Results for 'Tom Ralston'

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  1. Reconceptualising the Psychological Theory of Generics.Tom Ralston - 2024 - Philosophical Studies 181 (11):2973-2995.
    Generics have historically proven difficult to analyse using the tools of formal semantics. In this paper, I argue that an influential theory of the meaning of generics due to Sarah-Jane Leslie, the Psychological Theory of Generics, is best interpreted not as a theory of their meaning, but as a theory of the psychological heuristics that we use to judge whether or not generics are true. I argue that Leslie’s methodology is not well-suited to producing a theory of the meaning of (...)
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  2.  41
    Operationalizing propositions as proposals: Reviving interest in John Dewey's theory of propositional form.Shane J. Ralston - unknown
    Dewey and Russell's debate over the status of logic in the twentieth-century is, by now, well-trodden ground for scholarly inquiry. However, Dewey's novel theory of propositions, first articulated in his 1938 Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, has received comparatively less attention than the debate that touched upon it. The paucity of interest among philosophers of language is probably due to a variety of reasons, such as the theory's unorthodox character and, what at least appears to be, its naive simplicity when (...)
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  3.  94
    Informed Consent and the Requirement to Ensure Understanding.Tom Walker - 2011 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 29 (1):50-62.
    It is generally held that doctors and researchers have an obligation to obtain informed consent. Over time there has been a move in relation to this obligation from a requirement to disclose information to a requirement to ensure that that information is understood. Whilst this change has been resisted, in this article I argue that both sides on this matter are mistaken. When investigating what information is needed for consent to be informed we might be trying to determine what information (...)
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  4.  40
    Enactive artificial intelligence: Investigating the systemic organization of life and mind.Tom Froese & Tom Ziemke - 2009 - Artificial Intelligence 173 (3-4):466-500.
  5. Principlism and Its Alleged Competitors.Tom L. Beauchamp - 1995 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 5 (3):181-198.
    Principles that provide general normative frameworks in bioethics have been criticized since the late 1980s, when several different methods and types of moral philosophy began to be proposed as alternatives or substitutes. Several accounts have emerged in recent years, including: (1) Impartial Rule Theory (supported in this issue by K. Danner Clouser), (2) Casuistry (supported in this issue by Albert Jonsen), and (3) Virtue Ethics (supported in this issue by Edmund D. Pellegrino). Although often presented as rival methods or theories, (...)
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  6.  16
    Ethics education of business leaders: emotional intelligence, virtues, and contemplative learning.Tom E. Culham - 2013 - Charlotte, North Carolina: IAP -- Information Age Publishing.
    Abstract -- Background, context, overview, and guiding philosophy -- Emotional intelligence meets virtue ethics : implications for educators -- Emotional intelligence as a component of business ethics pedagogy -- Nourishing life, the daoist concept of virtue -- Cultivation of virtue (dé) 1 according to the neiye -- Cultivation of virtuous leaders according to the huainanzi -- Is there a place for contemplation and inner work in business ethics education? -- Incorporating the inner work of ei and contemplation in ethics education (...)
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  7.  43
    Rawls and Religion.Tom Bailey & Valentina Gentile (eds.) - 2014 - Columbia University Press.
    John Rawls's influential theory of justice and public reason has often been thought to exclude religion from politics, out of fear of its illiberal and destabilizing potentials. It has therefore been criticized by defenders of religion for marginalizing and alienating the wealth of religious sensibilities, voices, and demands now present in contemporary liberal societies. In this anthology, established scholars of Rawls and the philosophy of religion reexamine and rearticulate the central tenets of Rawls's theory to show they in fact offer (...)
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  8.  71
    Internal and external standards for medical morality.Tom L. Beauchamp - 2001 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26 (6):601 – 619.
    What grounds and justifies conclusions in medical ethics? Is the source external or internal to medicine? Thee influential types of answer have appeared in recent literature: an internal account, an external account, and a mixed internal / external account. The first defends an ethic derived from either the ends of medicine or professional practice standards. The second maintains that precepts in medical ethics rely upon and require justification by external standards such as those of public opinion, law, religious ethics, or (...)
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  9.  78
    Symbolic and nonsymbolic pathways of number processing.Tom Verguts & Wim Fias - 2008 - Philosophical Psychology 21 (4):539 – 554.
    Recent years have witnessed an enormous increase in behavioral and neuroimaging studies of numerical cognition. Particular interest has been devoted toward unraveling properties of the representational medium on which numbers are thought to be represented. We have argued that a correct inference concerning these properties requires distinguishing between different input modalities and different decision/output structures. To back up this claim, we have trained computational models with either symbolic or nonsymbolic input and with different task requirements, and showed that this allowed (...)
