents toward environmentally friendly products both in Pakistan and China. In contrast, social values and conditional values show insignificant influence. Furthermore, functional values are significant in Pakistan while insignificant in the context of China, and environmental values are significant in China although insignificant in Pakistan with regard to sustainable consumption behavior. (shrink)

En el libro 4 de la _Política_ de Aristóteles encontramos una forma de constitución recta que se da cuando los _mésoi_, los ciudadanos de recursos moderados, son, no solo numerosos, sino mayoritarios. Los ciudadanos medios garantizan el gobierno de la ley y de la razón, fundamentan la amistad entre ciudadanos y la estabilidad del régimen. Nos planteamos en este ensayo qué relación tiene esta forma constitucional con la politia, entendida como mezcla de democracia y oligarquía; con la democracia, como gobierno (...) de la mayoría; y con la _aríste politeía_, basada en la virtud de sus ciudadanos. (shrink)

As práticas parentais possuem uma função primordial no desenvolvimento infantil e uma estreita relação com os seus repertórios comportamentais. O presente estudo objetivou analisar práticas de mães de bebês adultas e adolescentes, comparando-as com a idade dos bebês. Participaram 111 mães de bebês d..

Há meses a população mundial enfrenta a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19, uma situação ímpar e talvez a mais desafiadora que rememoramos. Para a maioria dos sujeitos, esta crise junta-se às demais emergências e reforça injustiças, violências, discriminações e sofrimento, uma vez que são considerados _invisíveis_ e sobrevivem em espaços desprovidos de higiene, saúde, educação e segurança e repletos de outras manifestações de _renúncia_ e _impossibilidade_. Considerando que a própria estrutura social é a responsável por chegarmos onde estamos, precisamos nos contrapor (...) à inconsciência de uma realidade que se mostra normativa e imutável, apreendendo-a em perspectivas críticas e transformadoras. Dessa forma, este texto parte da seguinte problematização: quais alternativas poderemos vislumbrar no pós-pandemia, visto que as desigualdades e as injustiças aumentam? Delineamos prognósticos do tempo presente a partir do diálogo entre Adorno e Horkheimer (2006) e Santos (2007), utilizando como categorias de análise: racionalidade instrumental, pensamento abissal, pensamento pós-abissal e educação emancipatória. A racionalidade tornou-se o cânon da sociedade esclarecida, fundamentando as estruturas e relações sociais em uma percepção universal, totalitária e homogênea, que despreza e invisibiliza as diferenças. Defendemos uma educação para a contestação, a inquietude e a resistência, que desvele e problematize as linhas abissais a fim de pensarmos e agirmos para além delas, vislumbrando alternativas, novas práticas e perspectivas solidárias e sustentáveis, pois quaisquer ideais de progresso e desenvolvimento serão ilusórios enquanto persistirem a invisibilidade “do outro lado da linha”. A reflexão da realidade, em suas estruturas históricas e sociais, se efetiva como possibilidade de novos caminhos para a compreensão dos obstáculos e potencialidades emancipatórias. (shrink)

En los últimos meses no hay día que no leamos en las noticias o escuchemos en la radio la tragedia de una familia, grupos de jóvenes o de personas mayores que son expulsadas de sus viviendas. Incluso las redes sociales se hacen eco al instante de procesos de desahucio en muchos barrios de nuestras ciudades.

Hace tan sólo unos meses se produjo en España un nuevo debate en relación con la educación, centrado en esta ocasión en el tema de la autoridad del profesorado. Tras anunciar la Comunidad de Madrid su propuesta de otorgar a los profesores el rango de autoridad pública, finalmente plasmada en la Ley 2/2010 de Autoridad del profesor, la controversia sobre la oportunidad de esta medida no se hizo esperar, poniéndose de manifiesto la existencia de opiniones encontradas en torno a la (...) misma. (shrink)

Entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 1983, Michel Foucault proferiu, em Berkeley, seisconferências, problematizando as relações do sujeito com a verdade, a partir do conceito grego deparresía (παρρησία). Essas conferências, como tantas outras que compunham uma série de cursosoferecidos pelo filósofo francês, foram gravadas, posteriormente, transcritas e organizadas em livrosque colaboram de modo singular com pesquisas até os dias atuais. As conferências foram editadas pelaUniversidade de Berkeley em 1985 e foram traduzidas no Brasil, ganhando formato de artigos, no (...) anode 2013, organizadas e publicadas pela equipe da Revista Prometeus, sob a coordenação do prof. Dr.Aldo Dinucci da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). (shrink)

