Neste artigo, compreende-se o neoliberalismo como um fenômeno complexo, em constante transformação, dotado de racionalidade. Defendese a Educação como um dos elementos centrais para aplicação e atuação de tecnologias políticas constituintes da racionalidade neoliberal. O artigo resulta da articulação dos achados de duas pesquisas, no sentido de compor uma trama analítica de discursos sobre docência, divulgadas veiculados na contemporaneidade. Trata-se de uma análise macro – campanhas e projetos com foco na docência divulgadas pela Rede Latino-Americana pela Educação – e de (...) seus desdobramentos discursivos em termos micro – especialmente nas campanhas eleitorais brasileiras. As análises realizadas compreendem a articulação entre as campanhas e os projetos da Reduca e as propostas político-eleitorais brasileiras como um conjunto de práticas materializantes e constituintes da agenda educacional-neoliberal latinoamericana. Inscreve “a formação continuada e a valorização de professores” como categoria analítica emergente dos documentos analisados. Tal categoria exerce papel central na consolidação da racionalidade do projeto neoliberal, resultando em inúmeras formas de pautar a Educação a partir da profissionalização e da legitimação do papel docente. Conclui-se que a ressignificação de “boas” práticas pedagógicas na contemporaneidade se constituiu a partir de processos de responsabilização dos docentes, principalmente pautados pela premissa neoliberal da performance individual, presente tanto nos discursos políticos eleitorais brasileiros quanto nos empresariais. Além disso, existe uma forte atuação dos empresários na área da Educação, em diferentes países da América Latina, de modo que compreender como a Educação vem sendo reinscrita a partir dessa e de outras redes de políticas educacionais é fundamental para se desnaturalizar os discursos transmitidos por tais redes, que materializam a agenda educacional contemporânea. (shrink)

This explorative study contributes to the theoretical debate on political incivility beyond the domination of Western-centric approaches while connecting the bodies of literature in political philosophy and media research. It offers empirical evidence of Bolsonaro’s delegitimizing criticisms and uncivil expressions toward the press, some specific news outlets, and individual journalists during the first two years of his presidential mandate in Brazil. It concludes that Bolsonaro displayed the complete repertoire of the defining elements of political incivility in liberal democracies vis à (...) vis the delegitimization of the press. He also unprecedently pushed the limits of civility in political discourse by employing the entire arsenal of verbal manifestations of impoliteness. (shrink)

El manuscrito 21-7 de la biblioteca capitular de Toledo contiene una versión castellana medieval, del siglo XV, del Arbor apostolicalis, parte del Arbor scientiae, de Raimundo Lulio. El presente artículo estudia la versión, hasta ahora desconocida entre los historiadores del lulismo, añadiendo una edición del prólogo, dirigido por un lulista anónimo al arzobispo de Toledo, probablemente Alfonso Carrillo.The manuscript 21-7 of the Cathedral Library of Toledo contains a medieval translation of the Arbor apostolicalis, part of the Arbor scientiae, of Ramon (...) Lull, together with a preface addressed from a anonymous lulist to the archbishop of Toledo, probably Alfonso Carrillo. The article investigates the manuscript, ignored from the historians of the lulisme, and presents an edition of the preface. (shrink)

Book OLIVEIRA, Irene Dias de. Religião e as teias do multiculturalismo. São Paulo: Fonte Editorial, 2015. 97p. ISBN 978-85-68252-55-0.

Die Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East erscheinen als Supplement der Zeitschrift Der Islam, gegründet 1910 von Carl Heinrich Becker, einem der Väter der modernen Islamwissenschaft. Ziel der Studies ist die Erforschung der vergangenen Gesellschaften des Vorderen Orients, ihrer Glaubenssysteme und der zugrundeliegenden sozialen und ökonomischen Verhältnisse - für alle historisch arbeitenden Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften.

