Results for 'disease burden'

956 found
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  1.  38
    Growing burdens? Disease-resistant genetically modified bananas and the potential gendered implications for labor in Uganda.Lincoln Addison & Matthew Schnurr - 2016 - Agriculture and Human Values 33 (4):967-978.
    How will the adoption of genetically modified staple crops reconfigure labor processes in Sub-Saharan Africa? This article focuses on Uganda, where GM varieties of matooke, the country’s primary carbohydrate staple, are expected to be commercialized within the next few years. The paper draws on survey data and focus groups with a random sample of over one hundred and fifty growers to investigate the potential ways a variety engineered to be resistant to banana bacterial wilt might impact labor dynamics. A BBW (...)
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  2. Measuring the Global Burden of Disease: Philosophical Dimensions.Nir Eyal, Samia A. Hurst, Christopher J. L. Murray, S. Andrew Schroeder & Daniel Wikler (eds.) - 2020 - New York, USA: Oup Usa.
    The Global Burden of Disease Study is one of the largest-scale research collaborations in global health, producing critical data for researchers, policy-makers, and health workers about more than 350 diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Such an undertaking is, of course, extremely complex from an empirical perspective. But it also raises complex ethical and philosophical questions. In this volume, a group of leading philosophers, economists, epidemiologists, and policy scholars identify and discuss these philosophical questions. Better appreciating the philosophical dimensions (...)
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  3.  56
    Ethical Dimensions of the Global Burden of Disease.Christopher J. L. Murray & S. Andrew Schroeder - 2020 - In Nir Eyal, Samia A. Hurst, Christopher J. L. Murray, S. Andrew Schroeder & Daniel Wikler, Measuring the Global Burden of Disease: Philosophical Dimensions. New York, USA: Oup Usa. pp. 24-47.
    This chapter suggests that descriptive epidemiological studies like the Global Burden of Disease Study can usefully be divided into four tasks: describing individuals’ health states over time, assessing their health states under a range of counterfactual scenarios, summarizing the information collected, and then packaging it for presentation. The authors show that each of these tasks raises important and challenging ethical questions. They comment on some of the philosophical issues involved in measuring health states, attributing causes to health outcomes, (...)
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  4.  13
    Economic burden of chronic kidney disease.Samina Khan & Chester A. Amedia - 2008 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 14 (3):422-434.
  5.  54
    The disvalue of death in the global burden of disease.Carl Tollef Solberg, Ole Frithjof Norheim & Mathias Barra - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (3):192-198.
    In the Global Burden of Disease study, disease burden is measured as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The paramount assumption of the DALY is that it makes sense to aggregate years lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs). However, this is not smooth sailing. Whereas morbidity (YLD) is something thathappens toan individual, loss of life itself (YLL) occurs when that individual’s life has ended. YLLs quantify something that involves no experience and does not take (...)
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  6.  31
    The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History. J. N. Hays.Anne Hardy - 1999 - Isis 90 (3):580-581.
  7. (1 other version)Should health research funding be proportional to the burden of disease?Joseph Millum - 2022 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 1 (1):1-24.
    Public funders of health research have been widely criticized on the grounds that their allocations of funding for disease-specific research do not reflect the relative burdens imposed by different diseases. For example, the US National Institutes of Health spends a much greater fraction of its budget on HIV/AIDS research and a much smaller fraction on migraine research than their relative contribution to the US burden of disease would suggest. Implicit in this criticism is a normative claim: Insofar (...)
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  8.  43
    Out of Alignment? Limitations of the Global Burden of Disease in Assessing the Allocation of Global Health Aid.Kristin Voigt & Nicholas B. King - 2017 - Public Health Ethics 10 (3):244-256.
    The Global Burden of Disease project quantifies the impact of different health conditions by combining information about morbidity and premature mortality within a single metric, the Disability Adjusted Life Year. One important goal for the GBD project has been to inform decisions about global health priorities. A number of recent studies have used GBD data to argue that global health funding fails to align with the GBD. We argue that these studies’ shared assumption that global health resources should (...)
