Results for 'Turing Test'

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  1.  9
    The Ephemera.Turing Test - 2004 - In Stuart M. Shieber, The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence. MIT Press. pp. 97.
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  2. The Turing Test is a Thought Experiment.Bernardo Gonçalves - 2023 - Minds and Machines 33 (1):1-31.
    The Turing test has been studied and run as a controlled experiment and found to be underspecified and poorly designed. On the other hand, it has been defended and still attracts interest as a test for true artificial intelligence (AI). Scientists and philosophers regret the test’s current status, acknowledging that the situation is at odds with the intellectual standards of Turing’s works. This article refers to this as the Turing Test Dilemma, following the (...)
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  3.  59
    LLMs, Turing tests and Chinese rooms: the prospects for meaning in large language models.Emma Borg - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    Discussions of artificial intelligence have been shaped by two brilliant thought-experiments: Turing’s Imitation Test for thinking systems and Searle’s Chinese Room Argument. In many ways, debates about large language models (LLMs) struggle to move beyond these original, opposing thought-experiments. So, in this paper, I ask whether we can move debate forward by exploring the features Sceptics about LLM abilities take to ground meaning. Section 1 sketches the options, while Sections 2 and 3 explore the common requirement for a (...)
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  4. Descartes' Turing test.Adam Drozdek - 2001 - Epistemologia 24 (1):5-29.
  5. Turing test: 50 years later.Ayse Pinar Saygin, Ilyas Cicekli & Varol Akman - 2000 - Minds and Machines 10 (4):463-518.
    The Turing Test is one of the most disputed topics in artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science. This paper is a review of the past 50 years of the Turing Test. Philosophical debates, practical developments and repercussions in related disciplines are all covered. We discuss Turing's ideas in detail and present the important comments that have been made on them. Within this context, behaviorism, consciousness, the 'other minds' problem, and similar topics in philosophy (...)
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  6. The Turing test.B. Jack Copeland - 2000 - Minds and Machines 10 (4):519-539.
    Turing''s test has been much misunderstood. Recently unpublished material by Turing casts fresh light on his thinking and dispels a number of philosophical myths concerning the Turing test. Properly understood, the Turing test withstands objections that are popularly believed to be fatal.
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  7. The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence.Stuart M. Shieber (ed.) - 2004 - MIT Press.
    Stuart M. Shieber’s name is well known to computational linguists for his research and to computer scientists more generally for his debate on the Loebner Turing Test competition, which appeared a decade earlier in Communications of the ACM. 1 With this collection, I expect it to become equally well known to philosophers.
  8.  41
    The turing test and the technology of the artificial: theoretical and methodological issues.Massimo Negrotti - 2013 - Epistemologia 36 (1):7-17.
  9. The Turing test.Graham Oppy & D. Dowe - 2003 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    This paper provides a survey of philosophical discussion of the "the Turing Test". In particular, it provides a very careful and thorough discussion of the famous 1950 paper that was published in Mind.
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  10. ChatGPT-4 in the Turing Test.Ricardo Restrepo Echavarría - 2025 - Minds and Machines 35 (8):1-10.
    There has been considerable optimistic speculation on how well ChatGPT-4 would perform in a Turing Test. However, no minimally serious implementation of the test has been reported to have been carried out. This brief note documents the re-sults of subjecting ChatGPT-4 to 10 Turing Tests, with different interrogators and participants. The outcome is tremendously disappointing for the optimists. Despite ChatGPT reportedly outperforming 99.9% of humans in a Verbal IQ test, it falls short of passing the (...)
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  11. Creativity, the Turing test, and the (better) Lovelace test.Selmer Bringsjord, P. Bello & David A. Ferrucci - 2001 - Minds and Machines 11 (1):3-27.
    The Turing Test is claimed by many to be a way to test for the presence, in computers, of such ``deep'' phenomena as thought and consciousness. Unfortunately, attempts to build computational systems able to pass TT have devolved into shallow symbol manipulation designed to, by hook or by crook, trick. The human creators of such systems know all too well that they have merely tried to fool those people who interact with their systems into believing that these (...)
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  12. Turing tests for movement.Se da RosenbaumEngelbrecht - 1991 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (6):525-525.
