Results for 'mechanical ventilation'

981 found
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  1.  9
    Noninvasive mechanical ventilation from an analysis of science, technology and society.Gilberto Lázaro Betancourt Reyes & Gilberto de Jesús Betancourt Betancourt - 2018 - Humanidades Médicas 18 (3):734-748.
    RESUMEN Dentro de la enorme cantidad de temas reinantes relacionados con el desarrollo científico-tecnológico actual, se encuentra indudablemente el del empleo de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva como medida de soporte vital. Aunque no se trata de una obra especifica que presente un panorama completo y exacto, de todos y cada uno de los problemas relacionados con el empleo de la misma, los autores pretenden con el artículo realizar una breve reflexión del tema desde el enfoque de la ciencia, la (...)
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  2.  57
    Distanciation in Ricoeur's theory of interpretation: narrations in a study of life experiences of living with chronic illness and home mechanical ventilation.Pia Sander Dreyer & Birthe D. Pedersen - 2009 - Nursing Inquiry 16 (1):64-73.
    Within the caring science paradigm, variations of a method of interpretation inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's theory of interpretation are used. This method consists of several levels of interpretation: a naïve reading, a structural analysis, and a critical analysis and discussion. Within this paradigm, the aim of this article is to present and discuss a means of creating distance in the interpretation and the text structure by using narration in a poetic language linked to the meaning of the (...)
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  3.  97
    Ethical challenges in home mechanical ventilation: A secondary analysis.Knut Dybwik, Erik Waage Nielsen & Berit Støre Brinchmann - 2012 - Nursing Ethics 19 (2):233-244.
    The aim of this study was to explore the ethical challenges in home mechanical ventilation based on a secondary analysis of qualitative empirical data. The data included perceptions of healthcare professionals in hospitals and community health services and family members of children and adults using home mechanical ventilation. The findings show that a number of ethical challenges, or dilemmas, arise at all levels in the course of treatment: deciding who should be offered home mechanical (...), respect for patient and family wishes, quality of life, dignity and equal access to home mechanical ventilation. Other challenges were the impacts home mechanical ventilation had on the patient, the family, the healthcare services and the allocation of resources. A better and broader understanding of these issues is crucial in order to improve the quality of care for both patient and family and assist healthcare professionals involved in home mechanical ventilation to make decisions for the good of the patient and his or her family. (shrink)
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  4.  32
    A “little bit illegal”? Withholding and withdrawing of mechanical ventilation in the eyes of German intensive care physicians.Sabine Beck, Andreas Loo & Stella Reiter-Theil - 2008 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (1):7-16.
    Research questions and backgroundThis study explores a highly controversial issue of medical care in Germany: the decision to withhold or withdraw mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It analyzes difficulties in making these decisions and the physicians’ uncertainty in understanding the German terminology of Sterbehilfe, which is used in the context of treatment limitation. Used in everyday language, the word Sterbehilfe carries connotations such as helping the patient in the dying process or helping the patient to enter the (...)
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  5.  64
    A “little bit illegal”? Withholding and withdrawing of mechanical ventilation in the eyes of German intensive care physicians.Sabine Beck, Andreas van de Loo & Stella Reiter-Theil - 2008 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 11 (1):7-16.
    Research questions and backgroundThis study explores a highly controversial issue of medical care in Germany: the decision to withhold or withdraw mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. It analyzes difficulties in making these decisions and the physicians’ uncertainty in understanding the German terminology of Sterbehilfe, which is used in the context of treatment limitation. Used in everyday language, the word Sterbehilfe carries connotations such as helping the patient in the dying process or helping the patient to enter the (...)
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  6.  19
    Ethical issues in invasive mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Yuko Hirano & Yoshihiko Yamazaki - 2010 - Nursing Ethics 17 (1):51-63.
    Currently in Japan, discontinuing an invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) is illegal; therefore IMV-related decision making is a crucial issue. This study examined IMV decision-making factors and psychological conflict in 50 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Herth Hope Index was used for the assessment of pre- and post-IMV conflict. Interviews identified some decision-making factors: patient’s decision, patient’s and family’s mutual decision, family’s decision, and emergency-induced without patient’s or family’s consent. Participants who experienced no IMV-related regret received sufficient prior IMV (...)