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  9.  24
    Lowering The Burden of Hereditary Diseases in a Traditional, Inbred Community: Ethical Aspects of Genetic Research and Its Application.Rivka Carmi, Khalil Elbedour, Dahlia Wietzman, Val Sheffield & Ilana Shoham-Vardi - 1998 - Science in Context 11 (3-4):391-395.
    The ArgumentThe remarkable progress in modern genetic technology enables the identification of genes causing devastating diseases and thereby the development of tools for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection. To implement the results of genetic research in traditional societies, where genetic diseases are more prevalent due to inbreeding, necessitates a culturally appropriate approach that also promotes traditional and societal values important to the relevant community. This paper presents our experience with implementing the results of modern genetic research among the traditional community (...)
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  10.  25
    Pathology and pain, disease and disability: The burdens of the body in the Book of Job peering through a psychoanalytic prism.Pieter van der Zwan - 2022 - HTS Theological Studies 78 (1):8.
    Not only trauma, mourning and disease, but also disability has been recognised in the Book of Job in which the body plays an exceptional role. The protagonist is suffering physically, psychically and spiritually. Although the word, חלה [be sick, ill], never occurs in the book, his body is portrayed negatively being afflicted by some unknown illness, which would probably exclude him from the community described in Leviticus 13–14. While חָרֵשׁ [be silent] occurs several times in the book, it never (...)
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  11. Cognitive Disability, Paternalism, and the Global Burden of Disease.Daniel Wikler - 2010 - In Eva Feder Kittay & Licia Carlson, Cognitive Disability and its Challenge to Moral Philosophy. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 183--199.
     
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  12.  56
    Deliver us from evil: carer burden in Alzheimer's disease.Martina Zimmermann - 2010 - Medical Humanities 36 (2):101-107.
    Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in today's developed world that is also increasingly picked out as a focal theme in fictional literature. In dealing with the subjectivity of human experience, such literature enhances the reader's empathy and is able to teach about moral, emotional and philosophical issues, offering the chance to see situations from a position otherwise possibly never taken by the reader. The understanding and insight so gained may well be unscientific, but the literary approach (...)
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  13.  76
    Pharmaceutical innovation and the burden of disease in developing and developed countries.Frank R. Lichtenberg - 2005 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 30 (6):663 – 690.
  14. The burden of normality: from 'chronically ill' to 'symptom free'. New ethical challenges for deep brain stimulation postoperative treatment.Frederic Gilbert - 2012 - Journal of Medical Ethics 38 (7):408-412.
    Although an invasive medical intervention, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been regarded as an efficient and safe treatment of Parkinson’s disease for the last 20 years. In terms of clinical ethics, it is worth asking whether the use of DBS may have unanticipated negative effects similar to those associated with other types of psychosurgery. Clinical studies of epileptic patients who have undergone an anterior temporal lobectomy have identified a range of side effects and complications in a number of domains: (...)
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  15.  12
    Cognitive Disability, Paternalism, and the Global Burden of Disease.Daniel Wikler - 2010 - In Eva Feder Kittay & Licia Carlson, Cognitive Disability and its Challenge to Moral Philosophy. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 183–199.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Case for Restricting the Civil Liberties of the Cognitively Disabled Two Conceptions of Competence Further Topics Editor's Note.
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  16.  52
    A burden from birth? Non‐invasive prenatal testing and the stigmatization of people with disabilities.Giovanni Rubeis & Florian Steger - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (1):91-97.
    The notion of being a burden to others is mostly discussed in the context of care‐intensive diseases or end‐of‐life decisions. But the notion is also crucial in decision‐making at the beginning of life, namely regarding prenatal testing. Ever more sophisticated testing methods, especially non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), allow the detection of genetic traits in the unborn child that may cause disabilities. A positive result often influences the decision of the pregnant women towards a termination of the pregnancy. Thus, critics (...)
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  17.  36
    Casting the net too wide on overdiagnosis: benefits, burdens and non-harmful disease.Wendy A. Rogers & Yishai Mintzker - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (11):717-719.
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  18.  35
    Why have Non-communicable Diseases been Left Behind?Florencia Luna & Valerie A. Luyckx - 2020 - Asian Bioethics Review 12 (1):5-25.