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  10.  29
    Life is Precious Because it is Precarious: Individuality, Mortality and the Problem of Meaning.Tom Froese - 2017 - In Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic & Raffaela Giovagnoli, Representation of Reality: Humans, Other Living Organism and Intelligent Machines. Heidelberg: Springer.
    Computationalism aspires to provide a comprehensive theory of life and mind. It fails in this task because it lacks the conceptual tools to address the problem of meaning. I argue that a meaningful perspective is enacted by an individual with a potential that is intrinsic to biological existence: death. Life matters to such an individual because it must constantly create the conditions of its own existence, which is unique and irreplaceable. For that individual to actively adapt, rather than to passively (...)
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  11.  34
    Fixation-dependent memory for natural scenes: An experimental test of scanpath theory.Tom Foulsham & Alan Kingstone - 2013 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 (1):41.
  12.  37
    The Feeling Is Mutual: Clarity of Haptics-Mediated Social Perception Is Not Associated With the Recognition of the Other, Only With Recognition of Each Other.Tom Froese, Leonardo Zapata-Fonseca, Iwin Leenen & Ruben Fossion - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
  13.  20
    An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: A Critical Edition.Tom L. Beauchamp (ed.) - 2000 - Oxford University Press UK.
    about Hume: David Hume is one of the greatest of philosophers. Today he probably ranks highest of all British philosophers in terms of influence and philosophical standing. His philosophical work ranges across morals, the mind, metaphysics, epistemology, and aesthetics; he had broad interests not only in philosophy as it is now conceived but in history, politics, economics, religion, and the arts. He was a master of English prose. about the Clarendon Hume Edition: The Clarendon Hume will include all of his (...)
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  14.  72
    Where Are We in the Justification of Research Involving Chimpanzees?Tom L. Beauchamp, Hope R. Ferdowsian & John P. Gluck - 2012 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 22 (3):211-242.
    On December 15, 2011, a final report was issued by the Committee on the Use of Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research, which had been convened by the U. S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) in collaboration with National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies. Within a month of its release, this report was designated by Wired Science one of the “top scientific discoveries of 2011” (Wired Science Staff 2011). The ad hoc Committee responsible for this report was formed at (...)
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  15.  24
    Why Is There Analytic Epistemology?Tom Vinci - 1994 - Dialogue 33 (3):517-.
  16. Tracking the moral development of journalists: A look at them and their work.Tom Westbrook - 1994 - In James R. Rest & Darcia Narváez, Moral development in the professions: psychology and applied ethics. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates. pp. 189--197.
     
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  17.  45
    An integrative review of attention biases and their contribution to treatment for anxiety disorders.Tom J. Barry, Bram Vervliet & Dirk Hermans - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
  18.  91
    Is Hume Really a Sceptic about Induction?Tom L. Beauchamp & Thomas A. Mappes - 1975 - American Philosophical Quarterly 12 (2):119 - 129.
  19.  60
    The Upper Limits of Pain and Suffering in Animal Research.Tom L. Beauchamp & David B. Morton - 2015 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24 (4):431-447.
  20.  96
    Matters of life and death.Tom L. Beauchamp & Tom Regan (eds.) - 1980 - Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
    Essays raise and discuss moral questions concerning euthanasia, suicide, war, capital punishment, abortion, famine relief, and the environment.
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  21.  25
    Scientific Observation Is Socio-Materially Augmented Perception: Toward a Participatory Realism.Tom Froese - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (2):37.
    There is an overlooked similarity between three classic accounts of the conditions of object experience from three distinct disciplines. Sociology: the “inversion” that accompanies discovery in the natural sciences, as local causes of effects are reattributed to an observed object. Psychology: the “externalization” that accompanies mastery of a visual–tactile sensory substitution interface, as tactile sensations of the proximal interface are transformed into vision-like experience of a distal object. Biology: the “projection” that brings forth an animal’s Umwelt, as impressions on its (...)
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  22.  31
    Introduction.Tom L. Beauchamp - 1988 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 13 (2):121-122.
  23. Mind–Body Causation, Mind–Body Union and the ‘Special Mode of Thinking’ in Descartes.Tom Vinci - 2008 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 16 (3):461 – 488.
  24.  72
    From synthetic modeling of social interaction to dynamic theories of brain–body–environment–body–brain systems.Tom Froese, Hiroyuki Iizuka & Takashi Ikegami - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (4):420 - 421.
