Une recherche sur l’insertion adulte après un placement a été menée auprès de cent vingt-trois personnes dans le cadre d’un village d’enfants SOS. Sont présentés ici les résultats concernant les relations fraternelles pendant le placement et aujourd’hui. Si les liens avec la fratrie biologique restent privilégiés, la cohabitation a modifié les représentations du lien fraternel et a permis d’acquérir de nouvelles ressources relationnelles. L’écart d’âge entre fratries, les troubles du comportement et les fortes disparités éducatives initiales jouent un (...) rôle déterminant sur les relations. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance d’une évaluation préliminaire fine et pluridisciplinaire, explorant les caractéristiques individuelles de chaque enfant mais également la dynamique relationnelle de la fratrie. (shrink)

La relation fraternelle est un domaine encore peu étudié et dont on n’épuise pas le sens et la fonction en la pensant comme n’étant qu’une projection sur les pairs d’une problématique qui se jouerait, en fait, avec les ascendants. La séduction fraternelle peut s’analyser à lueur de la problématique parents-enfants ou à celle de l’identification mentale, les deux axes pouvant, pour un même cas, se trouver intriqués de façon complexe. À partir de cas cliniques, nous montrons qu’il convient de différencier (...) ces deux axes pour mieux saisir le sens et la fonction de la séduction fraternelle dans la construction psychique du sujet, dans la naissance des conflits et dans leur résolution. La séduction fraternelle est à mi-chemin de la découverte de la différence des sexes et de la relation incestueuse, à mi-chemin des jeux sexuels infantiles et de la découverte de la sexualité génitale. En ce sens, elle constitue à la fois un miroir, un révélateur et un enjeu dans la construction du sujet en devenir. (shrink)

Dans les situations où les enfants d’une famille doivent être placés, la loi française actuelle recommande le placement en fratrie. Si le lien fraternel constitue une ressource pour la majorité des enfants placés, il peut parfois les fragiliser au contraire. L’objet du présent article est d’explorer les enjeux du fraternel en placement conjoint, en commençant par caractériser les relations fraternelles dans ce contexte. Puis un détour par la psychanalyse conduit à explorer les processus psychiques de la construction du (...) lien fraternel, ce qui permet d’aborder ensuite la manière dont peuvent se déployer, dans certaines circonstances, les violences intrafraternelles. Il s’agit alors de repérer les signes d’alerte conduisant les professionnels de la protection de l’enfance à privilégier dans certains cas une séparation des enfants au quotidien, tout en aménageant les conditions nécessaires au maintien du lien. (shrink)

Dans une perspective systémique, les auteurs, spécialistes de la psychologie de l’enfant, relèvent toute l’importance de la fratrie et de sa dynamique propre au sein de la famille. Cet article vise à apporter des éléments théoriques sur la dynamique fraternelle, dans le cadre d’un placement fraternel. L’observation d’une fratrie de deux enfants prolonge une réflexion sur le placement fraternel conjoint ou séparé. Il est souligné l’intérêt de réaliser une évaluation avant le placement afin de dégager des indicateurs sur la dynamique (...) de la relation fraternelle. Dans l’étude de cas présentée, un placement fraternel séparé a été privilégié pour favoriser l’individuation et la protection de chacun des enfants. Une évaluation tout au long du placement reste également nécessaire, concernant tant le développement individuel des enfants que l’évolution de la relation fraternelle. (shrink)

The inclusive society we live in promotes familial and extra-familial relationships for disabled people. The purpose of this research was to understand how adults with intellectual disability (ID) live with their families as well as with extra-familial peers and to identify their subjective and emotional experiences. Using an interdisciplinary approach including clinical psychology along with sociology – for the networks study – and philosophy – capabilities perspective, 23 adults ID were encountered for this qualitative research. Each of them were met (...) three times to discuss about relationships with their peers: 1/ during a semi-directive interview; 2/ with the Family Apperception Test (Sotile et al., 1988); 3/ with a sociogram. For this research, each tool was adapted in order to support the adults ID’s participation. Two structures were identified and seem to be impacted by the sibling bonds; the schooling career; the subjectivation of the disability. Analysis highlighted the importance of paying attention to the relationships with peers, since childhood to adulthood, by involving families and institutions. (shrink)