    Non-communicable diseases are no longer largely limited to high-income countries and the elderly. The burden of non-communicable diseases is rising across all country income categories, in part because these diseases have been relatively overlooked on the global health agenda. Historically, communicable diseases have been prioritized in many countries as they were perceived to constitute the greatest disease burden, especially among vulnerable and poor populations, and strategies for prevention and treatment, which had been successful in high-income settings, were (...)
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  19.  62
    Infectious Diseases, Security and Ethics: The Case of Hiv/Aids.Michaelj Selgelid - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (9):457-465.
    Securitization of infectious diseases may involve suspension of ordinary human rights and liberties. In the event of an epidemic, therefore, it is important to limit the occasions upon which draconian disease control measures are implemented in the name of security. The term ‘security’, moreover, should not be used too loosely if it is to retain force and meaning in political discourse. It may be argued that the bar for disease securitization should be set high so that it is (...)
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  20.  18
    Medical Fact and Ulcer Disease: A Study in Scientific Controversy Resolution.Mark Cherry - 2002 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 24 (2):249 - 273.
    This study seeks to advance the understanding of controversy resolution in science. I take as a case study conceptualization and treatment of ulcer disease. Analysis of causal accounts and effective treatments illustrate the ways in which competing parallel research programs in medicine embody opposing social, political, and economic forces which are bound to the epistemological dimensions of scientific controversy (e.g., standards of evidence, reference, and inference), and which in turn shift perception of the burden of proof. The analysis (...)
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  21.  25
    Alzheimer Disease: Perspectives from Epidemiology and Genetics.Jonathan L. Haines - 2018 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 46 (3):694-698.
    Alzheimer disease is a huge and growing societal problem with upwards of 35% of the population over the age of 80 developing the disease. AD results in a loss of memory, the ability to make reasoned and sound decisions, and ultimately the inability to take care of oneself. AD has an impact not only on the sufferer, but their caretakers and loved ones, who must take on a costly and time-consuming burden of care. AD is found in (...)
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  22.  46
    Tropicality and abjection: What do we really mean by “Neglected Tropical Diseases”?Arianne Shahvisi - 2019 - Developing World Bioethics 19 (4):224-234.
    Neglected tropical diseases are defined operationally as diseases that prevail in “tropical” regions and are under‐researched, under‐funded, and under‐treated compared with their disease burden. By analysing the adjectives “tropical” and “neglected,” I expose and interrogate the discourses within which the term “neglected tropical disease” derives its meaning. First, I argue that the term “tropical” conjures the notion of “tropicality,” a form of Othering which erroneously explains the disease‐prevalence of “tropical” regions by reference to environmental determinism, rather (...)
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  23.  27
    The Burden of the Pain: Adverse Mental Health Outcomes of COVID-19 in Women With and Without Cancer.Lucilla Lanzoni, Eleonora Brivio, Serena Oliveri, Paolo Guiddi, Mariam Chichua, Ketti Mazzocco & Gabriella Pravettoni - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had a negative psychological impact on the population at scale, yet it is possible that vulnerable patient populations may experience a heavier burden with increased feelings of anxiety and distress. Cancer patients have to trade-off between the fear of exposing themselves to the virus and the need to continue life-saving medical procedures. The present study investigated the prevalence of generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in a population of Italian cancer patients and healthy (...)
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  24.  38
    Understanding Rare Disease Experiences Through the Concept of Morally Problematic Situations.Ariane Quintal, Élissa Hotte, Caroline Hébert, Isabelle Carreau, Annie-Danielle Grenier, Yves Berthiaume & Eric Racine - 2024 - HEC Forum 36 (3):441-478.
    Rare diseases, defined as having a prevalence inferior to 1/2000, are poorly understood scientifically and medically. Appropriate diagnoses and treatments are scarce, adding to the burden of living with chronic medical conditions. The moral significance of rare disease experiences is often overlooked in qualitative studies conducted with adults living with rare diseases. The concept of morally problematic situations arising from pragmatist ethics shows promise in understanding these experiences. The objectives of this study were to (1) acquire an in-depth (...)