     
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  13. The Turing test: The first fifty years.Robert M. French - 2000 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (3):115-121.
    The Turing Test, originally proposed as a simple operational definition of intelligence, has now been with us for exactly half a century. It is safe to say that no other single article in computer science, and few other articles in science in general, have generated so much discussion. The present article chronicles the comments and controversy surrounding Turing's classic article from its publication to the present. The changing perception of the Turing Test over the last (...)
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  14. The Turing test as interactive proof.Stuart M. Shieber - 2007 - Noûs 41 (4):686–713.
    In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his eponymous test based on indistinguishability of verbal behavior as a replacement for the question "Can machines think?" Since then, two mutually contradictory but well-founded attitudes towards the Turing Test have arisen in the philosophical literature. On the one hand is the attitude that has become philosophical conventional wisdom, viz., that the Turing Test is hopelessly flawed as a sufficient condition for intelligence, while on the other hand is the (...)
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  15. The Turing test is not a good benchmark for thought in LLMs.Tim Bayne & Iwan Williams - 2023 - Nature Human Behaviour 7:1806–1807.
  16.  2
    The Turing Test and the Issue of Trust in AI Systems.Paweł Stacewicz & Krzysztof Sołoducha - 2024 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 69 (1):353-364.
    The Turing test, which is a verbal test of the indistinguishability of machine and human intelligence, is a historically important idea that has set a way of thinking about the AI (artificial intelligence) project that is still relevant today. According to it, the benchmark/blueprint for AI is human intelligence, and the key skill of AI should be its communicative proficiency – which includes explaining decisions made by the machine. Passing the original Turing test by a (...)
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  17. A Minimal Turing Test: Reciprocal Sensorimotor Contingencies for Interaction Detection.Pamela Barone, Manuel G. Bedia & Antoni Gomila - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14:481235.
    In the classical Turing test, participants are challenged to tell whether they are interacting with another human being or with a machine. The way the interaction takes place is not direct, but a distant conversation through computer screen messages. Basic forms of interaction are face-to-face and embodied, context-dependent and based on the detection of reciprocal sensorimotor contingencies. Our idea is that interaction detection requires the integration of proprioceptive and interoceptive patterns with sensorimotor patterns, within quite short time lapses, (...)
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  18. Thought translation, tennis and Turing tests in the vegetative state.John F. Stins & Steven Laureys - 2009 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8 (3):361-370.
    Brain damage can cause massive changes in consciousness levels. From a clinical and ethical point of view it is desirable to assess the level of residual consciousness in unresponsive patients. However, no direct measure of consciousness exists, so we run into the philosophical problem of other minds. Neurologists often make implicit use of a Turing test-like procedure in an attempt to gain access to damaged minds, by monitoring and interpreting neurobehavioral responses. New brain imaging techniques are now being (...)
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  19. The Turing Test and the Frame Problem: AI's Mistaken Understanding of Intelligence.Larry Crockett - 1994 - Ablex.
    I have discussed the frame problem and the Turing test at length, but I have not attempted to spell out what I think the implications of the frame problem ...
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  20. The inverted Turing test: How a mindless program could pass it.Robert French - 1996 - Psycoloquy 7 (39).
    This commentary attempts to show that the inverted Turing Test could be simulated by a standard Turing test and, most importantly, claims that a very simple program with no intelligence whatsoever could be written that would pass the inverted Turing test. For this reason, the inverted Turing test in its present form must be rejected.
     
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  21.  56
    Wittgensteinian Perspectives on the Turing Test.Ondřej Beran - 2014 - Studia Philosophica Estonica 7 (1):35-57.
    This paper discusses some difficulties in understanding the Turing test. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between conceptual and empirical perspectives and highlights the former as introducing more serious problems for the TT. Some objections against the Turingian framework stemming from the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy are exposed. The following serious problems are examined: 1) It considers a unique and exclusive criterion for thinking which amounts to their identification; 2) it misidentifies the relationship of speaking to thinking as that (...)
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  22.  56
    The Turing Test, or a Misuse of Language when Ascribing Mental Qualities to Machines.Józef Bremer & Mariusz Flasiński - 2022 - Forum Philosophicum: International Journal for Philosophy 27 (1):6-25.