Toute relation fraternelle dépend de l’organisation de la famille, du mythe et de l’histoire familiale. En situation d’exil, des éléments supplémentaires entrent en jeu. Ces relations sont étroitement liées aux interactions parents/enfants et à l’étape du cycle de vie de la famille lors de l’arrivée de l’enfant. La migration remet en question l’équilibre des places et des rôles des enfants. Quelle va être la fonction de ceux-ci dans un système recomposé? Quelles sont les modalités de leur investissement dans la (...) survie du système familial? La rencontre avec les familles d’origine étrangère, dans un contexte de recherche, permet d’observer que les fratries se structurent autour de la situation d’exil : entre pays/cultures d’origine et d’accueil. Les exemples cliniques visent à mieux saisir les subtils aménagements à l’intérieur de ces fratries qui permettront de dégager des perspectives de soin. (shrink)

Notre étude s’intéresse à la réactivation des enjeux à l’œuvre dans les liens fraternels lors du devenir parent. À partir d’entretiens de recherche nous explorons comment les relations fraternelles infantiles se rejouent et participent à la construction du lien parental. La présentation de deux vignettes cliniques nous permet d’en dévoiler différents enjeux, tels que les processus d’identification et les mécanismes de défense utilisés.

Le désir d’une femme d’avoir un enfant la précipite dans un monde conflictuel. Quand elle n’a pas été en mesure de mener à son terme une séparation psychique avec la mère, son identification féminine demeure sous le joug maternel. Les sentiments inconscients de culpabilité, en raison de la volonté de mettre au monde un enfant, se concentrent en premier lieu sur la mère puis s’orientent vers le premier enfant et retentissent le cas échéant sur les relations fraternelles. L’article (...) s’attelle à la compréhension de la position particulière de la fille aînée qui deviendra une femme anxieuse, notamment concernant la gestion de ses relations au sein de la fratrie mais également avec ses parents. Élucider ces mécanismes constitue un moyen de démêler les nœuds émotionnels présents au sein de la fratrie. (shrink)

Résumé Cet article met en évidence la complexité des enjeux psychiques familiaux et individuels dans différentes cultures. La variabilité de la notion de famille et de celle de parenté fondée sur le tabou de l’inceste consanguin et symbolique introduit ces enjeux complexes. Les enjeux familiaux sont aussi différents selon le rang de l’enfant dans la fratrie, la différence des sexes ne manquant pas d’influer sur les relations fraternelles et les enjeux psychiques individuels.

Parmi les nombreuses lettres de Pierre Teilhard, celles envoyées aux Bégouen, près d'une centaine, occupent une place privilégiée. C'est en 1913, avec la rencontre du comte Henri Bégouën, passionné de préhistoire, que commence la relation de Teilhard avec cette famille. Durant la guerre, cette relation s'ouvre à Max, le fils aîné, et, par la suite, à Simone, son épouse. Dans sa correspondance, Teilhard témoigne d'une amitié profonde et fidèle tout particulièrement à l'égard du couple, qu'il compte parmi ses intimes. En (...) toute liberté, il lui fait part du cheminement de sa pensée et de l'état d'avancement de ses écrits, il lui confie ses difficultés avec les autorités religieuses et prend position sur les courants politiques et idéologiques qui secouent la France et le monde. Grâce aux nombreux souvenirs rassemblés par Max et à quelques copies de ses lettres à Teilhard, se perçoit l'influence déterminante du jésuite sur sa vie et sur son activité professionnelle en Afrique. S'y révèle aussi la riche personnalité du couple qui a contribué au rayonnement de la pensée de Teilhard. Dès 1928, Simone reproduit et diffuse les essais envoyés de Chine par Teilhard. Initiative, peu connue jusqu'à présent, qui a facilité l'édition rapide des oeuvres complètes. En postface, quatre spécialistes de l'oeuvre de Teilhard, Jean-Pierre Demoulin, François Fuvé, Henri Madelin et Gustave Martelet, mettent en lumière l'apport de ces lettres à la compréhension de la personnalité et de la vision clu monde du jésuite. De cet ensemble, il ressort clairement que la pensée teilhardienne déborde des cercles scientifiques et peut éclairer les chrétiens soucieux de construire une société plus juste et plus fraternelle. Les éditions Lessius ont aussi publié la Correspondance de Pierre Teilhard avec Lucile Swan (2008) et Teilhard de Chardin prophète d'un Christ toujours plus grand de Gustave Martelet (2005). (shrink)