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  25.  81
    The burden of dementia: A medical and research perspective.Piero Antuono & Jan Beyer - 1999 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 20 (1):3-13.
    Alzheimer's disease remains the most common form of dementia. Dementia symptoms vary depending on individual personality, life experience, and social and cultural influences. As dementia progresses, involvement of multi-disciplinary health care professionals is needed to manage the disease. Alzheimer research is progressing rapidly. While 5% of all Alzheimer's disease may be genetically determined, the majority is not. Susceptibility genes can reveal the risk of contracting Alzheimer's disease. Early life risk factors such as education, nutrition, and vascular (...)
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  26.  22
    Caregiver burden and the medical ethos.Karsten Witt, Johanne Stümpel & Christiane Woopen - 2017 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20 (3):383-391.
    Are physicians sometimes morally required to ease caregiver burden? In our paper we defend an affirmative answer to this question. First, we examine the well-established principle that medical care should be centered on the patient. We argue that although this principle seems to give physicians some leeway to lessen caregivers' suffering, it is very restrictive when spelled out precisely. Based on a critical analysis of existing cases for transcending patient-centeredness we then go on to argue that the medical ethos (...)
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  27.  47
    Agri-food system transformations and diet-related chronic disease in Australia: a nutrition-oriented value chain approach.Libby Hattersley - 2013 - Agriculture and Human Values 30 (2):299-309.
    Attention has become increasingly focused in recent years on the role agri-food system transformations have played in driving the global diet-related chronic disease burden. Identifying the role played by the food-consuming industries (predominantly large manufacturers, processors, distributors, and retailers) in particular, and identifying possibilities to facilitate healthier diets through intervening in these industries, have been identified as a research priority. This paper explores the potential for one promising analytic framework—the nutrition-oriented value chain approach—to contribute to this area, drawing (...)
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  28.  16
    Psychological Burden and Psycho-Oncological Interventions for Patients With Hepatobiliary Cancers–A Systematic Review.Johanna Graf & Andreas Stengel - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    BackgroundWorldwide, hepatobiliary cancers are frequent diseases and often accompanied by a poor prognosis. These cancers, with hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma being the most frequent, are often associated with a considerable amount of psychological burden such as anxiety, depressiveness, and reduced health-related quality of life which may lead to psychiatric comorbidities. This systematic review gives an overview on psychological burden and on the effectiveness of psycho-oncological interventions for patients with HCC and CHC.MethodsThe databases PubMed, PubPsych, and PsycINFO were used (...)
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  29.  58
    Interventionism and Intelligibility: Why Depression is not (Always) a Brain Disease.Quinn Hiroshi Gibson - 2024 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 49 (2):160-177.
    Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious condition with a large disease burden. It is often claimed that MDD is a “brain disease.” What would it mean for MDD to be a brain disease? I argue that the best interpretation of this claim is as offering a substantive empirical hypothesis about the causes of the syndrome of depression. This syndrome-causal conception of disease, combined with the idea that MDD is a disease of the brain, (...)
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  30.  50
    Understanding Mental Burden and Factors Associated With Study Worries Among Undergraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Jennifer Guse, Ines Heinen, Sonja Mohr & Corinna Bergelt - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is affecting many areas of life and has led to major changes in undergraduate medical education. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, high mental burden of medical students has frequently been reported in the literature. Additional pandemic-specific stressors could exacerbate this situation. This study aimed to assess mental health outcomes among medical students during the first semester after the COVID-19 outbreak and perception of the students on how the learning environment has changed. In May (...)
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  31.  31
    The chronic disease data bank: First principles to future directions.James F. Fries - 1984 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 9 (2):161-180.
    Chronic diseases represent the major illness burden of developed nations. A chronic disease databank system consists of parallel longitudinal data sets from diverse locations describing the courses of thousands of patients with chronic illness over many years. Illustrated by ARAMIS (The American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System), such data resources facilitate analysis of long term health outcomes and the factors associated with particular outcomes. A model for clinical investigation of contemporary disease is presented, based on the overwhelming (...)