    In this paper we discuss the views on the Turing test of four influential thinkers who belong to the tradition of analytic philosophy: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Noam Chomsky, Hilary Putnam and John Searle. Based on various beliefs about philosophical and/or linguistic matters, they arrive at different assessments of both the significance and suitability of the imitation game for the development of cognitive science and AI models. Nevertheless, they share a rejection of the idea that one can treat Turing (...)
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  23. The Turing test: Ai's biggest blind Alley?Blay Whitby - 1996 - In Peter Millican & Andy Clark, Machines and Thought: The Legacy of Alan Turing. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 519-539.
     
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  24. How to pass a Turing test: Syntactic semantics, natural-language understanding, and first-person cognition.William J. Rapaport - 2000 - Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9 (4):467-490.
    I advocate a theory of syntactic semantics as a way of understanding how computers can think (and how the Chinese-Room-Argument objection to the Turing Test can be overcome): (1) Semantics, considered as the study of relations between symbols and meanings, can be turned into syntax – a study of relations among symbols (including meanings) – and hence syntax (i.e., symbol manipulation) can suffice for the semantical enterprise (contra Searle). (2) Semantics, considered as the process of understanding one domain (...)
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  25.  66
    A Turing test conversation.Dale Jacquette - 1993 - Philosophy 68 (264):231-33.
  26.  58
    Against the moral Turing test: accountable design and the moral reasoning of autonomous systems.Thomas Arnold & Matthias Scheutz - 2016 - Ethics and Information Technology 18 (2):103-115.
    This paper argues against the moral Turing test as a framework for evaluating the moral performance of autonomous systems. Though the term has been carefully introduced, considered, and cautioned about in previous discussions :251–261, 2000; Allen and Wallach 2009), it has lingered on as a touchstone for developing computational approaches to moral reasoning :98–109, 2015). While these efforts have not led to the detailed development of an MTT, they nonetheless retain the idea to discuss what kinds of action (...)
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  27. Beyond the Turing test.Jose Hernandez-Orallo - 2000 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 9 (4):447-466.
    The main factor of intelligence is defined as the ability tocomprehend, formalising this ability with the help of new constructsbased on descriptional complexity. The result is a comprehension test,or C- test, which is exclusively defined in computational terms. Due toits absolute and non-anthropomorphic character, it is equally applicableto both humans and non-humans. Moreover, it correlates with classicalpsychometric tests, thus establishing the first firm connection betweeninformation theoretical notions and traditional IQ tests. The TuringTest is compared with the C- (...) and the combination of the two isquestioned. In consequence, the idea of using the Turing Test as apractical test of intelligence should be surpassed, and substituted bycomputational and factorial tests of different cognitive abilities, amuch more useful approach for artificial intelligence progress and formany other intriguing questions that present themselves beyond theTuring Test. (shrink)
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  28.  94
    Imagination machines, Dartmouth-based Turing tests, & a potted history of responses.Melvin Chen - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):283-287.
    Mahadevan (2018, AAAI Conference. https://people.cs.umass.edu/~mahadeva/papers/aaai2018-imagination.pdf) proposes that we are at the cusp of imagination science, one of whose primary concerns will be the design of imagination machines. Programs have been written that are capable of generating jokes (Kim Binsted’s JAPE), producing line-drawings that have been exhibited at such galleries as the Tate (Harold Cohen’s AARON), composing music in several styles reminiscent of such greats as Vivaldi and Mozart (David Cope’s Emmy), proving geometry theorems (Herb Gelernter’s IBM program), and inducing quantitative (...)
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  29.  51
    Deceptive Appearances: the Turing Test, Response-Dependence, and Intelligence as an Emotional Concept.Michael Wheeler - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (4):513-532.
    The Turing Test is routinely understood as a behaviourist test for machine intelligence. Diane Proudfoot has argued for an alternative interpretation. According to Proudfoot, Turing’s claim that intelligence is what he calls ‘an emotional concept’ indicates that he conceived of intelligence in response-dependence terms. As she puts it: ‘Turing’s criterion for “thinking” is…: x is intelligent if in the actual world, in an unrestricted computer-imitates-human game, x appears intelligent to an average interrogator’. The role of (...)
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  30.  24
    The Turing Test.Diane Proudfoot - 2024 - MIT Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science.