Cet article écrit par deux psychologues cliniciens met en évidence ce qui des difficultés apparentes entre mère et fils est le fruit du passé de violences conjugales et ce qui est de l’ordre des difficultés primaires du lien. À partir de l’étude d’une dyade mère-fils rencontrée en MECS au travers d’un dispositif praticien, trois types d’entretiens ont été mis en place : individuels, mère-enfant et fraternels. Les divers éléments de la clinique tendent à montrer que les difficultés actuelles s’originent dans (...) la relation primaire mère-fils où la problématique de la dette tient elle aussi une part importante. (shrink)

Quand on s'interroge sur le type de catholicité ou d'universalité qui convient à l'Église à notre époque de mondialisation, il faut prendre pour objectif direct, non le seul profit de l'Église, mais le service de l'Évangile, et pour base de réflexion, non les structures institutionnelles, mais ce qui est déjà en train de germer dans les communautés chrétiennes. La perspective qui se dessine alors est d'ordre anthropologique et non simplement religieuse : la forme évangélique dont l'Église doit témoigner est celle (...) d'un vivre-ensemble fraternel, d'une capacité de relation ouverte à tous, d'un refus de toute exclusion, d'une ouverture à tout l'humain. Cette orientation permet d'esquisser des figures nouvelles d'ecclésialité, ordonnées au service du monde , disséminées dans la société , s'accommodant d'appartenances sélectives et provisoires, appelant un fonctionnement nouveau de l'Église locale et de l'autorité centrale. Ces figures sont à créer, l'Évangile le permet et y pousse ; au terme se laisse entrevoir une œcuménicité décentrée et immergée dans l'histoire des hommes. When we ask ourselves about the kind of catholicity or universality that is fitting for the Church in our age of globalization, we should take for our direct object, not the unique profit of the Church, but the service of the Gospel. And for a basis of reflection, not institutional structure, but that which is already being germinated in Christian communities. Then the perspective that is designed is of an anthropological dimension and not simply religions : the evangelical form that the Church should witness to is that of a fraternal living together, a capacity of relation open to everyone, a refusal of all exclusion, and an opening to all what is human. This orientation allows us to sketch new figures of ecclesiality, ordered to the service of the world , spread throughout society , accommodating itself to selective and provisional belongings, and calling for a new functioning of the local church and of central authority. These figures need to be created ; the Gospel allows for it and encourages it. One can foresee ecumenism as the result, decentralized and emerged in the history of humanity. (shrink)

Barbarism was by no means unique to the past 100 years, Jonathan Glover tells us, but ''it is still right that much of 20th-century history has been a very unpleasant surprise.'' This was the century of Passchendaele, Dresden, Nanking, Nagasaki and Rwanda; of the Final Solution, the gulag, the Great Leap Forward, Year Zero and ethnic cleansing -- names that stand for killings in the six and seven figures and for suffering beyond comprehension. The technological progress that inspired the optimism (...) of the Victorians turned out also to multiply the effects of old-fashioned evil and criminal stupidity. (shrink)

The philosophies of education serve as the guide of the teachers in handling the teaching-learning process. However, a belief will remain as a belief unless it is practiced. This study aimed to find the relationship between the philosophical beliefs and practices of the 30 teachers of the schools in San Roque, Mabini, Bohol - San Roque Elementary School and San Roque National High School, S.Y. 2019-2020. The study utilized a quantitative method descriptive survey research design. The research instrument used was (...) a self-constructed questionnaire in which the reliability was tested by a Cronbach’s Alpha using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. Simple percentage and weighted mean were some of the statistical treatments used. Kendall’s tau_b, a non-parametric test, was used to determine the correlation between philosophical beliefs and their equivalent pedagogical practices. All of the statistical treatments were also run using the SPSS software. Further, the researcher assured the proper observation of the research ethics protocol. Based on the results, the philosophies of Progressivism (3.63) and Perennialism (3.31) were the most and least prevailing philosophical beliefs, respectively. On the other hand, the most and least prevailing philosophies practiced are Progressivism (3.69) and Essentialism (3.19), respectively. Moreover, research findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between the philosophical beliefs of teachers and their pedagogical practices. In conclusion, this study claims that teachers’ pedagogical practices are dependent to their philosophical beliefs; and as the teachers believed on a particular philosophy of education, they practice it accordingly to the extent of their adherence to the belief. (shrink)

