It is argued that recent discussion of the principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII) and quantum mechanics has lost sight of the broader philosophical motivation and significance of PII and that the `received view' of the status of PII in the light of quantum mechanics survives recent criticisms of it by Muller, Saunders, and Seevinck.

This is also where we begin investigating lattices of logics and varieties, rather than particular examples.

The scientific papers published in a special edition of the journal “Scientia et Fides” are the result of an international scientific project titled “The Dynamic Theodicy Model: Understanding God, Evil, and Evolution.” The project leaders are Prof. Piotr Roszak (Nicolaus Copernicus University) and Prof. Saša Horvat (University of Rijeka), under the auspices of the University of Oxford and the John Templeton Foundation. Other members of the project team include Grzegorz Karwasz, Michał Oleksowicz, Tomasz Huzarek, and Jan Wółkowski.

In this paper we investigate computable isomorphisms of Boolean algebras with operators (BAOs). We prove that there are examples of polymodal Boolean algebras with finitely many computable isomorphism types. We provide an example of a polymodal BAO such that it has exactly one computable isomorphism type but whose expansions by a constant have more than one computable isomorphism type. We also prove a general result showing that BAOs are complete with respect to the degree spectra of structures, computable dimensions, expansions (...) by constants, and the degree spectra of relations. (shrink)

The classical arguments against metaphysics provided by Immanuel Kant, neopositivists and recently by analytical philosophers focus on the problem of meaning. In my paper I would like to shed a little bit of light on different dimensions of this problem in the metaphysical discourse and make a proposition how to overcome the difficulties that arise from this kind of discourse.

In this paper, we are interested in parallels to the classical notions of special subsets in defined in the generalized Cantor and Baire spaces (2κ and ). We consider generalizations of the well‐known classes of special subsets, like Lusin sets, strongly null sets, concentrated sets, perfectly meagre sets, σ‐sets, γ‐sets, sets with the Menger, the Rothberger, or the Hurewicz property, but also of some less‐know classes like X‐small sets, meagre additive sets, Ramsey null sets, Marczewski, Silver, Miller, and Laver‐null sets. (...) We notice that many classical theorems regarding these classes can be relatively easy generalized to higher cardinals although sometimes with some additional assumptions. This paper serves as a catalogue of such results along with some other generalizations and open problems. (shrink)

We present the (Lascar) Galois group of any countable theory as a quotient of a compact Polish group by an F_σ normal subgroup: in general, as a topological group, and under NIP, also in terms of Borel cardinality. This allows us to obtain similar results for arbitrary strong types defined on a single complete type over ∅. As an easy conclusion of our main theorem, we get the main result of [K. Krupiński, A. Pillay and T. Rzepecki, Topological dynamics and (...) the complexity of strong types, Israel J. Math.228 (2018) 863–932] which says that for any strong type defined on a single complete type over ∅, smoothness is equivalent to type-definability. We also explain how similar results are obtained in the case of bounded quotients of type-definable groups. This gives us a generalization of a former result from the paper mentioned above about bounded quotients of type-definable subgroups of definable groups. (shrink)

Reclamation of a slur involves the creation of a new, positively-valenced meaning that gradually replaces the old pejorative meaning. This means that at a critical stage, the slur is ambiguous. It has been claimed that this ambiguity is polysemy. However, it is far from clear whether the view can explain why the introduction of the new meaning forces the old one out of existence. I argue that this datapoint can be explained by invoking the mechanism of homonymic conflict, and, therefore, (...) that the ambiguity involved in reclamation is homonymy. One generalization that follows from my account is that conventionalized verbal irony, unlike conventionalized metonymy and metaphor, begets homonymy. Along the way, I criticize the standard ways of drawing the distinction between polysemy and homonymy in terms of semantic and etymological relatedness. If the notions of polysemy and homonymy are to be invoked in explanations, they should be understood in terms of how meanings are stored in the mental lexicon. My account also provides an elegant way of conceptualizing the difference between two types of conceptual engineering, namely reclamation and amelioration. (shrink)

In this interview, Tomasz Zarębski speaks with Allan Janik, co-author of _Wittgenstein’s Vienna_ (1973, with Stephen Toulmin), on the occasion of the 50 th anniversary of the publication of this pathbreaking book. The conversation concerns the circumstances, motivations and reasons for his undertaking the work on the book, as well as its reception and place in Wittgenstein scholarship. A large part of the discussion refers to his perspective of Wittgenstein, Toulmin’s philosophical writings, and Janik’s own vision of philosophy. The (...) interview took place in Innsbruck on 23 rd and 25 th August 2023. (shrink)

