Words of gratitude and deep respect for Mariia Dmytrivna Kultaieva from her colleague and student Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Abashnik.

Po tu storonu zerkala -- Lekarstvo ot voĭny (Pʹesa) -- Zapisnye knizhki nekroveda.

The phenomenon of Eastern Christian rite has become an object of religious studies in recent years. This phenomenon is of interest to the scientific community because it is the result of the development of theological concepts, which, being theoretically expressed in collections of Christian dogmas and canons, have found their practical reflection in cultic church and extracurricular activities. Some historical events have been found in it. Investigating the rite, we can trace the peculiarities of the development of society, the reflection (...) of a certain era. (shrink)

У статті розглядається адміністративно-територіальний поділ Галичини та Буковини російською окупаційною владою в період Першої світової війни. Простежується декілька періодів російської окупації території краю в 1914-1918 рр. та політика царського уряду щодо цих земель. Висвітлюється спрямування політики російської окупації та підкреслюється факт створення Обласного комісаріату Галичини й Буковини.

У статті розглядається значення інтелекту, освіти і культури в структурі українського державотворення. Звертається увага на освіту в сучасному інформаційному суспільстві та її проблеми в освітніх системах. Завдяки стрімкому розвитку інформаційного суспільства підвищуються вимоги до системи освіти, де головним завданням є пошук талантів серед підростаючого покоління. Проаналізовано кризові явища освітньої системи, проводиться паралель між поняттями «кваліфікований фахівець» і «компетентний фахівець», порушуються питання про інноваційну систему навчання та виховання. Розглядається програма розвитку політичної культури молоді.

The article deals with the socio-political processes in Greek villages of Northern Azov region that happened in UNR at the period ofCentral Rada. The author identifies the problem of political struggle which took place among Greek-peasants at the boundary of 1917-1918. The questions of national cultural revival, the problems of agrarian relations in Greek villages community are highlighted.

In the article, a little-studied question of the critical interpretation of the philosophical and psychological position of the representative of Scotland tradition James Mill in the university philosophy, especially in the work of Kharkiv Professor Fedor Zelenogorskii is presented. At first, the main periods of scientific and creative career of Fedor Zelenogorskii, including his studying at the Kazan Clerical Academy and the historical-philosophical faculty at the Kazan University are considered. Then his scientific internship from 1871 till 1873 in Germany and (...) Switzerland is emphasized. During that period, he attended lectures of such famous Professors as Moritz Drobisch, Eduard Zeller, Friedrich Albert Lange, who was the author of the work “Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart”. Then the features of the teaching and the publications of Fedor Zelenogroskii in his “Kharkiv period” are pointed out, during which he was, at first, private docent, then extraordinary and ordinary professor of philosophy. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s works at this time comprise three areas: 1) Antique philosophy, 2) works in the history of philosophy, for instance, Kharkiv university philosophy and Ukrainian philosophy, 3) logic, psychology and pedagogic. In the last group, his doctoral monograph “On mathematical, metaphysical, inductive and critical research and proof methods” was of great importance. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s very important work was his monograph “Essay of Development of Psychology from Descartes to our Time”. The positions of well-known philosophers and less-known thinkers were here analyzed. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s critical interpretation of the psychological viewpoint of James Mill in his two volumes work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind” occupies an important place in this analysis. According to him, Chapter III. “The Association of Ideas” of James Mill's work played a key role. James Mill appears here as a representative of associative psychology. The Kharkiv philosopher gave credit to James Mill for his contribution to the development of the causal law in Chapter “XXIV. The Will” of this work. In turn, Fedor Zelenogorskii’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of the Scotland philosopher and psychologist James Mill, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from the work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind”. (shrink)