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  7.  22
    Home mechanical ventilators: the point of view of the patients.Cristina Senent, Renaud Lepaul-Ercole, Eusebi Chiner, Catherine Lamouroux, Thomas Similowski & Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo - 2010 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 16 (4):832-834.
  8.  29
    Identification of a non-linear model as a new method to detect expiratory airflow limitation in mechanically ventilated patients.S. Khirani, L. Biot, P. Lavagne, A. Duguet, T. Similowski & P. Baconnier - 2004 - Acta Biotheoretica 52 (4):241-254.
    Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) can occur in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other disorders. It leads to dynamic hyperinflation with ensuing deleterious consequences. Detecting EFL is thus clinically relevant. Easily applicable methods however lack this detection being routinely made in intensive care. Using a simple mathematical model, we propose a new method to detect EFL that does not require any intervention or modification of the ongoing therapeutic. The model consists in a monoalveolar representation of the respiratory (...)
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  9.  37
    Patients’ statements and experiences concerning receiving mechanical ventilation: a prospective video‐recorded study.Veronika Karlsson, Berit Lindahl & Ingegerd Bergbom - 2012 - Nursing Inquiry 19 (3):247-258.
    KARLSSON V, LINDAHL B and BERGBOM I. Nursing Inquiry 2012; 19: 247–258 Patients’ statements and experiences concerning receiving mechanical ventilation: a prospective video‐recorded studyProspective studies using video‐recordings of patients during mechanical ventilator treatment (MVT) while conscious have not previously been published. The aim was to describe patients’ statements, communication and facial expressions during a video‐recorded interview while undergoing MVT. Content analysis and hermeneutics inspired by the philosophy of Gadamer were used. The patients experienced almost constant difficulties in (...)
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  10.  33
    The ethical concerns of seeking consent from critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients for research – A matter of possessing capacity or surrogate insight.Avelino C. Verceles & Waqas Bhatti - 2018 - Clinical Ethics 13 (3):107-111.
    Conducting clinical research on subjects admitted to intensive care units is challenging, as they frequently lack the capacity to provide informed consent due to multiple factors including intensive care unit acquired delirium, coma, the need for sedation, or underlying critical illness. However, the presence of one or more of these characteristics does not automatically designate a potential subject as lacking capacity to provide their own informed consent. We review the ethical issues involved in obtaining informed consent for medical research from (...)
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  11.  13
    Neuromuscular paralysis and withdrawal of mechanical ventilation.J. Berger - 1994 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 5 (3):272.
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  12.  9
    Neuromuscular Paralysis and Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation.Lisa Kirkland - 1994 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 5 (1):38-39.
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  13.  23
    Improving blood gas control in mechanically ventilated, premature infants through monitoring and evaluation of clinical practice.Jacob Steinmetz & Gorm Greisen - 2003 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9 (4):433-435.
  14.  28
    Cardiorespiratory dynamics during transitions between mechanical and spontaneous ventilation in intensive care.Anton Burykin & Timothy G. Buchman - 2008 - Complexity 13 (6):40-59.
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  15.  67
    Pandemic Ventilator Rationing and Appeals Processes.Daniel Patrone & David Resnik - 2011 - Health Care Analysis 19 (2):165-179.
    In a severe influenza pandemic, hospitals will likely experience serious and widespread shortages of patient pulmonary ventilators and of staff qualified to operate them. Deciding who will receive access to mechanical ventilation will often determine who lives and who dies. This prospect raises an important question whether pandemic preparedness plans should include some process by which individuals affected by ventilator rationing would have the opportunity to appeal adverse decisions. However, the issue of appeals processes to ventilator rationing decisions (...)
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  16.  30
    Transforming normative, ableist, and biomedical orientations to living well and quality of life in nursing: Reimagining what a ventilated body can do.Elizabeth J. Straus, Helen Brown, Gail Teachman & Fuchsia Howard - 2023 - Nursing Inquiry 30 (3):e12554.
    A goal of living as well as possible is central to practice and research with young adults living with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Significant effort has been put into conceptualizing and measuring the quality of life (QOL) as a proxy for living well. Yet, dominant understandings of QOL have been influenced by normative, ableist, and biomedical discourses about what constitutes a good life that, when applied in practice and systems with those living with HMV, can contribute to exclusion (...)