Une grande partie de l’œuvre de de Lubac est consacrée à la pensée de ceux qui contestent la foi chrétienne. Son étude de l’athéisme en suite de ses recherches sur la relation entre nature et surnaturel dans la vie humaine, l’a. conduit notamment à étudier Proud'hon. La recherche des racines de l'athéisme contemporain lui permet d'aboutir à l’exigence de dialogue avec les athées qui peuvent aussi constituer un aiguillon pour la vérité même des croyants. À la clé de ce dialogue, (...) qui connut ses hésitations, il y a la quête d’un humanisme authentique qui ne soit pas contre l’homme, mais pour l’homme, ce que seule, en définitive, peut garantir la foi au Christ. A great part of the works of Henri de Lubac is devoted to the ideas of those who contest Christian faith. His study of atheism that followed his research on the relation of nature and the supernatural in human life, led him especially to the study of Proud’hon. The study of the roots of contemporaneous atheism allowed him to arrive at this need of dialogue with atheists, who could also furnish a prod for truth, even for believers. The key to this dialogue, which had his hesitations, is the search for an authentic humanism that would not be against man, but for man. Ultimately, this alone can be guaranted by the faith in Christ. (shrink)

We show that the variety of residuated lattices is generated by its finite simple members, improving upon a finite model property result of Okada and Terui. The reasoning is a blend of proof-theoretic and algebraic arguments.

This is an attempt to formulate (along the line of H. Field's nominalization program) purely qualitative versions of two theories of space time: Galilean and Minkowskian theories. The starting point is to present qualitative theory for affine geometry, which is based only on one primitive predicate: „between”. Then it is shown that with the help of this predicate whole mathematical structure of affine geometry can be reconstructed as a simple definitional extension. As a next step it is shown in details (...) how the same procedure can be carried out for both theories mentioned above. (shrink)

The paper analyses the notion of attempting in the formal framework of stit.

The Middle English Pearl is known for its mixture of genres, moods and various discourses. The textual journey the readers of the poem embark on is a long and demanding one, leading from elegiac lamentations and the erotic outbursts of courtly love to theological debates and apocalyptic visions. The heterogeneity of the poem has often prompted critics to overlook the continuity of the erotic mode in Pearl which emerges already in the poem’s first stanza. While it is true that throughout (...) the dream vision the language of the text never eroticizes the relationship between the Dreamer and the Pearl Maiden to the extent that it does in the opening lines, the article argues that eroticism actually underlies the entire structure of the vision proper. Taking recourse to Roland Barthes’s distinction between the erotic and the sexual to explain the exact nature of the bond which connects the two characters, the argument posits eroticism as an expression of somatic longing; a careful analysis of Pearl through this prism provides a number of ironic insights into the mutual interactions between the Dreamer and the Maiden and highlights the poignancy of their inability to understand each other. Further conclusions are also drawn from comparing Pearl with a number of Chaucerian dream visions. Tracing the erotic in both its overt and covert forms and following its transformations in the course of the narrative, the article outlines the poet’s creative use of the mechanics of the dream vision, an increasingly popular genre in the period when the poem was written. (shrink)

The article investigates the canonical plays of William Shakespeare—Hamlet, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Tempest—in an attempt to determine the nature of Shakespeare’s position on the early modern tendency to demonize fairy belief and to view fairies as merely a form of demonic manifestation. Fairy belief left its mark on all four plays, to a greater or lesser extent, and intertwined with the religious concerns of the period, it provides an important perspective on the problem of religion in (...) Shakespeare’s works. The article will attempt to establish whether Shakespeare subscribed to the tendency of viewing fairies as demonic agents, as epitomized by the Daemonologie of King James, or opposed it. Special emphasis will also be put on the conflation of fairies and Catholicism that one finds best exemplified in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan. The article draws on a wealth of recent scholarship on early modern fairies, bringing together historical reflection on the changing perception of the fairy figure, research into Shakespeare’s attitude towards Catholicism and analyses of the many facets of anti-Catholic polemic emerging from early modern Protestant discourse. (shrink)

In this paper I present an argument in favour of a parental duty to use preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). I argue that if embryos created in vitro were able to decide for themselves in a rational manner, they would sometimes choose PGD as a method of selection. Couples, therefore, should respect their hypothetical choices on a principle similar to that of patient autonomy. My thesis shows that no matter which moral doctrine couples subscribe to, they ought to conduct the PGD (...) procedure in the situations when it is impossible to implant all of the created embryos and if there is a significant risk for giving birth to a child with a serious condition. (shrink)