  31.  19
    The Moral Turing Test: a defense.Einar Duenger Bohn - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (3):1-13.
    In this paper, I raise the question whether an artificial intelligence can act morally. I first sketch and defend a general picture of what is at stake in this question. I then sketch and defend a behavioral test, known as the Moral Turing Test, as a good sufficiency test for an artificial intelligence acting morally. I end by discussing some general anticipated objections.
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  32.  38
    The Questioning Turing Test.Nicola Damassino - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (4):563-587.
    The Turing Test is best regarded as a model to test for intelligence, where an entity’s intelligence is inferred from its ability to be attributed with ‘human-likeness’ during a text-based conversation. The problem with this model, however, is that it does not care if or how well an entity produces a meaningful conversation, as long as its interactions are humanlike enough. As a consequence, the TT attracts projects that concentrate on how best to fool the judges. In (...)
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  33.  22
    Turing-Test.Bernhard Nebel - 2019 - In Kevin Liggieri & Oliver Müller, Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion: Handbuch Zu Geschichte – Kultur – Ethik. J.B. Metzler. pp. 304-306.
    Alan Turing, einer der Gründerväter der modernen Informatik, diskutierte in seinem 1950 veröffentlichten Artikel »Computing Machinery and Intelligence« die Frage, ob Maschinen denken können. Dies wirft jedoch die schwierige Frage auf, was Denken denn sei. Um diese Frage zu umgehen, schlägt Turing vor, stattdessen eine Frage zu stellen, die sich durch bloße Beobachtung klären lässt, nämlich ob eine Maschine ein bestimmtes Spiel erfolgreich spielen könne.
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  34. The truly total Turing test.Paul Schweizer - 1998 - Minds and Machines 8 (2):263-272.
    The paper examines the nature of the behavioral evidence underlying attributions of intelligence in the case of human beings, and how this might be extended to other kinds of cognitive system, in the spirit of the original Turing Test. I consider Harnad's Total Turing Test, which involves successful performance of both linguistic and robotic behavior, and which is often thought to incorporate the very same range of empirical data that is available in the human case. However, (...)
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  35. What does the Turing test really mean? And how many human beings (including Turing) could pass?Tyler Cowen & Michelle Dawson - unknown
    The so-called Turing test, as it is usually interpreted, sets a benchmark standard for determining when we might call a machine intelligent. We can call a machine intelligent if the following is satisfied: if a group of wise observers were conversing with a machine through an exchange of typed messages, those observers could not tell whether they were talking to a human being or to a machine. To pass the test, the machine has to be intelligent but (...)
     
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  36.  76
    In defense of the Turing test.Eric Neufeld & Sonje Finnestad - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (4):819-827.
    In 2014, widespread reports in the popular media that a chatbot named Eugene Goostman had passed the Turing test became further grist for those who argue that the diversionary tactics of chatbots like Goostman and others, such as those who participate in the Loebner competition, are enabled by the open-ended dialog of the Turing test. Some claim a new kind of test of machine intelligence is needed, and one community has advanced the Winograd schema competition (...)
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  37. The Turing Test -- From Every Angle.Diane Proudfoot - 2017 - In Jack Copeland, Jonathan Bowen, Robin Wilson & Mark Sprevak, The Turing Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 287-300.
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  38. The Future of the Turing Test: The Next Fifty Years.James Moor - 1999 - Minds and Machines 9 (459).
  39.  32
    Mind who’s testing: Turing tests and the post-colonial imposition of their implicit conceptions of intelligence.Fabian Fischbach, Tijs Vandemeulebroucke & Aimee van Wynsberghe - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-12.
    This paper aims to show that dominant conceptions of intelligence used in artificial intelligence (AI) are biased by normative assumptions that originate from the Global North, making it questionable if AI can be uncritically applied elsewhere without risking serious harm to vulnerable people. After the introduction in Sect. 1 we shortly present the history of IQ testing in Sect. 2, focusing on its multiple discriminatory biases. To determine how these biases came into existence, we define intelligence ontologically and underline its (...)
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  40.  67
    There Can Be No Turing-Test-Passing Memorizing Machines.Stuart M. Shieber - 2014 - Philosophers' Imprint 14.