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  17.  48
    Who gets the ventilator? Important legal rights in a pandemic.Kathleen Liddell, Jeffrey M. Skopek, Stephanie Palmer, Stevie Martin, Jennifer Anderson & Andrew Sagar - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (7):421-426.
    COVID-19 is a highly contagious infection with no proven treatment. Approximately 2.5% of patients need mechanical ventilation while their body fights the infection.1 Once COVID-19 patients reach the point of critical illness where ventilation is necessary, they tend to deteriorate quickly. During the pandemic, patients with other conditions may also present at the hospital needing emergency ventilation. But ventilation of a COVID-19 patient can last for 2–3 weeks. Accordingly, if all ventilators are in use, there (...)
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  18.  35
    Sufficiency of Care in Disasters: Ventilation, Ventilator Triage, and the Misconception of Guideline-Driven Treatment.Griffin Trotter - 2010 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 21 (4):294-307.
    This essay examines the management of ventilatory failure in disaster settings where clinical needs overwhelm available resources. An ethically defensible approach in such settings will adopt a “sufficiency of care” perspective that is: (1) adaptive, (2) resource-driven, and (3) responsive to the values of populations being served. Detailed, generic, antecedently written guidelines for “ventilator triage” or other management issues typically are of limited value, and may even impede ethical disaster response if they result in rescuers’ clumsily interpreting events through the (...)
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  19.  51
    Experiences of exclusion when living on a ventilator: reflections based on the application of Julia Kristeva's philosophy to caring science.Berit Lindahl - 2011 - Nursing Philosophy 12 (1):12-21.
    The research presented in this work represents reflections in the light of Julia Kristeva's philosophy concerning empirical data drawn from research describing the everyday life of people dependent on ventilators. It also presents a qualitative and narrative methodological approach from a person‐centred perspective. Most research on home ventilator treatment is biomedical. There are a few published studies describing the situation of people living at home on a ventilator but no previous publications have used the thoughts in Kristeva's philosophy applied to (...)
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  20.  29
    Nurses’ role and care practices in decision-making regarding artificial ventilation in late stage pulmonary disease.Heidi Jerpseth, Vegard Dahl, Per Nortvedt & Kristin Halvorsen - 2017 - Nursing Ethics 24 (7):821-832.
    Background: Decisions regarding whether or not to institute mechanical ventilation during the later stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is challenging both ethically, emotionally and medically. Caring for these patients is a multifaceted process where nurses play a crucial role. Research question and design: We have investigated how nurses experienced their own role in decision-making processes regarding mechanical ventilation in later stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how they consider the patients’ role in these processes. (...)
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  21.  25
    Parental manual ventilation in resource-limited settings: an ethical controversy.Emily Barsky & Sadath Sayeed - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (7):459-464.
    Lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children in low-income countries are disproportionately affected. This is in large part due to limitations in healthcare resources and medical technologies. Mechanical ventilation can be a life-saving therapy for many children with acute respiratory failure. The scarcity of functioning ventilators in low-income countries results in countless preventable deaths. Some hospitals have attempted to adapt to this scarcity by using hand-bag ventilation, as either a (...)
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  22. Ethical heuristics for pandemic allocation of ventilators across hospitals.César Palacios-González, Jonathan Pugh, Dominic Wilkinson & Julian Savulescu - 2022 - Developing World Bioethics 22 (1):34-43.
    In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic philosophers and governments have proposed scarce resource allocation guidelines. Their purpose is to advise healthcare professionals on how to ethically allocate scarce medical resources. One challenging feature of the pandemic has been the large numbers of patients needing mechanical ventilatory support. Guidelines have paradigmatically focused on the question of what doctors should do if they have fewer ventilators than patients who need respiratory support: which patient should get the ventilator? There is, however, an (...)
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  23.  31
    A Pythagorean Fuzzy Multigranulation Probabilistic Model for Mine Ventilator Fault Diagnosis.Chao Zhang, Deyu Li, Yimin Mu & Dong Song - 2018 - Complexity 2018:1-19.