Deutsch 2010 (The Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1: 447–460) claims that hypothetical scenarios are evaluated using arguments, not intuitions, and therefore experiments on intuitions are philosophically inconsequential. Using the Gettier case as an example, he identifies three arguments that are supposed to point to the right response to the case. In the paper, I present the results of studies ran on Polish, Indian, Spanish, and American participants that suggest that there’s no deep difference between evaluating the Gettier case with (...) intuitions and evaluating it with Deutsch’s arguments. Specifically, I argue that one would find these arguments persuasive if and only if one is already disposed to exhibit the relevant intuition. (shrink)

The book _Metaphysics in Contemporary Physics_ offers various perspectives on the relation and mutual influence between modern physical theories and analytic metaphysics.

Wyobraźmy sobie następującą scenę. Oto pewien czcigodnie wyglądający, zatopiony w filozoficznych rozmyślaniach mąż stoi nad malowniczą, skalistą zatoką w starożytnej Grecji. Zatoka ta była już wcześniej teatrem wielu morskich potyczek, w których Ateńczycy zmagali się z wrogami. Jej obraz naturalnie nasuwa zatem skojarzenia z minionymi wydarzeniami batalistycznymi. Wtedy to Arystoteles - bo on jest właśnie tym czcigodnym mężem - pod wpływem tej scenerii oraz kultywowanego w ówczesnej Grecji bios theoretikós, zadaje sobie słynne pytanie: czy jutro będzie bitwa morska? Niniejsza praca (...) jest poświęcona jednemu z najbardziej znanych rozumowań greckiego logika i filozofa Diodora Kronosa. Rozumowanie to nazwano rozumowaniem mistrza lub mistrzowskim prawdopodobnie z racji siły, z jaką oddziaływało na słuchaczy. Jak się wydaje, celem rozumowania mistrza było uzasadnienie przekonania, że w świecie empirii nie istnieją czyste możliwości, a więc że to, co jest możliwe, musi się kiedyś zdarzyć. To z kolei sugeruje jakąś formę determinizmu: skoro nie ma możliwości, które nie są i nigdy nie będą zrealizowane. Rozumowanie Diodora nie przetrwało do naszych czasów. Znamy je jedynie z przekazów, które dość lakonicznie opisują jego przedmiot, przesłanki oraz tezę. Jest wiele powodów, nie tylko historycznych, aby sądzić, że Diodor swoim rozumowaniem polemizuje z Arystotelesem. Stagiryta bowiem w swoich klasycznych rozważaniach na temat jutrzejszej bitwy morskiej bronił indeterminizmu, dopuszczając czyste możliwości, a więc zarówno to, że możliwe, iż bitwa morska się zdarzy, jak i to, że możliwe, iż bitwa morska się nie zdarzy. Z tych powodów próba rekonstrukcji oraz analizy rozumowania Diodora powinna nawiązywać do rozważań Arystotelesa, jako że obydwaj myśliciele mają odmienne zdanie na ten sam przedmiot - naturę możliwości, przyszłości i determinizmu, pozostając jednocześnie w ramach tego samego, starożytnego, logiczno-filozoficznego paradygmatu rozważań. Książka nie ma jednak charakteru wyłącznie historycznego. Historia starożytnych rozważań, często przecież nie do końca nam znana lub znana z komentarzy późniejszych doksografów, jest jedynie tłem rozważań bardziej współczesnych. Rozważania te, korzystając z ustaleń filozofii analitycznej oraz narzędzi logiki formalnej, niekiedy mogą nie być nawet wierne kwestiom historycznym, lecz mogą rozwijać elementy merytoryczne, które zostały wyeksponowane przez źródła historyczne. (shrink)

It is shown that the pure implication fragment of the modal logic [3], pp. 385--387) has finitely many non-equivalent formulae in one variable. The exact number of such formulae is not known. We show that this finiteness result is the best possible, since the analogous fragment of S4, and therefore of [3], in two variables has infinitely many non-equivalent formulae.

In this paper, I criticize Ethan Jerzak’s view that ‘want’ has only one sense, the mixed expected utility sense. First, I show that his appeals to ‘really’-locutions fail to explain away the counterintuitive predictions of his view. Second, I present a class of cases, which I call “principled indifference” cases, that pose difficulties for any expected utility lexical entry for ‘want’. I argue that in order to account for these cases, one needs to concede that ‘want’ has a sense, according (...) to which wanting is a matter of subjectively preferring p-alternatives to not-p-alternatives. Finally, I introduce some considerations for and against the view that ‘want’ also has another sense, which is roughly synonymous with ‘need’. (shrink)