In the article, a little-studied question of the critical interpretation of the theological position of the representative of German protestant tradition Otto Pfleiderer (1839–1908) in the eastern orthodox theology, especially in the work of Kharkiv Professor Timofej Butkevič (1854–1925), is presented. At first, the main periods of a clerical and creative career of Butkevič, including his studying at the Kharkiv Clerical Seminary (1869–1875) and the Moscow Clerical Academy (1875–1879), are considered. Then the features of the theological publications and the teaching (...) of Butkevič at Kharkiv University are pointed out. His important works were two monographs: The evil, its essence and origin (1897) and Religion, its essence and origin (1902–1904) in two books. The positions of well-known German theologians such as Karl August von Hase (1800–1890), David Friedrich Strauß (1808–1874), Karl Theodor Keim (1825–1878), Karl Philipp Bernhard Weiss (1827–1918), and others were here analyzed. But Butkevič’s critical interpretation of the theological viewpoint of Otto Pfleiderer in his two volumes work Die Religion, ihr Wesen und ihre Geschichte (1869) and in his Geschichte der Religionsphilosophie von Spinoza bis auf die Gegenwart (1883) occupies a central place in this analysis. In turn, Butkevič’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of Otto Pfleiderer in Russia and Ukraine, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from Pfleiderer’s works. (shrink)

Поточні трансформації на глобальному рівні порушують питання, пов’язані з ключовими категоріями модерного політичного життя. Це стосується, зокрема, поняття «національний інтерес», що виникає разом з модерною національною державою і відображає характерні особливості її функціонування. Проте глобалізаційні зміни істотно підважують суверенітет національних держав, формуючи новий режим влади (метавлади – за У. Беком), дії якої вже не потребують публічного схвалення з боку громадян. Водночас глобалізація спричиняє появу світового суспільства, уможливлюючи розуміння та інтерпретації подій і процесів з позицій методологічного космополітизму. Ця нова перспектива бачення (...) має враховуватися у визначенні національних інтересів, доповнюючи націоцентричне тлумачення останніх. (shrink)

In the article, from the positions of the director (2006-2012), part-time chief researcher and member of the academic council (since 2006), national higher education reform expert (since 2009), the features of the 25-year history of Institute of Higher Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, which founded in the context of global, regional and national development of higher education, its quantitative growth and qualitative enrichment, efficiency of activity are considered. The stages and aspects of the modernization of (...) the institutional mission (goal) and the corresponding status and structural reformatting of the institution as a national leader in systematic research in the university sphere are highlighted. The most important fundamental achievements obtained with the author’s participation and relevant for the science of universities (university studies), that born in the institute, as well as for creation of leadership universities as locomotives of progress, are noted. With regard to European integration, the scientific support for the development of the European Higher Education Area according to the Bologna process, Ukraine’s participation in them, in particular in two key dimensions: 1) compatibility and comparability and 2) competitiveness and attractiveness, and the spread of international cooperation and communication of the institute’s scientists, are characterized. Regarding national self-identification and self-sufficiency, ensuring state sovereignty, the contribution of scientists of the institution to the justification of the principles of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian universities and the development of a strategy for creating world-class universities is shown. It was concluded that the research activity of the staff of the scientific institution is important for the approaching victory in the war started by the russian federation, increasing the defence capability and security, post-war innovative recovery and European integration of Ukraine. (shrink)

Stanislaw Orichovsky's coat of arms Oksha is an outstanding Ukrainian-Polish speaker, historian, journalist, philosopher and lawyer of the pan-European level. He is considered to be the leading representative of Renaissance humanism in Ukraine.

The author studies the I. Franko's views upon the national ideal of the Ukrainian state development and the role of intelligentsia in national idea realization.