    In coal mining industry, the running state of mine ventilators plays an extremely significant role for the safe and reliable operation of various industrial productions. To guarantee the better reliability, safety, and economy of mine ventilators, in view of early detection and effective fault diagnosis of mechanical faults which could prevent unscheduled downtime and minimize maintenance fees, it is imperative to construct some viable mathematical models for mine ventilator fault diagnosis. In this article, we plan to establish a data-based (...)
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  24. Moral principles for allocating scarce medical resources in an influenza pandemic.Marcel Verweij - 2009 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 6 (2):159--169.
    One of the societal problems in a new influenza pandemic will be how to use the scarce medical resources that are available for prevention and treatment, and what medical, epidemiological and ethical justifications can be given for the choices that have to be made. Many things may become scarce: personal protective equipment, antiviral drugs, hospital beds, mechanical ventilation, vaccination, etc. In this paper I discuss two general ethical principles for priority setting (utility and equity) and explain how these (...)
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  25.  68
    If Food and Water Are Proportionate Means, Why Not Oxygen?John Skalko - 2013 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 13 (3):453-467.
    Providing food and water, even by tube, is in principle an ordinary and proportionate means of preserving life. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith made that clear in its August 1, 2007 statement on the matter. However, a pressing question remains: What about oxygen? Food and water are necessary for life. Is not oxygen equally necessary? So why did the CDF not also declare the use of a mechanical ventilator to be in principle an ordinary and proportionate (...)
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  26.  38
    Mathematical Modeling of Respiratory System Mechanics in the Newborn Lamb.Virginie Le Rolle, Nathalie Samson, Jean-Paul Praud & Alfredo I. Hernández - 2013 - Acta Biotheoretica 61 (1):91-107.
    In this paper, a mathematical model of the respiratory mechanics is used to reproduce experimental signal waveforms acquired from three newborn lambs. As the main challenge is to determine specific lamb parameters, a sensitivity analysis has been realized to find the most influent parameters, which are identified using an evolutionary algorithm. Results show a close match between experimental and simulated pressure and flow waveforms obtained during spontaneous ventilation and pleural pressure variations acquired during the application of positive pressure, since (...)
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  27.  47
    Obtaining consent for organ donation from a competent ICU patient who does not want to live anymore and who is dependent on life-sustaining treatment; ethically feasible?Jelle L. Epker, Yorick J. De Groot & Erwin J. O. Kompanje - 2013 - Clinical Ethics 8 (1):29-33.
    We anticipate a further decline of patients who eventually will become brain dead. The intensive care unit (ICU) is considered a last resort for patients with severe and multiple organ dysfunction. Patients with primary central nervous system failure constitute the largest group of patients in which life-sustaining treatment is withdrawn. Almost all these patients are unconscious at the moment physicians decide to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining measures. Sometimes, however competent ICU patients state that they do not want to live anymore (...)
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  28.  16
    The Least Bad Option: Unilateral Extubation after Declaration of Death by Neurological Criteria.Robert C. Macauley & Sally E. Bliss - 2015 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 26 (3):260-265.
    Typically, the determination of death by neurological criteria follows a very specific protocol. An apnea test is performed with further confirmation as necessary, and then mechanical ventilation is withdrawn with the consent of the family after they have had an opportunity to “say goodbye,” and at such a time to permit organ retrieval (with authorization of the patient or consent of the next of kin). Such a process maximizes transparency and ensures generalizability. In exceptional circumstances, however, it may (...)
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  29.  16
    Nurses’ involvement in end-of-life decisions in neonatal intensive care units.Ilias Chatziioannidis, Abraham Pouliakis, Marina Cuttini, Theodora Boutsikou, Evangelia Giougi, Voula Volaki, Rozeta Sokou, Theodoros Xanthos, Zoi Iliodromiti & Nicoletta Iacovidou - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (3):569-581.
    Background: End-of-life decision-making for terminally ill neonates raises important legal and ethical issues. In Greece, no recent data on nurses’ attitudes and involvement in end-of-life decisions are available. Research question/aim: To investigate neonatal nurses’ attitudes and involvement in end-of-life decisions and the relation to their socio-demographic and work-related background data. Research design: A survey was carried out in 28 neonatal intensive care units between September 2018 and January 2019. A structured questionnaire was distributed by post. Participants and research context: The (...)