    Anti-behaviorist arguments against the validity of the Turing Test as a sufficient condition for attributing intelligence are based on a memorizing machine, which has recorded within it responses to every possible Turing Test interaction of up to a fixed length. The mere possibility of such a machine is claimed to be enough to invalidate the Turing Test. I consider the nomological possibility of memorizing machines, and how long a Turing Test they can (...)
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  41.  7
    Straw Man Fallacy of the Complete Conversation System Claim against the Turing Test.Paweł Łupkowski - forthcoming - Diametros:1-16.
    This paper aims to present and discuss an argumentation against the Turing test (TT), which we shall call the CCSC (Complete Conversation System Claim). Exemplary arguments of the CCSC type include Lem’s “Space Gramophone,” the “machine equipped with a dictionary” proposed by Shannon and McCarthy, Block’s “Aunt Bubbles,” and Searle’s “Chinese Room” argument. CCSC argumentation is constructed to show that the TT is not properly designed and, consequently, is not a good hallmark of intelligence. Based on the original (...)
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  42. Turing test considered harmful.Patrick Hayes & Kenneth M. Ford - 1995 - Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1:972-77.
     
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  43.  54
    Attributions toward Artificial Agents in a modified Moral Turing Test.Eyal Aharoni, Sharlene Fernandes, Daniel Brady, Caelan Alexander, Michael Criner, Kara Queen, Javier Rando, Eddy Nahmias & Victor Crespo - 2024 - Scientific Reports 14 (8458):1-11.
    Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) raise important questions about whether people view moral evaluations by AI systems similarly to human-generated moral evaluations. We conducted a modified Moral Turing Test (m-MTT), inspired by Allen et al. (Exp Theor Artif Intell 352:24–28, 2004) proposal, by asking people to distinguish real human moral evaluations from those made by a popular advanced AI language model: GPT-4. A representative sample of 299 U.S. adults first rated the quality of moral evaluations when blinded to (...)
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  44.  95
    The Turing test is a joke.Attay Kremer - 2024 - AI and Society 39 (1):399-401.
  45.  43
    (1 other version)Passing an Enhanced Turing Test – Interacting with Lifelike Computer Representations of Specific Individuals.Steven Kobosko, James Hollister, Miguel Elvir, Maxine Brown, Carlos Leon-Barth, Luc Renambot, Victor Hung, Sangyoon Lee, Steven Jones, Andrew Johnson, Ronald F. DeMara, Jason Leigh & Avelino J. Gonzalez - 2013 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 22 (4):365-415.
    This article describes research to build an embodied conversational agent as an interface to a question-and-answer system about a National Science Foundation program. We call this ECA the LifeLike Avatar, and it can interact with its users in spoken natural language to answer general as well as specific questions about specific topics. In an idealized case, the LifeLike Avatar could conceivably provide a user with a level of interaction such that he or she would not be certain as to whether (...)
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  46.  46
    The Turing Test as a Novel Form of Hermeneutics.Timothy Clark - 1992 - International Studies in Philosophy 24 (1):17-31.
  47. Can machines think? The controversy that led to the Turing test.Bernardo Gonçalves - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (6):2499-2509.
    Turing’s much debated test has turned 70 and is still fairly controversial. His 1950 paper is seen as a complex and multilayered text, and key questions about it remain largely unanswered. Why did Turing select learning from experience as the best approach to achieve machine intelligence? Why did he spend several years working with chess playing as a task to illustrate and test for machine intelligence only to trade it out for conversational question-answering in 1950? Why (...)
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  48.  27
    The Turing test: An examination of its nature and its mentalistic ontology.Christian Beenfeldt - 2005 - Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 40 (1):109-144.
  49.  98
    Answering subcognitive Turing test questions: A reply to French.Peter Turney - 2001
    Robert French has argued that a disembodied computer is incapable of passing a Turing Test that includes subcognitive questions. Subcognitive questions are designed to probe the network of cultural and perceptual associations that humans naturally develop as we live, embodied and embedded in the world. In this paper, I show how it is possible for a disembodied computer to answer subcognitive questions appropriately, contrary to French’s claim. My approach to answering subcognitive questions is to use statistical information extracted (...)
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  50.  56
    The Mythical Turing Test.Aaron Sloman - unknown
    I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to (...)
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