The article refers to the Bolshevik genocide against prosperous Ukrainian peasantry, which the communist authorities, referring to the category of exploiters deported in the undeveloped eastern and northern regions of the USSR, to reduce resistance to forced collectivization of farmers. In particular archival documents highlighted the course of deportation, painful adaptation to survival in the new environment, heavy losses and attempts to return to their homes of survivors. In particular, on the basis of published and newly discovered archival documents the (...) author argues that the common earlier in historiography reports of deportation from Ukraine about a million rich peasants during collectivization is inflated at least four times and untrue. The actual data is still not installed because some of the families of the deportees remained in place, some had returned from exile under the decision of local councils of the USSR, some fled, and then legalized in the city, often under changed names. (shrink)

The history of "displaced persons" is one of the major historical context of the postwar period. On the European continent, it lasts throughout the second half of the 1940s in the territory occupied by Germany, Austria and Italy. From our point of view, the study of the problem has a very strong historiographical focus, which is associated with a number of national studies. Therefore, this article is dedicated to one of the main problems, which are common to all national historiography: (...) the problem of publishing the "displaced persons". The study is based on analysis of visual journalism as a historical source on the history of ordinary life DPs. The main source is regarded magazine "DiPiniada", which V. Ellis and V. Odinokov, published in a DPs camp Pasing-Munich. On the pages of the satirical magazine in 1946-1947 addressed many current topics of ordinary life of displaced persons. In general, "DiPiniada" is an important visual historical source. On the basis of press of displaced persons, ex-DiPi memories, the author makes two main conclusions. Firstly, "Dipiniada" magazine tells the story of ordinary life in the camps DiPi both artistic "language", and contextual "language". Secondly, the satirical nature of the publication is the reason for its historical authenticity, because humor is possible only in conditions of a familiar image. It is noted that the investigation has prospects both in methodological and in the objective aspects. (shrink)

Стаття аналізує стратегії поширення і збереження доктрини «Русского мира», зосереджуючись на осмисленні патернів локальної політичної свідомості українського суспільства, базових цінностей і світоглядних орієнтацій, що впливають на політично-значущу поведінку індивідів та спільнот в Україні. Автор спирається на філософську методологію, поєднуючи методи аналітичної філософії, феноменології та герменевтики, а також напрацювання досліджень націєтворення і постколоніальних суспільств. Це дозволяє виокремити деякі базові патерни, не претендуючи на виключність чи остаточність висновку. До цих патернів автор відносить атомістичний індивідуалістичний патерналізм, який він ще називається оберненим патерналізмом, пануючі (...) цінності безпеки, виживання, матеріалістично-гедоністичні орієнтації. Це накладається на публічне протистояння двох сакральних космосів або громадянських релігій, проте окрім цих двох сторін протистояння ще виділяється третя найбільш масова ціннісна група. Автор пропонує практичні рекомендації для органів влади та публічного дискурсу. (shrink)

У статті аналізуються можливості застосування поняття «ексцепціоналізм» в рамках досліджень історії української політичної думки. Окреслюється загальне поняття «ексцепціоналізм», здійснено короткий екскурс в історію цього поняття в контекстах дослідження історії американської політичної думки і культури, громадянської релігії, а також в більш глобалізованому контексті. Зокрема, розглянуто застосування цього терміну в рамках русистики і визначення російської політики як «гібридного ексцепціоналізму», а також роль Сталіна в формуванні американського ексцепціоналістичного дискурсу. На підставі огляду сучасної західної наукової літератури з цієї тематики окреслено загальне поняття «ексцепціоналізм» та (...) визначено його індикатори. Зроблено попередню спробу застосувати ці індикатори до української інтелектуальної історії в ХІХ столітті та виокремлено два явища, де спостерігаються ексцепціоналістичні маркери: польське українофільство та доробок Кирило-Мефодіївського братства. Зазначено, що історія українського ексцепціоналізму в ХХ – ХХІ ст. є досить обширною, втім дослідження перших етапів формування української модерності є дуже важливими, як з наукового, так і з політичного огляду. (shrink)