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  30.  45
    The Effect of Completing a Surrogacy Information and Decision-Making Tool upon Admission to an Intensive Care Unit on Length of Stay and Charges.Carol W. Hatler, Charlene Grove, Stephanie Strickland, Starr Barron & Bruce D. White - 2012 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 23 (2):129-138.
    Background and PurposeMany critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are unable to communicate their wishes about goals of care, particularly about the use of life-sustaining treatments. Surrogates and clinicians struggle with medical decisions because of a lack of clarity regarding patients’ preferences, leading to prolonged hospitalizations and increased costs. This project focused on the development and implementation of a tool to facilitate a better communication process by (1) assuring the early identification of a surrogate if indicated on admission (...)
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  31.  18
    To the Sickest or to the Healthiest?Nicanor Pier Giorgio Austriaco - 2020 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 20 (3):455-462.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the just allocation of limited medical resources. In this essay, I consider four pressing moral questions raised by the scarcity of mechanical ventilators, using the guiding principle that the primary criterion should be the conviction that each and every human being has equal moral status because each has an intrinsic dignity that makes him or her inestimable and inviolable. I propose that any legitimate criteria for ventilator allocation cannot discriminate among patient populations (...)
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  32.  22
    Accuracy of a Decision Aid for Advance Care Planning: Simulated End-of-Life Decision Making.Benjamin H. Levi, Steven R. Heverley & Michael J. Green - 2011 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 22 (3):223-238.
    PurposeAdvance directives have been criticized for failing to help physicians make decisions consistent with patients’ wishes. This pilot study sought to determine if an interactive, computer-based decision aid that generates an advance directive can help physicians accurately translate patients’ wishes into treatment decisions.MethodsWe recruited 19 patient-participants who had each previously created an advance directive using a computer-based decision aid, and 14 physicians who had no prior knowledge of the patient-participants. For each advance directive, three physicians were randomly assigned to review (...)
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  33.  15
    Physician Family Conflict Following Cardiac Arrest: A Qualitative Study.Rachel Caplan, Sachin Agarwal & Joyeeta G. Dastidar - 2023 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 13 (2):129-137.
    Comatose survivors of cardiac arrest may die following withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) due to poor neurologic prognosis. Family members, acting as surrogate decision makers, are frequently asked to decide whether the patient should continue to receive ongoing life-sustaining therapy such as mechanical ventilation in this context of risk of death following removal. Sometimes, physicians and family members disagree about what is in the patient's best interest, and this conflict causes distress for both families and medical personnel. This (...)
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  34.  30
    Hypodermoclysis and Proctoclysis as Basic Care.Richard P. Becker - 2011 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 11 (4):649-659.
    A wide variety of clinical situations can lead to the implementation of assisted nutrition and hydration (ANH). Both enteral ANH and parenteral assisted nutrition and hydration (PNH) serve to nourish and hydrate those who are incapable of normal eating and drinking. Although PNH via the intravenous (IV) route is comparable to enteral ANH in its intention, IV PNH bypasses the relevant body system—the digestive tract—entirely. Consequently, IV PNH is ethically comparable to mechanical ventilation and thus can be withheld (...)
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  35.  19
    The Gap in Attitudes Toward Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment Between Japanese Physicians and Citizens.Yoshiyuki Takimoto & Tadanori Nabeshima - 2024 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 15 (4):301-311.
    Background According to some medical ethicists and professional guidelines, there is no ethical difference between withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. However, medical professionals do not always agree with this notion. Patients and their families may also not regard these decisions as equivalent. Perspectives on life-sustaining treatment potentially differ between cultures and countries. This study compares Japanese physicians’ and citizens’ attitudes toward hypothetical cases of withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.Methods Ten vignette cases were developed. A web-based questionnaire was administered to 457 (...)
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  36.  40
    Tracheotomy and children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1.Brigitte Rul, Franco Carnevale, Brigitte Estournet, Michèle Rudler & Christian Hervé - 2012 - Nursing Ethics 19 (3):408-418.
    Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 is a genetic neuromuscular disease in children that leads to degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons. This sometimes results in severe muscular paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation to sustain the child’s life. The onset of SMA type 1, the most severe form of the disease, is during the first year of life. These children become severely paralysed, but retain their intellectual capacity. Ethical concerns arise when mechanical ventilation becomes necessary for survival. (...)
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  37.  69
    ICU triage in an impending crisis: uncertainty, pre-emption and preparation.Dominic Wilkinson - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (5):287-288.
    The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic raises a host of challenging ethical questions at every level of society. However, some of the most acute questions relate to decision making in intensive care. The problem is that a small but significant proportion of patients develop severe viral pneumonitis and respiratory failure. It now seems likely that the number of critically ill patients will overwhelm the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) within many health systems, including the National Health Service in the UK. The (...)
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  38. The Incoherence of Determining Death by Neurological Criteria: A Commentary on Controversies in the Determination of Death, A White Paper by the President's Council on Bioethics.Franklin G. Miller & Robert D. Truog - 2009 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (2):185-193.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Incoherence of Determining Death by Neurological Criteria: A Commentary on Controversies in the Determination of Death, A White Paper by the President’s Council on Bioethics*Franklin G. Miller** (bio) and Robert D. Truog (bio)Traditionally the cessation of breathing and heart beat has marked the passage from life to death. Shortly after death was determined, the body became a cold corpse, suitable for burial or cremation. Two technological changes in (...)
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  39.  21
    Brain Death and the Catholic Church.Kevin McGovern - 2008 - Chisholm Health Ethics Bulletin 14 (1):6.
    McGovern, Kevin In recent years, some speakers at Catholic conferences and a few articles on Catholic websites and in Catholic newspapers have claimed that brain death is not really death. Some Catholics may be confused by this - particularly if they are asked to agree to the removal of mechanical ventilation or the procurement of organs from a relative or friend who has been declared brain dead. At the same time, these claims might damage the reputation of the (...)
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  40.  57
    A pilot study of neonatologists' decision-making roles in delivery room resuscitation counseling for periviable births.Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds, Fatima McKenzie, Janet E. Panoch, Douglas B. White & Amber E. Barnato - 2016 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 7 (3):175-182.
    Background: Relatively little is known about neonatologists' roles in helping families navigate the difficult decision to attempt or withhold resuscitation for a neonate delivering at the threshold...
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  41.  36
    Should children's autonomy be respected by telling them of their imminent death?D. Godkin - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (1):24-25.
    Different questions than the one originally posed need to be askedVince and Petros describe the heartrending situation of an adolescent boy who has been diagnosed with terminal respiratory failure and for whom no further beneficial medical treatments are available. All of the members of the healthcare team and the boy’s parents are in agreement that mechanical ventilation should be withdrawn with the expectation that the child will die shortly thereafter. Conflicting views arose, however, as to whether the boy’s (...)
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  42.  89
    Three myths in end-of-life care.Dominic Wilkinson - 2013 - Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (6):389-390.
    Huang and colleagues provide some intriguing insights into the attitudes about end of life care of practising Taiwanese neonatal doctors and nurses.1 There are some similarities with surveys from other parts of the world. Most Taiwanese neonatologists and nurses agreed that it was potentially appropriate to withhold or limit treatment for infants who were dying. A very high proportion was opposed to active euthanasia of such infants. But there were also some striking differences. Only 21% of Taiwanese doctors ‘agreed’ with (...)
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  43. (1 other version)Disruptive Innovation and Moral Uncertainty.Philip J. Nickel - forthcoming - NanoEthics: Studies in New and Emerging Technologies.
    This paper develops a philosophical account of moral disruption. According to Robert Baker (2013), moral disruption is a process in which technological innovations undermine established moral norms without clearly leading to a new set of norms. Here I analyze this process in terms of moral uncertainty, formulating a philosophical account with two variants. On the Harm Account, such uncertainty is always harmful because it blocks our knowledge of our own and others’ moral obligations. On the Qualified Harm Account, there is (...)
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  44.  29
    Opiates and the Removal of Life Support.John F. Roth - 2017 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 17 (3):409-415.