“Realization” is a technical term that is used by metaphysicians, philosophers of mind, and philosophers of science to denote some dependence relation that is thought to obtain between higher-level properties and lower-level properties. It is said that mental properties are realized by physical properties; functional and computational properties are realized by first-order properties that occupy certain causal/functional roles; dispositional properties are realized by categorical properties; so on and so forth. Given this wide usage of the term “realization”, it would be (...) right to think that there might be different dependence relations that this term denotes in different cases. Any relation that is aptly picked out by this term can be taken to be a realization relation. The aim of this state-of-the-field article is to introduce the central questions about the concept of realization, and provide formulations of a number of realization relations. In doing so, I identify some theoretical roles realization relations should play, and discuss some theories of realization in relation to these theoretical roles. (shrink)

Organisms engage in various activities that are directed at objects, whether real or imagined. Such activities may be termed “intentional relations.” We present a four-level framework of social understanding that organizes the ways in which social organisms represent the intentional relations of themselves and other agents. We presuppose that the information available to an organism about its own intentional relations (or first person information) is qualitatively different from the information available to that organism about other agents’ intentional (...) relations (or third person information). However, through the integration of these two sources of information, it is possible to generate representations of intentional relations that are uniformly applicable to the activities of both self and other. The four levels of the framework differ in the extent to which such integration occurs and in the degree to which imagination is involved in generating these representations. Most animals exist at the lowest level, at which integration of first and third person sources of information does not occur. Of nonhuman species, only great apes exhibit social understanding at intermediate levels, at which integration of these sources of information provides uniform representations of intentional relations. Only humans attain the highest level, at which it is possible to represent intentional relations with mental objects. We propose that with the development of the imagination, children progress through three stages, equivalent to the later three levels of the framework. The abnormalities in social understanding of autistic individuals are hypothesized to result from a failure to develop integrated representations of intentional relations. (shrink)

There is a standard view of relations, held by philosophers and logicians alike, according to which we may meaningfully talk of a relation holding of several objects in a given order. Thus it is supposed that we may meaningfully—indeed, correctly—talk of the relation loves holding of Anthony and Cleopatra or of the relation between holding of New York, Washington, and Boston. But innocuous as this view might appear to be, it cannot be accepted as applying to all relations (...) whatever. For there is an important class of metaphysical and linguistic contexts which call for an alternative conception of relation, one for which the order of the relata plays no role and in which the application of the relation to its relata is achieved by other means. (shrink)

In this revised edition of his 1979 classic Political Theory and International Relations, Charles Beitz rejects two highly influential conceptions of international theory as empirically inaccurate and theoretically misleading. In one, international relations is a Hobbesian state of nature in which moral judgments are entirely inappropriate, and in the other, states are analogous to persons in domestic society in having rights of autonomy that insulate them from external moral assessment and political interference. Beitz postulates that a theory of (...) international politics should include a revised principle of state autonomy based on the justice of a state’s domestic institutions, and a principle of international distributive justice to establish a fair division of resources and wealth among persons situated in diverse national societies. (shrink)

Examines the link between nonmonotonic inference relations and theory revision operations, focusing on the correspondence between abstract properties which each may satisfy.

Philosophers have proposed various kinds of relations between Mendelian genetics and molecular biology: reduction, replacement, explanatory extension. This paper argues that the two fields are best characterized as investigating different, serially integrated, hereditary mechanisms. The mechanisms operate at different times and contain different working entities. The working entities of the mechanisms of Mendelian heredity are chromosomes, whose movements serve to segregate alleles and independently assort genes in different linkage groups. The working entities of numerous mechanisms of molecular biology are (...) larger and smaller segments of DNA plus related molecules. Discovery of molecular DNA mechanisms filled black boxes that were noted, but unilluminated, by Mendelian genetics. (shrink)

The agent-structure problem is a much discussed issue in the field of international relations. In his comprehensive analysis of this problem, Colin Wight deconstructs the accounts of structure and agency embedded within differing IR theories and, on the basis of this analysis, explores the implications of ontology - the metaphysical study of existence and reality. Wight argues that there are many gaps in IR theory that can only be understood by focusing on the ontological differences that construct the theoretical (...) landscape. By integrating the treatment of the agent-structure problem in IR theory with that in social theory, Wight makes a positive contribution to the problem as an issue of concern to the wider human sciences. At the most fundamental level politics is concerned with competing visions of how the world is and how it should be, thus politics is ontology. (shrink)