Dies ist eine der wenigen umfassenden Monographien zur Philosophie der großen Naturwissenschaft Chemie auf dem aktuellen Stand der seit etwa drei Jahrzehnten aufblühenden wissenschaftsphilosophischen Teildisziplin. Es wird untersucht, wie die zentralen Aspekte Stofflichkeit, Analyse, Synthese, Kompositionismus, Potentialität, Affinität, Reaktivität, Temporalität, Atomismus, Individuen, Arten, Bindungstheorie, Unterbestimmtheit, und Pluralismus in der Chemie zusammenhängen. Die These wird vertreten, dass es der Chemie keinerlei Abbruch hinsichtlich ihrer wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung tut, sie mit Kant als „systematische" Kunst anzusehen. Vielmehr besteht sogar Anlass, sich mit einer gleichsam (...) „metachemischen" Grundhaltung von den Unzulänglichkeiten herkömmlicher Wissenschaftstheorie zu lösen. Das Buch ist die Bilanz von Bemühungen des Autors in der Chemiephilosophie in den genannten drei Jahrzehnten. (shrink)

The way language as a human faculty has evolved is a question that preoccupies researchers from a wide spread of disciplines. In this book, a team of writers has been brought together to examine the evolution of language from a variety of such standpoints, including language's genetic basis, the anthropological context of its appearance, its formal structure, its relation to systems of cognition and thought, as well as its possible evolutionary antecedents. The book includes Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch's seminal and (...) provocative essay on the subject, 'The Faculty of Language,' and charts the progress of research in this active and highly controversial field since its publication in 2002. This timely volume will be welcomed by researchers and students in a number of disciplines, including linguistics, evolutionary biology, psychology, and cognitive science. (shrink)

Procrastination remains an omnipresent phenomenon impeding especially students’ academic performance and well-being. Preliminary findings suggest that procrastination emerges due to dysfunctional emotion regulation efforts to regulate aversive emotions. This study’s objective was to clarify whether the enhancement of general adaptive emotion regulation skills reduces subsequent procrastination. For the purpose of this study, data from a two-armed randomized controlled trial with university students, comprising an active intervention and a passive wait-list control group, was collected. Participants of the intervention group were provided (...) with an online emotion regulation training over a period of 9 weeks. The results showed that the enhancement of general emotion regulation skills significantly reduced subsequent procrastination behavior within the IG as compared to the untreated WLC. Moreover, subsequent mediation analyses revealed that the reduction of procrastination was significantly mediated by the increase in general ER skills. The present results suggest that trainings which enhance general ER skills are an appropriate measure to reduce procrastination behavior among university students. The practical value of ER training interventions, particularly for student populations, is discussed. (shrink)

The fictitious controversy turns around the question of how to know what Jesus meant by 'Kingdom of God'. Nietzsche pretended this kingdom to be merely interior and to be found only there, whereas elsewhere he declared God to be "dead". For Luther, the Kingdom of God is located in faith and the pure grace of God. On the other hand, Luther, due to his bible literalism, justifies the persecution of Jews and insurgent peasants, and this in flagrant contradiction to Jesus' (...) commandment of Love. The idea of 'Kingdom of God' has been of considerable impact and significance in the history of mind-. (shrink)

Among logicians there exists the widely accepted view that classical logic as developed by Frege, Russell, Peano, Peirce and others is not able to master all the problems arising in connection with indirect speech and similar phenomena. There is a myth that classical or so-called extensional logic is good only for one part of our language, for extensional contexts, while a large area of our language, consisting of intensional or opaque contexts, needs a special, non-extensional or intensional logic. It is (...) obvious that this point of view denies the universality of logic and logical rules. (shrink)

The aim of this chapter is to explain Aristotle’s definition of the vegetative part of the soul in the De anima from a methodological point of view. I discuss Aristotle’s conception of the soul and his conception of “parts of the soul” before I turn to his definition of the vegetative part of the soul in De anima II 4. I argue that the definition of the vegetative capacity is deliberately abstract so as to cover its various activities under one (...) common heading. I also argue that the De anima deliberately avoids a positive and determinate description of the activity of the soul that is properly responsible for the vegetative functions, and that Aristotle offers such a positive and determinate description in his works dedicated to the actions and affections “common to body and soul”. (shrink)

Jahrhunderts entspannt. So wurde Kant als Metaphysiker neu entdeckt. Ausstellung und Katalog dokumentieren diese wechselhafte Geschichte der katholischen Rezeption Kants in den vergangenen 200 Jahren.