    Medical and nursing personnel have an obligation to provide the medication necessary for every patient’s pain relief. This includes patients whose life-supporting mechanical ventilation is being removed, who may not exhibit traditional signs of pain or dyspnea. The purpose of this paper is not to argue a position on withdrawing life support. Rather, it argues that nurses and physicians have an obligation to provide pain-relieving medication, such as opiates, when life support is removed, to ensure that those entrusted (...)
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  45.  30
    Life-sustaining treatments in end-stage chronic respiratory failure: A single-centre study.Jose Filipe da Purificacao Monteiro - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 13 (1):26-33.
    PurposeThe acute-on-chronic exacerbations of end-stage respiratory diseases often result in prolonged hospital stays, relating these events to ethical conflicts in the fields of medical futility and distributive justice. This study aimed to understand patients’ preferences for life-sustaining treatments when clinically stable and during regular follow-up visits, and to determine the factors that can influence these preferences.ProcedureThis was a prospective, observational, exploratory study using convenience sampling. Over a three-year period, the study enrolled 106 adult outpatients with end-stage pulmonary disease on long-term (...)
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  46. Re A (A Child) and the United Kingdom Code of Practice for the Diagnosis and Confirmation of Death: Should a Secular Construct of Death Override Religious Values in a Pluralistic Society?Mohamed Y. Rady & Kartina A. Choong - 2018 - HEC Forum 30 (1):71-89.
    The determination of death by neurological criteria remains controversial scientifically, culturally, and legally, worldwide. In the United Kingdom, although the determination of death by neurological criteria is not legally codified, the Code of Practice of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges is customarily used for neurological death determination and treatment withdrawal. Unlike some states in the US, however, there are no provisions under the law requiring accommodation of and respect for residents' religious rights and commitments when secular conceptions of death (...)
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  47.  21
    Family Members’ Requests to Extend Physiologic Support after Declaration of Brain Death: A Case Series Analysis and Proposed Guidelines for Clinical Management.Patricia A. Mayer, Martin L. Smith & Anne Lederman Flamm - 2014 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 25 (3):222-237.
    We describe and analyze 13 cases handled by our ethics consultation service (ECS) in which families requested continuation of physiological support for loved ones after death by neurological criteria (DNC) had been declared. These ethics consultations took place between 2005 and 2013. Patients’ ages ranged from 14 to 85. Continued mechanical ventilation was the focal intervention sought by all families. The ECS’s advice and recommendations generally promoted “reasonable accommodation” of the requests, balancing compassion for grieving families with other (...)
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  48.  97
    Can Health Care Rationing Ever Be Rational?David A. Gruenewald - 2012 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 40 (1):17-25.
    Mr. M. was a 77-year-old decisionally incapacitated long-term nursing home resident with chronic schizophrenia who was admitted to the hospital with a bacterial pneumonia. His past medical history was notable for deteriorating functional status over the past 2-3 years, urinary retention requiring chronic indwelling bladder catheterization, and two recent hospitalizations for urinary tract infections leading to sepsis. He developed respiratory failure soon after admission and was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. Follow-up studies suggested worsening pneumonia and acute (...)
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  49.  43
    Genomic Research with the Newly Dead: A Crossroads for Ethics and Policy.Rebecca L. Walker, Eric T. Juengst, Warren Whipple & Arlene M. Davis - 2014 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (2):220-231.
    Research uses of human bodies maintained by mechanical ventilation after being declared dead by neurological criteria, were first published in the early 1980s with a renewed interest in research on the newly or nearly dead occurring in about last decade. While this type of research may take many different forms, recent technologic advances in genomic sequencing along with high hopes for genomic medicine, have inspired interest in genomic research with the newly dead. For example, the Genotype-Tissue Expression program (...)
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  50.  31
    The Public's Right to Accurate and Transparent Information about Brain Death and Organ Transplantation.Michael Nair-Collins - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (S4):43-45.
    The organ transplantation enterprise is morally flawed. “Brain‐dead” donors are the primary source of solid vital organs, and the transplantation enterprise emphasizes that such donors are dead before organs are removed—or in other words that the dead donor rule is followed. However, individuals meeting standard diagnostic criteria for brain death—unresponsiveness, brainstem areflexia, and apnea—are still living, from a physiological perspective. Therefore, removing vital organs from a heart‐beating, mechanically ventilated donor is lethal. But neither donors nor surrogates nor the public in (...)
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