In the author's article Volodymyr Hurzhy "The current state of the project "Russkyi mir" and the consequences of its implementation in Ukraine" interprets the project "Russian measure" as a new form of the Russian national idea, which always had a relational-mythological core and was associated with ideas about choices Russian people. From the ideological point of view, the doctrine of the "Russkyi mir" is an option of a religiously motivated ideology appealing to the Orthodox values, specifically meaningful Russian history, (...) the Russian language as a marker of the territories to which the project is directed. These parameters make it possible to identify the "Russkyi mir" doctrine as one of the options for post-secular global religious-political projects. The vast majority of Soviet rituals and practices were "absorbed" by the "Russkyi mir" and continue to be preserved and function in modern Russia in the 21st century in a re-imagined form. But now, with the loss of sacrality of the first of the key Soviet holidays - the Day of the October Revolution - the function of "the beginning of a new world" took over the holiday of the Victory Day. This function is enshrined in the collective memory of the people through the annual military parades, the historical reconstruction of the key battles of the Second World War, the spread and consolidation in the public consciousness of the thought of determining the role of the Russian people in gaining victory over Hitler's Germany as an absolute evil. Constantly reproducing an existentially marginal situation, the state affects the key need of its citizens in the sense of global security. These representations in total show new technologies for the deployment of conflict situations, based on global competition in the plane of values. (shrink)

The author describes the Cartesian way of solving the problem of the universal method in mathematics, in particular, the problem of applying algebra in geometry when it comes to the convergence of a discrete number and a continuous quantity. The article shows that the solution to this problem proposed by F. Viète is imperfect, since it introduces vague pseudo-geometric objects, and the geometric quantity is still far from an algebraic number. The author proves that Descartes' solution to this problem through (...) the use of Eudoxus proportions is based on such Cartesian epistemological principles as: the requirement of clarity and expressiveness of thinking; the idea of the central role of a holistic mathematical science; the idea of the existence of a simple and obvious nature of length as a basis for comparing all extended things; the elevation of the concept of ratio to the rank of a single subject of mathematical disciplines. (shrink)

In this article, a little-studied problem of the critical analysis of the philosophical and logical position of the representative of German philosophical tradition Christoph Sigwart in the university philosophy, especially in the work of a Kharkiv private-docent Isidor Prodan is presented. At first, the main periods of the scientific and creative career of Isidor Prodan, including his studying at the Czernowitz Gymnasium and the philosophical faculty at the University of Vienna are considered. His teacher in Vienna was a very famous (...) German and Austrian professor Franz Brentano, the author of the work “Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint” and the founder of “descriptive psychology” and intentionalism. Then his teaching of logic and philosophy at the Gymnasiums of Kishinev, Izmail, Riga, Tartu, and Moscow from 1876 till 1900 is emphasized. Then the features of the teaching and the publications of Isidor Prodan in his “Kharkiv period” are pointed out, during which he was a private-docent at the department of philosophy. Isidor Prodan’s works at this time comprise three areas: 1) History of logic, 2) philosophy of common sense, 3) critique of Kant and Neo-Kantianism. In the last group, his work “The Truth about Kant ” was of great importance. His very important work was the monograph “The Cognition and its Object ”. The positions of well-known philosophers and less-known authors were here analyzed. Isidor Prodan’s critical interpretation of the logical viewpoint of Christoph Sigwart in his two-volume work “Logic” occupies an important place in this analysis. In turn, Isidor Prodan’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of this German logician and philosopher, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from the work “Logic”. (shrink)

We describe the historical process of establishment and development of the first industrial centers of oil production in the Eastern Carpathians. Oil in Europe starts only in the late Middle Ages based on deposits of the Eastern and Southern Carpathians. The first step, which formed a large-scale oil needs was the invention of kerosene and kerosene lamps for lighting fixtures homes and streets changed significantly for the better life of the people. Technology first distillation and chemical treatment of crude oil (...) was developed in1853 inLviv chemists and pharmacists Johann Zeg and Ignatius Lukasevych. Numerous oil fields on the territory of Ukraine, Poland and Romania in central Europe had the shortest route to European consumers, new requirements form the use of oil and were kind of testing ground for the introduction of new technological ideas and scientific developments. (shrink)

У статті досліджено становлення нафто- й газовидобувних центрів на Гуцульщині в другій половині ХІХ - першій третині ХХ ст. та їхнє значення для господарського розвитку краю. Детально описано три головні центри нафтової промисловості: Битків-Пасічна, Слобода Рунгурська та Космач. Виділено три періоди нафтовидобутку: 1-й - XVI ст. - 1860 р., 2-й - 1860-1884 рр., 3-й - 1884-1939 рр.