Fifteen philosophers offer new essays exploring the metaphysics of relations from antiquity to the present day. They address topics as diverse as ancient and medieval reasons for scepticism about polyadic properties; recent attempts to reduce causal and spatiotemporal relations; recent work on the directionality of relational properties; powers ontologies and their associated problems; whether the most promising interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a fundamentally relational world; and whether the very idea of such a world is coherent. From those (...) who question whether there are relational properties at all, to those who hold they are a fundamental part of reality, The Metaphysics of Relations covers a broad spectrum of positions on the nature and ontological status of relations, from antiquity to the present day. (shrink)

Can Bradley's Regress be solved by positing relational tropes as truth-makers? No, no more than Russell's paradox can be solved by positing Fregean extensions. To call a trope relational is to pack into its essence the relating function it is supposed to perform but without explaining what Bradley's Regress calls into question, viz. the capacity of relations to relate. This problem has been masked from view by the (questionable) assumption that the only genuine ontological problems that can be intelligibly (...) raised are those that can be answered by providing a schedule of truthmakers. (shrink)

This article articulates and defends F. H. Bradley's regress argument against external relations using contemporary analytic techniques and conceptuality. Bradley's argument is usually quickly dismissed as if it were beneath serious consideration. But I shall maintain that Bradley's argument, suitably reconstructed, is a powerful argument, plausibly premised, and free of such obvious fallacies as petitio principii. Thus it does not rest on the question‐begging assumption that all relations are internal, as Russell, and more recently van Inwagen, maintain. Bradley (...) does not attack external relations in order to affirm a doctrine of internal relations, and his monism is not derived from the internality of all relations, but from the self‐contradictory nature of all relations. For Bradley, it is the “relational situation”as such that is ontologically defective. (shrink)

This paper examines the relations between, on the one hand, accounts of the distinction between an agent's identifying with, as opposed to feeling alienated from, their attitudes; and on the other, metaphysical accounts of action. It claims that a commitment to an event-causal conception of agency, which would analyse agency in terms of the causal potency of psychological states and events, appears to render mandatory a particular style of account of identification and alienation – namely, the hierarchical model offered (...) by Harry Frankfurt and Michael Bratman. It is argued that such accounts fall foul of a dilemma: the Authority Problem. The failure of attempts to avoid the Authority Problem is then used to motivate an attractive alternative style of account of the distinction, offered by Richard Moran. However, it is pressed that Moran's account rests on claims about agency which seem incompatible with the event-causal conception of agency. By making the links between the metaphysics of agency and accounts of identification and alienation more explicit, the paper allows us to better comprehend both the apparent need for and characteristic failures of some traditional accounts of identification and alienation, as well as make clear the action-theoretical debt incurred by those who would offer an alternative. (shrink)

In the last 10 years, several authors including Griffiths and Matthen have employed classificatory principles from biology to argue for a radical revision in the way that we individuate psychological traits. Arguing that the fundamental basis for classification of traits in biology is that of ‘homology’ (similarity due to common descent) rather than ‘analogy’, or ‘shared function’, and that psychological traits are a special case of biological traits, they maintain that psychological categories should be individuated primarily by relations of (...) homology rather than in terms of shared function. This poses a direct challenge to the dominant philosophical view of how to define psychological categories, viz., ‘functionalism’. Although the implications of this position extend to all psychological traits, the debate has centered around ‘emotion’ as an example of a psychological category ripe for reinterpretation within this new framework of classification. I address arguments by Griffiths that emotions should be divided into at least two distinct classes, basic emotions and higher cognitive emotions, and that these two classes require radically different theories to explain them. Griffiths argues that while basic emotions in humans are homologous to the corresponding states in other animals, higher cognitive emotions are dependent on mental capacities unique to humans, and are therefore not homologous to basic emotions. Using the example of shame, I argue that (a) many emotions that are commonly classified as being higher cognitive emotions actually correspond to certain basic emotions, and that (b) the “higher cognitive forms” of these emotions are best seen as being homologous to their basic forms. (shrink)