Resumen: Tras varios meses de debate, Francia acaba de sustituir en el Código Penal la expresión “identidad sexual” por la de “identidad de género”, incluyendo por fin el concepto de género en el texto legal. Este artículo, que es una humilde reflexión sobre la utilidad de dicho reconocimiento, recoge los principales argumentos alegados durante la fase prelegislativa. He realizado el trabajo desde una perspectiva comparada, ya que el debate surgido en el país galo es semejante al que tuvo lugar en (...) España en 2004, cuando se introdujo la perspectiva de género en el Código Penal. Abstract: After months of debate, the term “sexual identity” stated in the French Penal Code has been replaced with “gender identity”, thus finally incorporating the concept of gender within its legal text. This article, which is a humble reflection about the usefulness of this replacement, gathers the main arguments alleged for during the pre-legislative phase. This research has been carried out from a comparative perspective, since the debate which arose in France is similar to the one which took place in Spain in 2004, when the gender perspective was introduced in the Spanish Penal. (shrink)

Desde un recorrido por algunas de las transformaciones desarrolladas en la práctica religiosa cotidiana de distintas comunidades, producidas en los meses iniciales de la pandemia del COVID 19, se abordaron las respuestas de estas comunidades religiosas, mediadas por las Tics. La investigación tenía el objetivo de profundizar en los procesos de adaptación de los rituales y celebraciones religiosas, desde un acercamiento a los procesos de virtualización y digitalización. Asimismo, analizar el espacio que ocuparon los Mass Media en la formulación de (...) relatos sobre las prácticas religiosas en el contexto pandémico. Por último, comprender el papel que tuvieron las comunidades religiosas en la resolución de muchos de los conflictos e incertidumbres existenciales generadas durante ese período. En este sentido, quería dar respuesta a cuestiones cómo ¿Qué implicó la situación de Pandemia para las comunidades religiosas? ¿En qué medida podemos hablar de una redefinición de los espacios sagrados? ¿Qué lugar ocuparon las tecnologías a la hora de solventar las dificultades cultuales en las congregaciones religiosas? ¿Cuál fue el relato de los Mass Media sobre las prácticas de estas comunidades religiosas? Para dar respuesta a estas cuestiones se optó por la etnografía virtual de los espacios mediados por las Tics, y la realización de entrevistas para recoger las experiencias religiosas offline. Los resultados revelaron que la resiliencia mostrada por las personas de estas comunidades religiosas reflejaba su capacidad para reformular y redimensionar las prácticas religiosas, desde las herramientas digitales. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal presentar los principales resul- tados de una experiencia de innovación docente implementada en el 4º curso del Programa de Doble Grado en Derecho y Ciencias Políticas y de la Administración de la Universitat de València (UV). En concreto, se propuso, por parte del docente, una serie de fichas en las que se diseñaran medidas para acabar con la corrupción. Esta actividad tuvo lugar durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2022. Con el (...) objetivo de medir los conocimientos previos y realizar una evaluación posterior, se lanzó una encuesta inicial y final. (shrink)

Para este trabajo, seleccionamos los programas Bailando por un sueño, Intratables y El show de la mañana, y retomamos algunas expresiones de los sujetos que participaron en grupos de discusión durante los meses de octubre, noviembre y diciembre de 2016 en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Rosario y Córdoba.Estos programas televisivos, en tiempos de una “democracia mediatizada”, son centrales en la modelización de lo político en un sentido muy distinto a lo que definía el concepto de “videopolítica” en los 90. (...) Uno de los cambios a considerar remite al impacto del desarrollo de internet y a los dispositivos asociados para un tipo de “participación mediatizada” en vivo, que transforma sustantivamente el lugar y la posición que tenía el espectador de los viejos medios masivos de comunicación. Con relación al “objeto” de estos programas, es posible identificar y reconstruir una modelización recurrente en el qué se dice y cómo; construcción ideológica que encuentra en la macro forma compartida del panel, por ejemplo, una manera de presentar “diversidad de voces”, en tanto expresión resultante del proceso de trabajo que vincula estética y política en la construcción de una “verdad” sobre el contexto político actual.La estrategia expositiva y argumentativa es la siguiente: 1) Presentamos y caracterizamos estructuralmente a los programas seleccionados y los vinculamos con expresiones rescatadas de los grupos de discusión. 2) Seleccionamos ejes de comparación que posibilitan la precisión de recurrencias entre ellos. 3) Finalmente, con los resultados del recorrido descriptivo y analítico, exponemos rasgos y dinámicas de las novedosas formas de estetización de lo político —en el sentido benjaminiano— como proceso orientado a que las masas —en nuestro caso, los individuos— expresen sus demandas. (shrink)