In the article the features of the processes of globalization in the context of religious culture have been considered. Such features of modern globalization processes prompt the study of world religions and the consideration of the place of Ukraine in contemporary global challenges. The conditions for the adaptation of Ukrainian society in international religious relations have been formulated.

In the article the essence of the public- private partnership is defined; on the basis of the experience of European countries priority areas for the implementation of PPP projects are identified. They are transport and utilities infrastructure. Generalized approach to evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects help to highlight two areas: economic and social efficiency. The indexes of social efficiency of PPP projects and efficiency indicators for projects of public and private partners and services consumer are defined. The main stages (...) of the analysis of public- private partnerships are defined. Key factors in choosing the best investment proposal are the minimization of utility rates, terms and government involvement in the financing of projects. Economic evaluation of PPP projects is based on an analysis of four major factors: profitability index, net present value, internal rate of return, discounted payback period. Assessing the economic efficiency of PPP projects take into account the index of riskiness of the project is proposed. This index is calculated by determining the list of major risks for the private partner, dividing them into groups by priority, assessing the probability of occurrence of each event using the method of expert estimates, the calculation point scoring system for the project. The resulting score is a general indicator of the riskiness of the project. This index allows to estimate the minimum possible economic benefit to which an investor can expect a high probability of a specified list of risks. (shrink)

У статті досліджується морально-філософська складова образу воїна в українській філософській думці епохи бароко. В якості джерельної бази обрано тексти мислителів другої половини XVII ст. Ці тексти відзначаються традиційною апеляцією до образу «християнського лицаря» з відровідним набором чеснот: хоробрість, зневага до смерті, побожність, цнотливість, любов до Вітчизни тощо. Даний образ знайшов своє відображення і в культурі пізнішої епохи та залишається актуальним для історичної свідомості нашого часу.

The article examines the peculiarities of the attitude to Greek philosophy in Western Europe and Byzantium in the context of the historical development of the polarity of mentalities and cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. On the one hand, the philosophical teachings of Plato/Plotinus and on the other – Aristotle. It is shown that these polarities in their transformed versions manifested themselves in the division of medieval Europe into the Christian East (Greek-speaking and «Greek-minded» Byzantium) as the direct heir (...) of Greek culture, and into the Christian West, as the direct heir of Latin culture. The adoption of Christianity both in the East and the West through «filters» of different mentalities and cultures along with other historical factors, led to the division of Christianity into Orthodoxy (the «Greek» Church) and Catholicism (the «Latin» Church). It is argued that Latin patristics organically grew in the West into the dominance of scholasticism, which was not the case in the Christian East, where the full formation of scholasticism was blocked and it remained in its infancy in a state of protoscholasticism. It is asserted that the Roman Catholic West of the scholastic era (9-14th centuries), based on both Platonism and Aristotelianism, inherits Epistemic-Aristotelian type of philosophizing as a paradigmatic for its theology and philosophy, whereas the Orthodox East, despite all its oscillations, maintains dominant in antiquity, Platonic line of philosophizing as a paradigmatic for its spiritual culture. Through Aristotle, as the "father" and «First-Philosopher» of scolasticism, Christian Aristotelianism has intensively grown and incorporated itself in the culture of Western Europeans and their mentality. The transformation of Aristotelianism into the «inner form of Western civilization" happened (S. Averintsev). (shrink)

In this article, Volodymyr Yermolenko examines the power of ideas to shape social and political events. He is particularly interested in the way misguided or false ideas about Russian and Ukrainian history and politics have contributed to the current Russia-Ukraine war. He also reflects on the way this war has transformed his understanding of some key philosophical concepts, including life, death, and social solidarity.