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  32.  42
    Ethics of early detection of disease risk factors: A scoping review.Sammie N. G. Jansen, Bart A. Kamphorst, Bob C. Mulder, Irene van Kamp, Sandra Boekhold, Peter van den Hazel & Marcel F. Verweij - 2024 - BMC Medical Ethics 25 (1):1-16.
    Background Scientific and technological advancements in mapping and understanding the interrelated pathways through which biological and environmental exposures affect disease development create new possibilities for detecting disease risk factors. Early detection of such risk factors may help prevent disease onset or moderate the disease course, thereby decreasing associated disease burden, morbidity, and mortality. However, the ethical implications of screening for disease risk factors are unclear and the current literature provides a fragmented and case-by-case (...)
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  33. Biopolitics at the Nexus of Chronic and Infectious Diseases.N. D. Brantly - forthcoming - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry:1-17.
    Non-communicable (chronic) and communicable (infectious) diseases constitute the leading causes of death worldwide. They appear to impact populations in developed and developing nations differently with changing trends in the landscape of human conditions. Greater understanding of changing disease burdens should influence the planning of health programmes, the implementation of related interventions, and policymaking efforts on a national and global scale. However, the knowledge of disease burdens does not reflect how states and global health organizations prioritize their efforts in (...)
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  34.  20
    Caregiver Burden and the Impact of Diagnostic Disclosure of Dementia: Why Primary Care Physicians Have a Moral Responsibility to Disclose.Noelle Ohanesian - 2023 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 34 (2):128-137.
    Currently, the number of individuals affected by Alzheimer’s disease is rapidly increasing, expected to reach 14 million in the United States within 30 years. In spite of this impending crisis, less than 50 percent of primary care physicians disclose the diagnosis of dementia to their patients. This failure negatively impacts not only patients but also caregivers, whom dementia patients require to help them meet their needs and who often serve as important decision makers, either as surrogates or as designated (...)
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  35.  15
    An efficient recurrent neural network with ensemble classifier-based weighted model for disease prediction.Ramesh Kumar Krishnamoorthy & Tamilselvi Kesavan - 2022 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 31 (1):979-991.
    Day-to-day lives are affected globally by the epidemic coronavirus 2019. With an increasing number of positive cases, India has now become a highly affected country. Chronic diseases affect individuals with no time identification and impose a huge disease burden on society. In this article, an Efficient Recurrent Neural Network with Ensemble Classifier is built using VGG-16 and Alexnet with weighted model to predict disease and its level. The dataset is partitioned randomly into small subsets by utilizing mean-based (...)
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  36.  26
    The Burden of Obesity: Personal Stories, Professional Insights.Robert F. Kushner - 2014 - Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 4 (2):129-133.
    The word obesity invokes multiple connotations that contain a realm of disparate descriptions ranging from disease to disdain. There are also few other human conditions that cause increased morbidity and mortality and affect millions of individuals worldwide yet is still viewed by many as a character fault or moral failure. Herein we have the opportunity to read the personal reflections of individuals with obesity who have struggled with their weight over a lifetime. Through a series of 12 narratives, the (...)
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  37.  30
    Accounting for future populations in health research.Leah Pierson - 2024 - Bioethics 38 (5):401-409.
    The research we fund today will improve the health of people who will live tomorrow. But future people will not all benefit equally: decisions we make about what research to prioritize will predictably affect when and how much different people benefit from research. Organizations that fund health research should thus fairly account for the health needs of future populations when setting priorities. To this end, some research funders aim to allocate research resources in accordance with disease burden, prioritizing (...)
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  38.  59
    Improving the Incentives of the FDA Voucher Program for Neglected Tropical Diseases.G. A. Arnold & Thomas W. Pogge - unknown
    "The largest Ebola outbreak to date—first detected in December 2013 and still ongoing as of April 2015—has cast new light on the shortfalls of international public health systems.1 As in previous health crises, scrutiny has reemerged over the pharmaceutical industry’s ability and willingness to innovate new medicines for underserved disease areas. The public debate has intensified following revelations that promising drug candidates to treat Ebola had gone undeveloped despite compelling preclinical results.2 This lack of development is especially troubling because (...)