THIS PAPER is not a piece of "research"; it simply offers a series of reflections on the transcendental method. It is occasioned by the realization that, while this method is interesting and important in the opinion of some, it can count on little familiarity in the United States. And where philosophers and students of philosophy make the effort, they have great difficulty appreciating transcendental philosophy or understanding its proposals. This difficulty is, as I say, largely circumstantial and due to a (...) lack of familiarity with the relevant works, but, viewed less superficially, it is motivated by a positive affiliation to another philosophical tradition. In fact, the positions of this other tradition are, if largely in a modern guise, the very ones against which transcendental philosophy reacted. This historical relationship has also systematic relevance. In many ways, pre-transcendental positions seem to have priority: we need only think of formal logic, certain basic stances in empiricist epistemology, common sense. Accordingly, the subjective difficulty of philosophers and students of such persuasions can be treated "objectively," as the difficulty of ever establishing arguments for the transcendental turn or for what Kant calls the "Copernican revolution." Transcendental philosophy must provide arguments, so it seems, on the pre-transcendental level to establish the transcendental position. Further, supposing this problem can be overcome, there is the genuine difficulty of understanding what the transcendental theory actually says and in what way it does its job. And lastly, supposing we find that it lives up to its program, there may still be difficulty with certain implications such that philosophers and students take refuge in non-transcendental positions rather than calling for improvements of transcendental philosophy. In this paper we cannot, of course, fully discuss to what extent the transcendental position can take care of its critics. The paper is mainly concerned with the difficulty of access or introductory argument to transcendental philosophy. (shrink)

Research regarding ethics programs represents an important segment of business ethics literature. In the last thirty years, scientific discourse on ethics programs has flourished. Numerous studies examined their functions, composition, application in organizational practice, and impact on employee ethical behavior and many other organizational variables. However, so far there has been no study that would comprehensively map this particular field. Given that, this paper aims to examine discourse on ethics programs in its complexity within business and management literature. Based on (...) a sophistically composed search protocol in the Scopus database, and after multiple rounds of checks, we extracted a final sample of 287 documents that matched the selection criteria. The sample was thoroughly analyzed by means of advanced bibliometric analytics tools. The results show the quantitative impact of ethics program literature via publication and citation metrics, a network of co-occurring themes and clusters of scientific inquiry, and the evolution of respective discourse over time. This detailed analysis results in a set of conclusions provided in the last part of the paper summarizing the quantitative performance and thematic scope of literature on ethics programs. (shrink)

In this paper we have two related aims. First, we aim to present an account of what it is to treat women as sex-objects.1 Like other philosophical writers in the field, we hold that the central idea in an account of such treatment is the failure to treat women with proper respect in sexual behavior. This idea has been cashed out in terms of using,2 and in terms of dehumanization or failure to accord equal rights to freedom and welfare.3 However, (...) we believe that there is a central deficiency in most such philosophical accounts of treating women as sex-objects, namely, a failure to outline in any detail a theory of interpersonal norms so that one can grasp in more concrete terms what it is to avoid treating a woman as a sex-object. We aim to rectify this deficiency by presenting a model of interpersonal norms based on the work of the social psychologist Chris Argyris. (shrink)

Plato’s Phaidon, as generally held, is set in Phlius (northern Argolis), shortly after the death of Socrates: the scarcely twenty-year-old Phaidon (see 89b2), on his way from Athens to his home town of Elis, is visiting the Pythagorean Echecrates and his companions. In this article I will show that the established place and time neglect some special dynamics of the start of the meeting (Section I) and a series of ethopoietic effects in the course of the dialogue (Section II). Moreover, (...) relevant testimonies about Echecrates of Phlius and some adverbial references (especially 118a16 τότε) suggest that the dramatic time of the dialogue should be understood as set substantially later (Section III). Finally, general reflections on the naturalness of the whole setting (Section IV) seem to confirm that in the Platonic Phaidon, the already more mature Phaidon, when visited ‘years after’ (Wilamowitz) in Elis by the Pythagorean Echecrates, reports details of the memorable death of his former master. (shrink)

In the 21st century, digitalization is a global challenge of mankind. Even for the public, it is obvious that our world is increasingly dominated by powerful algorithms and big data. But, how computable is our world? Some people believe that successful problem solving in science, technology, and economies only depends on fast algorithms and data mining. Chances and risks are often not understood, because the foundations of algorithms and information systems are not studied rigorously. Actually, they are deeply rooted in (...) logics, mathematics, computer science and philosophy. Therefore, this book studies the foundations of mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, in order to guarantee security and reliability of the knowledge by constructive proofs, proof mining and program extraction. We start with the basics of computability theory, proof theory, and information theory. In a second step, we introduce new concepts of information and computing systems, in order to overcome the gap between the digital world of logical programming and the analog world of real computing in mathematics and science. The book also considers consequences for digital and analog physics, computational neuroscience, financial mathematics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). (shrink)