The article is devoted to the review of history of homiletics as a science in the Kyiv theological tradition. On the basis of the analysis of the first domestic work on the theory of the sermon, made by Yoanykyi Haliatovskyi, process of influence of the Catholic baroque sermon on original homiletics in Kyiv in 17th century is shown. The article also analyzes homiletic views of an archbishop Theofan Prokopovych, who sought to reform the domestic church sermon, depriving it of the (...) extremes of Baroque literature. The author discusses contribution of professors Yakiv Amfiteatrov and archpriest Nazariі Favorov to homiletics as a science in Kyiv Theological Academy in 19th century. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the Professor Vasyl Pevnytskyi’s views who criticized the traditional approaches in Orthodox homiletics. In particular, Professor Pevnytskyi rejected the view on homiletics as a purely practical discipline, designed to provide students with knowledge about the preparation and delivery of the sermon. He believed that homiletics should not teach the method of preparing a sermon, but morally educate preachers. Pevnytskyi offered to rename homiletics to “spiritual literature” and introduced a historical method in its teaching. The course of “spiritual literature” had to show students how the living word influenced people and changed the world. Consequently, homiletics should turn into an analytical history of spiritual literature. The poetics shares the opinion of a number of Protestant theologists that success of the sermon does not depend on the perfection of its external form, but on how deeply a preacher captures the truth. He attributed the decisive feature of the preaching word not to abstract rules of drafting and preaching, but to a special inner inspiration of the preacher. Similar opinions were observed, in particular, in Protestant thinkers such as Philip Jacob Schpener, Franz Theremin, and Friedrich Schleiermacher. Prof. Pevnytskyi tried to creatively rethink their ideas. An alternative to scholasticism he saw in the holy tradition. It was on the foundation of patrician homiletic heritage that Pevnytskyi aimed to build a new course in homiletics. (shrink)

The article is focused on Lesia Ukrainka’s famous drama The Stone Master (Kaminnyi Hospodar), her remake of the Don Juan legend. The author of the article, Ukrainian philosopher Volodymyr Yermolenko, localizes Lesia’s masterpiece in a broader European tradition of the legend. He compares The Stone Master with the previous version of the Don Juan legend, by Tirso de Molina (The Trickster of Seville), Moli re (Dom Juan), Mozart (Don Giovanni), Hoffmann (Don Juan), Grabbe (Faust and Don Juan) and others. (...) He analyzes Lesia’s originality within this tradition. He also reads The Stone Master in the context of the dialogue between different epochs: the Baroque, Classicism, Rococo / Enlightenment, Romanticism, Post-Romanticism. Each of the epochs develops its specific version of Don Juan legend, according to Yermolenko, which reflects a specific concept of human being and human relations developed at each particular period. While the “Baroque” Don Juan of Tirso de Molina marks the crisis of the culture of honor, the “Classicist” Don Juan of Moli re shows the development of a culture of knowledge and general concepts, and the “Romantic” Don Juan of Byron and Hoffmann is a symptorm of a new 19th century culture of will and transformation. In this respect, it is important to look at Lesia Ukrainka’s text as a battleground of “Romantic” will to freedom and “Post-Romantic” (or fin de siècle) will to power. In this context, Yermolenko reads The Stone Master (written in 1912) as a criticism of the fashionable topic of “will to power”, and as a political warning, with Lesia Ukrainka showing the upcoming horrors of the 20th century’s authoritarianism and totalitarianism. With the help of the concept of eropolitics, the author shows how, through the erotic topic, Lesia Ukrainka passed a major political message to her epoch — and ours as well. (shrink)