Le complexe fraternel mettant en scène la jalousie participe à l’organisation de la subjectivation de l’individu et préfigure l’intersubjectivation par le biais d’un pacte narcissique de fratrie. Dans des configurations familiales où la problématique de la filiation traumatique est présente, le complexe d’intrusion devient désorganisateur du fait d’un fonctionnement incestuel et de la puissance de l’emprise, engendrant une logique fratricidaire à l’origine de violences. Les auteurs proposent à partir de l’expérience de l’un d’entre eux de revisiter l’expérience fraternelle dans le (...) cadre de la psychothérapie familiale. À travers des exemples cliniques, et en prenant appui sur des moments fondateurs du lien fraternel en thérapie familiale, ils mettent en évidence l’importance de l’espace fraternel comme lieu d’interfantasmatisation permettant une reconstruction des liens de filiation. (shrink)

A natural experiment was conducted studying the relations among student cheating, motivation, religiosity, and attitudes toward cheating. Students enrolled in a dual religious/college curriculum were surveyed regarding their cheating behavior, attitudes toward cheating, religiosity, and learning/grade motivations toward classes. Business and liberal arts college students were represented. Results strongly support the following conclusions. First, grade orientation is associated with increases in self-reported cheating. Second, among these religious students, more religiosity correlates with reduced reports of cheating in all courses. This (...) result appears to be due to the unique effect of religion on self-reported cheating rates and, depending on course content, on a reduction of grade orientation in religious students. Third, business students report more cheating than their liberal arts counterparts, even when taking the same courses. They have less critical attitudes toward cheating and greater grade orientation, both of which statistically contribute to this difference, but other factors are involved as well. Keywords: academic integrity, motivation, religiosity, cheating. (shrink)

There are two ways to characterize symmetric relations. One is intensional: necessarily, _Rxy_ iff _Ryx_. In some discussions of relations, however, what is important is whether or not a relation gives rise to the same completion of a given type (fact, state of affairs, or proposition) for each of its possible applications to some fixed relata. Kit Fine calls relations that do ‘strictly symmetric’. Is there is a difference between the notions of necessary and strict symmetry that (...) would prevent them from being used interchangeably in such discussions? I show that there is. While the notions coincide assuming an intensional account of relations and their completions, according to which relations/completions are identical if they are necessarily coinstantiated/equivalent, they come apart assuming a hyperintensional account, which individuates relations and completions more finely on the basis of relations’ real definitions. I establish this by identifying two definable relations, each of which is necessarily symmetric but nonetheless results in distinct facts when it applies to the same objects in opposite orders. In each case, I argue that these facts are distinct because they have different grounds. (shrink)

We study the complexity of the isomorphism relation on classes of computable structures. We use the notion of FF-reducibility introduced in [9] to show completeness of the isomorphism relation on many familiar classes in the context of all ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{1}^{1}$ equivalence relations on hyperarithmetical subsets of ω.

This research addresses the kinds of matching elements that determine analogical relatedness and literal similarity. Despite theoretical agreement on the importance of relational match, the empirical evidence is neither systematic nor definitive. In 3 studies, participants performed online evaluations of relatedness of sentence pairs that varied in either the object or relational match. Results show a consistent focus on relational matches as the main determinant of analogical acceptance. In addition, analogy does not require strict overall identity of relational concepts. Semantically (...) overlapping but nonsynonymous relations were commonly accepted, but required more processing time. Finally, performance in a similarity rating task partly paralleled analogical acceptance; however, relatively more weight was given to object matches. Implications for psychological theories of analogy and similarity are addressed. (shrink)

I examine and discuss in this paper Orilia’s theory of external, non-symmetrical relations, that is based on ontological roles (O-Roles). I explore several attempts to interpret O-Roles from an ontological viewpoint and I reject them because of two problems concerning the status of asymmetrical relations (to be distinguished from non-symmetrical relations simpliciter) and of exemplification as an external, non-symmetrical relation. Finally, following Heil’s and Lowe’s characterization of modes as particular properties that ontologically depend on their “bearers”, I (...) introduce relational modes in order to define a new solution to the problems of the ontological status of both external, non-symmetrical relations and O-Roles. I also deal with five objections raised by Fraser MacBride against relational modes and O-Roles and I elaborate an analysis of the relations of being to the left of and being to the right of. (shrink)