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  39.  21
    Tubulin deacetylase NDST3 modulates lysosomal acidification: Implications in neurological diseases.Qing Tang, Xiangning Li & Jiou Wang - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (11):2200110.
    Neurological diseases (NDs), featured by progressive dysfunctions of the nervous system, have become a growing burden for the aging populations. N‐Deacetylase and N‐sulfotransferase 3 (NDST3) is known to catalyze deacetylation and N‐sulfation on disaccharide substrates. Recently, NDST3 is identified as a novel deacetylase for tubulin, and its newly recognized role in modulating microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification provides fresh insights into ND therapeutic approaches using NDST3 as a target. Microtubule acetylation and lysosomal acidification have been reported to be critical (...)
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  40.  62
    Will the plant-based movement redefine physicians’ understanding of chronic disease?Maximilian Andreas Storz - 2020 - The New Bioethics 26 (2):141-157.
    The world is experiencing a cataclysmically increasing burden from chronic illnesses. Chronic diseases are on the advance worldwide and treatment strategies to counter this development are dominated by symptom control and polypharmacy. Thus, chronic conditions are often considered irreversible, implying a slow progression of disease that can only be hampered but not stopped. The current plant-based movement is attempting to alter this way of thinking. Applying a nutrition-first approach, the ultimate goal is either disease remission or reversal. (...)
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  41. Representing Mental Functioning: Ontologies for Mental Health and Disease.Janna Hastings, Werner Ceusters, Mark Jensen, Kevin Mulligan & Barry Smith - 2012 - In Janna Hastings, Werner Ceusters, Mark Jensen, Kevin Mulligan & Barry Smith, Towards an Ontology of Mental Functioning (ICBO Workshop). CEUR.
    Mental and behavioral disorders represent a significant portion of the public health burden in all countries. The human cost of these disorders is immense, yet treatment options for sufferers are currently limited, with many patients failing to respond sufficiently to available interventions and drugs. High quality ontologies facilitate data aggregation and comparison across different disciplines, and may therefore speed up the translation of primary research into novel therapeutics. Realism-based ontologies describe entities in reality and the relationships between them in (...)
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  42.  47
    Should rare diseases get special treatment?Monica Magalhaes - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (2):86-92.
    Orphan drug policy often gives ‘special treatment’ to rare diseases, by giving additional priority or making exceptions to specific drugs, based on the rarity of the conditions they aim to treat. This essay argues that the goal of orphan drug policy should be to make prevalence irrelevant to funding decisions. It aims to demonstrate that it is severity, not prevalence, which drives our judgments that important claims are being overlooked when treatments for severe rare diseases are not funded. It shows (...)
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  43.  32
    Funding the Costs of Disease Outbreaks Caused by Non‐Vaccination.Charlotte A. Moser, Dorit Reiss & Robert L. Schwartz - 2015 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 43 (3):633-647.
    While vaccination rates in the United States are high — generally over 90 percent — rates of exemptions have been going up, and preventable diseases coming back. Aside from their human cost and the financial cost of treatment imposed on those who become ill, outbreaks impose financial costs on an already burdened public health system, diverting resources from other areas. This article examines the financial costs of non-vaccination, showing how high they can be and what they include. It makes a (...)
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  44.  29
    The buried gems of disease tolerance in animals: Evolutionary and interspecies comparative approaches.Mohamed B. F. Hawash, Mohamed A. El-Deeb, Rahma Gaber & Kareem S. Morsy - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (10):2200080.
    Host defense mechanisms are categorized into different strategies, namely, avoidance, resistance and tolerance. Resistance encompasses mechanisms that directly kill the pathogen while tolerance is mainly concerned with alleviating the harsh consequences of the infection regardless of the pathogen burden. Resistance is well‐known strategy in immunology while tolerance is relatively new. Studies addressed tolerance mainly using mouse models revealing a wide range of interesting tolerance mechanisms. Herein, we aim to emphasize on the interspecies comparative approaches to explore potential new mechanisms (...)