This article examines the issues of social (re)integration in Ukraine, which were actualized during the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014-2022. The first part of the article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical issues related to the conceptualization of social integration in the social sciences and the role of the state in reproducing social relations. The author assumes that during the last decades, ideas about the role of the state in these processes have changed significantly, which was caused by the departure (...) of the governments of developed democratic countries from the policy of the welfare state. This caused a reorientation of the state towards policies of inclusion, that is, targeted support and assistance to the most vulnerable social strata. The second part of the article is devoted to the consideration of the processes of social integration of migrants and refugees during the war in Ukraine. The author concludes that during the first full-scale invasion, processes of rethinking one's own national identity intensified in Ukrainian society. The armed confrontation and the catastrophic consequences caused by it contributed to the nationwide consolidation of Ukrainians and neutralized socio-cultural differences, which for a long time became the cause of political opposition and electoral divisions. Instead, the long stay of part of the territory and citizens of Ukraine under occupation under conditions of repressive and propaganda pressure, violent mobilization to the armed forces of the self-proclaimed republics and participation in the armed confrontation on the side of the occupiers revealed new divisions between Ukrainians who were on different sides of the front line. These divisions will obviously become an obstacle to the successful reintegration of Ukrainians after de-occupation, which will require a balanced and careful integration policy from the state authorities during the post-war reconstruction. (shrink)

This article is the Opus postum of the author, who passed away in September 2023. Volodymyr Verloka is the author of numerous translations of philosophical classics from English, worked in various academic institutions, including the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. He received his philosophical education at the beginning of the 1990s and personally witnessed the Soviet period of Ukrainian philosophy. The author’s critical reflections offered (...) here are largely the result of his own experience of participating in the work of various academic institutions of independent Ukraine, and are also an honest expression of his sincere desire to change the situation with Ukrainian science and higher education for the better. In the article, the author addresses the reconstruction of the specific understanding of science in the USSR, revealing such features as ideological, partisan, and bureaucratic. The author analyzes the documents of the era – the publication of texts by Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Volodymyr Vernadskyi, Nikolay Bukharin, Petr Kapitsa regarding the role of science in society. The author also turns to the analysis of the key philosophical texts of the era, which are direct evidence of the open position of Soviet philosophers on various issues, such as the definition of science, truth, and practice, and also finds out the specific influence of the doctrine of communism on the idea of Soviet academicism as the only politically permissible and at the same time as supposedly the only scientifically possible academic position. For this purpose, the author primarily analyzes the texts of the Soviet “Philosophical Encyclopedia”. The author also refers to critical sources that analyze the Soviet era – the works of Alain Besançon, Nelli Motroshilova, Anatolii Yermolenko and Serhii Yosypenko, Evert van der Zweerde and others. The author also gives his own critical assessment of the presence of vestiges of Soviet academicism in the modern Ukrainian academic sphere. (shrink)

The article explores the nature, purpose and means of influencing the public consciousness of the "Russian world" phenomenon. The origins of the project, the course of its implementation in the intellectual and power circles of Russian society are shown. It is proved that as an instrument of global competition, the "Russian world" project is an alternative to the Western project of cultural development and can be quite effective. The author concludes that under any development of events the perspective of thinking (...) that opens within the paradigm of the "Russian world", taking into account its relevance in modern Russia, consolidating the potential and influence on the perception and interpretation of contemporary and historical events, will remain a weighty factor in shaping Russia's policy in the coming years. (shrink)

Fright is analyzed both as one of the important characteristics of a person, and as a topical issue of humanitarian science, in particular philosophy. Phenomenon of fright is substantiated as an innate ontological nature of a person which is inherited from nature but "cultivated", "socialized" and is considered to be the object of a personal reflection. It is shown that fright is immanently connected with a complex of human rights and freedoms and, especially, with satisfaction of human safety needs. It (...) is proved that freedom is the key source of fright and these phenomena are closely interconnected. Fright both in the conditions of straitened freedom by perforce, and in the conditions of straitened freedom in itself is characterized. Fright features of a Western European medieval man in the conditions of so called stable unfreedom, that is straitened freedom by perforce, with his psychological disharmony, suffering from spiritual and social depression, as well as from the risk to manifest his real "Self" is shown. Fright features of a Western European Renaissance man in the conditions of liberation from church dogmata but in the context of inside constrained freedom are shown. Taking into consideration the tendencies and the features of modern world, the conclusion is drawn that today's epoch is an epoch of fright and today's man is a man of fright. (shrink)