This paper examines precursors and consequents of perceived relevance of a proposition A for a proposition C. In Experiment 1, we test Spohn's assumption that ∆P = P − P is a good predictor of ratings of perceived relevance and reason relations, and we examine whether it is a better predictor than the difference measure − P). In Experiment 2, we examine the effects of relevance on probabilistic coherence in Cruz, Baratgin, Oaksford, and Over's uncertain “and-to-if” inferences. The results (...) suggest that ∆P predicts perceived relevance and reason relations better than the difference measure and that participants are either less probabilistically coherent in “and-to-if” inferences than initially assumed or that they do not follow P = P. Results are discussed in light of recent results suggesting that the Equation may not hold under conditions of irrelevance or negative relevance. (shrink)

In this article, we present a new conception of internal relations between quantity tropes falling under determinates and determinables. We begin by providing a novel characterization of the necessary relations between these tropes as basic internal relations. The core ideas here are that the existence of the relata is sufficient for their being internally related, and that their being related does not require the existence of any specific entities distinct from the relata. We argue that quantity tropes (...) are, as determinate particular natures, internally related by certain relations of proportion and order. By being determined by the nature of tropes, the relations of proportion and order remain invariant in conventional choice of unit for any quantity and give rise to natural divisions among tropes. As a consequence, tropes fall under distinct determinables and determinates. Our conception provides an accurate account of quantitative distances between tropes but avoids commitment to determinable universals. In this important respect, it compares favorably with the standard conception taking exact similarity and quantitative distances as primitive internal relations. Moreover, we argue for the superiority of our approach in comparison with two additional recent accounts of the similarity of quantity tropes. (shrink)

There is an urgent call for nurses to address climate change, especially in advocating for those most under threat to the impacts. Social justice is important to nurses in their relations with individuals and populations, including actions to address climate justice. The purpose of this article is to present a Global Nurse Agenda for Climate Justice to spark dialog, provide direction, and to promote nursing action for just‐relations and responsibility for planetary health. Grounding ourselves within the Mi'kmaw concept (...) of Etuaptmumk (two‐eyed seeing), we suggest that climate justice is both call and response, moving nurses from silence to Ksaltultinej (love as action). We review the movement for climate justice in nursing, weaving between our own stories, our relations with Mi'kmaw ways of knowing, and the stories of the movement, with considerations for the (w)holistic perspectives foundational to nursing's metaparadigm of person, environment, and health. We provide a background to the work of the Global Nurse Agenda for Climate Justice steering committee including their role at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, 2021, and share our own stories of action to frame this agenda. We accept our Responsibility for the challenges of climate justice with humility and invite others to join us. (shrink)

Relations computed by finite-state transducers are applied to interpret temporal propositions in terms of strings representing finite contexts or situations. Carnap–Montague intensions mapping indices to extensions are reformulated as relations between strings that can serve as indices and extensions alike. Strings are related according to information content, temporal span and granularity, the bounds on which reflect the partiality of natural language statements. That partiality shapes not only strings-as-extensions (indicating what statements are about) but also strings-as-indices (underlying truth conditions).

Tyler Burge has argued that a necessary condition for individual's having many of the thoughts he has is that he bear certain relations to other language users. Burge's conclusion is based on a thought experiment in which an individual's social relations are imagined, counterfactually, to differ from how they are actually. The result is that it seems, counterfactually, the individual cannot be attributed many of the thoughts he can be actually. In the article, an alternative interpretation of Burge's (...) thought experiment is offered on which the intuitions Burge evokes can be accepted while his conclusion about the social character of thought is denied. The alternative interpretation given, it is then argued that it is preferable to Burge's. (shrink)

In Animal Ethics in Context, Clare Palmer tries to harmonise two competing approaches to animal ethics. One focuses on the morally relevant capacities that animals possess. The other is the Laissez-Faire Intuition (LFI): the claim that we have duties to assist domesticated animals but should (at least generally) leave wild animals alone. In this paper, I critique the arguments that Palmer offers in favour of the No-Contact LFI - the view that we have (prima facie) duties not to harm wild (...) animals but no duties to assist them. I argue that Palmer's endorsement of the No-Contact LFI is unwarranted. Her arguments actually provide strong reasons to endorse what I call the Gradient View - a position that posits weak presumptive duties to assist wild animals that become stronger as our relations with the animals grow stronger. (shrink)