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  45.  77
    A Comparison of Caregiver Burden for Different Types of Dementia: An 18-Month Retrospective Cohort Study.Wen-Chien Huang, Ming-Che Chang, Wen-Fu Wang & Kai-Ming Jhang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    BackgroundThis study aimed to elucidate the influence of dementia etiologies on the degree of caregiver burden and determine which factors predict a high caregiving burden.MethodsThis 18-month retrospective cohort study enrolled 630 patients and their caregivers from the Dementia Center of Changhua Christian Hospital. The care team performed face-to-face interviews every 6 months, for 18 months from when a diagnosis of dementia was made. The primary outcome was the change in Zarit Burden Interview scores. Generalized estimating equations were (...)
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  46.  31
    Historical Epidemiology and the Single Pathogen Model of Epidemic Disease.James L. A. Webb - 2022 - Centaurus 64 (1):197-206.
    Pre-existing medical conditions and co-infections are common to all human populations, although the natures of the pre-existing conditions and the types of co-infections vary. For these reasons, among others, the arrival of a highly infectious pathogenic agent may differentially affect the disease burden in different sub-populations, as a function of varying combinations of endemic disease, chronic disease, genetic or epigenetic vulnerabilities, compromised immunological status, and socially determined risk exposure. The disease burden may also vary (...)
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  47.  62
    Criminalizing Health-Related Behaviors Dangerous to Others? Disease Transmission, Transmission-Facilitation, and the Importance of Trust.Leslie Pickering Francis & John G. Francis - 2012 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 6 (1):47-63.
    Statutes criminalizing behavior that risks transmission of HIV/AIDS exemplify use of the criminal law against individuals who are victims of infectious disease. These statutes, despite their frequency, are misguided in terms of the goals of the criminal law and the public health aim of reducing overall burdens of disease, for at least three important reasons. First, they identify individual offenders for punishment, a paradigm that is misplaced in the most typical contexts of transmission of infectious disease and (...)
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  48.  28
    How palliative care patients’ feelings of being a burden to others can motivate a wish to die. Moral challenges in clinics and families.Heike Gudat, Kathrin Ohnsorge, Nina Streeck & Christoph Rehmann‐Sutter - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (4):421-430.
    The article explores the underlying reasons for patients’ self‐perception of being a burden (SPB) in family settings, including its impact on relationships when wishes to die (WTD) are expressed. In a prospective, interview‐based study of WTD in patients with advanced cancer and non‐cancer disease (organ failure, degenerative neurological disease, and frailty) SPB was an important emerging theme. In a sub‐analysis we examined (a) the facets of SPB, (b) correlations between SPB and WTD, and (c) SPB as a (...)
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  49.  51
    A Study on Service Availability and Readiness Assessment of Non-Communicable Disease Using the WHO Tool for Gazipur District in Bangladesh.Mohammad Rashedul Islam, Shamima Parvin Laskar & Darryl Macer - 2016 - Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 7 (2):1-13.
    Non-communicable diseases disproportionately affect low and middle-income countries where nearly three quarters of NCD deaths occur. Bangladesh is also in NCD burden. This cross-sectional study was done on 50 health facilities centres at Gazipur district in Bangladesh from July 2015 to December 2015 to introduce SARA for better monitoring and evaluation of non-communicable diseases health service delivery. The General Service readiness index score was 61.52% refers to the fact that about 62% of all the facilities were ready to provide (...)
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    Visitor restrictions in hospitals during infectious disease outbreaks: An ethical approach to policy development and requests for exemptions.Rosalind McDougall, Chanelle Warton, Christopher Chew, Clare Delany, Danielle Ko & John Massie - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (7):715-724.
    In this paper, we explore the ethics of restricting visitation to hospitals during an infectious disease outbreak. We aim to answer three questions: What are the features of an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy? Should policies include scope for case‐by‐case exemptions? How should decisions about exemptions be made? Based on a critical interpretive review of the existing ethical literature on visitor restrictions, we argue that an ethically justified hospital visitor restriction policy has the following features: proportionality, comprehensiveness, harm (...)
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