A correspondência de Espinosa com Tschimhaus,` iniciada pouco antes da publicação do Tratado teológico-político e terminada alguns meses antes da morte do filósofo, é de marcada importância não só por conter os últimos escritos de Espinosa, mas sobretudo porque nela alguns dos temas mais importantes de sua filosofia são discutidos - nas primeiras, a relação entre necessidade e liberdade; nas seguintes, a distinção entre idéia verdadeira e adequada; nas últimas, o infinito atual, a possibilidade da exposição geométrica da metafísica e (...) de uma física a priori. Neste ensaio, mencionaremos a presença implícita de Leibniz nas últimas cartas de Tschirnhaus, mas trataremos apenas da primeira troca de cartas, cujo assunto é a divergência entre Tschirnhaus e Espinosa no tocante à liberdade. (shrink)

Este artículo establece una fecha nueva, más precisa, para la conclusión del trabajo de Maquiavelo en El Príncipe . Documentos de julio de 1515 descubiertos recientemente en archivos florentinos revelan que Nicolás Maquiavelo y su familia se estuvieron esforzando para salir de una crisis inesperada en la que habían caído durante los meses anteriores. Lo que motivó dicha crisis no fue otra cosa sino el fracaso del Príncipe de Maquiavelo a la hora de lograr el favor de la persona a (...) la que estaba dedicado: Lorenzo II de’ Medici. Así, la presentación del libro a Lorenzo puede ahora datarse entre el 15 de mayo y el 3 de julio de 1515, siendo más probable que sucediera a principios de este periodo. La versión final del texto fue completada en algún momento entre el 14 de febrero de 1515 y la presentación, varios meses después. (shrink)

Esta investigación ha sido motivada con la intención de analizar las ejecuciones morfológicas en dos grupos de niños procedentes de dos ambientes sociales y educativos diferentes. Concretamente, un grupo de niños-as procede de un ambiente socioeducativa de clase media (n=33) y otro grupo con desventaja medioambiental, de un ambiente social de clase baja (n=34), estando sus edades comprendidas entre 7 años y 6 meses, y 9 años. Los niños-as respondieron a un conjunto de subpruebas morfológicas, unas inventadas y otras reales: (...) las primeras estaban destinadas a medir la capacidad para aplicar reglas morfológicas inventadas sin carga léxicosemántica específica, no estando mediatizadas por aprendizajes anteriores;…. (shrink)

Esse trabalho é fruto de uma dissertação de mestrado e tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados acerca de como estudantes de um 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de um colégio particular da cidade de Londrina-PR, negociaram ativamente significados identitários científicos em aulas de Ciências. Acompanhamos, numa perspectiva etnometodológica, atividades realizadas nas aulas de ciências durante oito meses, entre 2010 e 2011. Neste texto, trataremos especificamente das formas como os estudantes buscam “colocar em perigo” a estabilidade da aula e a própria (...) estabilidade da identidade científica ao produzirem episódios de negociações, de dúvidas e de deslocamentos em relação à normalidade das posições de sujeito. Ao imergir nesse campo de ações, percebemos que a tática dos estudantes fazia-os convocados a assumirem determinadas posições que punham em suspenso o mito da origem da Ciência fundante e se constituírem como sujeitos em um processo em andamento, cambiante e em constante negociação. (shrink)

Mobilizadas pelas imagens do protesto “Ato em memória de Miguel” que circularam reiteradamente, nas redes sociais, nos meses de junho e julho passados, realizamos este trabalho analítico e reflexivo sobre algumas imagens relacionadas ao evento da morte do menino Miguel e as cenas de valor dão ver, propondo e operando o conceito de visualidades resolutivas. Para tal, nos auxiliaram na realização deste trabalho os conceitos de: evento racial na perspectiva de Denise Ferreira da Silva (2016); raça por Stuart Hall (2003) (...) e Denise Ferreira da Silva (2016; 2019); ativismo visual por Nicholas Mirzoeff (2016); documento, evento fotográfico e iconização por Ariella Azoulay (2014); e imagem resolutiva por Nêgo Bispo (2018). (shrink)