    Synthetic approaches to social interaction support the development of a second-person neuroscience. Agent-based models and psychological experiments can be related in a mutually informing manner. Models have the advantage of making the nonlinear brainenvironmentbrain system as a whole accessible to analysis by dynamical systems theory. We highlight some general principles of how social interaction can partially constitute an individual's behavior.
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  25.  93
    Cruelty, Kindness, and Unnecessary Suffering.Tom Regan - 1980 - Philosophy 55 (214):532 - 541.
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  26.  2
    Descartes Reinvented.Tom Sorell - 2005 - Cambridge University Press.
    In this study, Tom Sorell seeks to rehabilitate views that are often instantly dismissed in analytic philosophy. His book serves as a reinterpretation of Cartesianism and responds directly to the dislike of Descartes in contemporary philosophy. To identify what is defensible in Cartesianism, Sorell starts with a picture of unreconstructed Cartesianism, which is characterized as realistic, antisceptical but respectful of scepticism, rationalist, centered on the first person, dualist, and dubious of the comprehensiveness of natural science and its supposed independence of (...)
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  27.  24
    Kant and Idealism.Tom Rockmore - 2007 - Yale University Press.
    Distinguished scholar and philosopher Tom Rockmore examines one of the great lacunae of contemporary philosophical discussion—idealism. Addressing the widespread confusion about the meaning and use of the term, he surveys and classifies some of its major forms, giving particular attention to Kant. He argues that Kant provides the all-important link between three main types of idealism: those associated with Plato, the new way of ideas, and German idealism. The author also makes a case for the contemporary relevance of at least (...)
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  28.  9
    Contestatory Cosmopolitanism.Tom Bailey (ed.) - 2017 - Routledge.
    Contemporary global politics poses urgent challenges – from humanitarian, migratory and environmental problems to economic, religious and military conflicts – that strain not only existing political systems and resources, but also the frameworks and concepts of political thinking. The standard cosmopolitan response is to invoke a sense of global community, governed by such principles as human rights or humanitarianism, free or fair trade, global equality, multiculturalism, or extra-national democracy. Yet, the contours, grounds and implications of such a global community remain (...)
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  29. Stewardship, paternalism and public health: Further thoughts.Tom Baldwin, Roger Brownsword & Harald Schmidt - 2009 - Public Health Ethics 2 (1):113-116.
    Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London * Corresponding author: Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 28 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3JS, UK. Email: hschmidt{at}nuffieldbioethics.org ' + u + '@' + d + ' '//--> Abstract In November 2007, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics published the report Public Health: Ethical Issues . While the report has been welcomed by a wide range of stakeholders, there has also been some criticism. First, it has been suggested that it is not clear why, in developing its ‘stewardship (...)
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  30.  31
    Engaging Post‐Secularism: Rethinking Catholic Politics in Italy.Tom Bailey & Michael D. Driessen - 2017 - Constellations 24 (2):232-244.
  31.  33
    What can a model professional code for bioethics hope to achieve?Tom L. Beauchamp - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (5):42 – 43.
  32.  40
    Making sense of the chronology of Paleolithic cave painting from the perspective of material engagement theory.Tom Froese - 2019 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18 (1):91-112.
    There exists a venerable tradition of interdisciplinary research into the origins and development of Paleolithic cave painting. In recent years this research has begun to be inflected by rapid advances in measurement techniques that are delivering chronological data with unprecedented accuracy. Patterns are emerging from the accumulating evidence whose precise interpretation demands corresponding advances in theory. It seems that cave painting went through several transitions, beginning with the creation of simple lines, dots and disks, followed by hand stencils, then by (...)
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  33.  1
    Philosophical foundations of the curriculum.Tom C. Venable - 1967 - Chicago,: Rand McNally.
  34.  47
    Making principlism practical: A commentary on Gordon, rauprich, and Vollmann.Tom L. Beauchamp - 2011 - Bioethics 25 (6):301-303.
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  35.  11
    Before and After Hegel: A Historical Introduction to Hegel's Thought.Tom Rockmore - 2003 - Hackett Publishing.
    In this engaging and accessible introduction to Hegel's theory of knowledge, Tom Rockmore brings together the philosopher's life, his thought, and his historical moment--without, however, reducing one to another. Laying out the philosophical tradition of German idealism, Rockmore concisely explicates the theories of Kant, Fichte, and Schelling, essential to an understanding of Hegel's thought. He then explores Hegel's formulation of his own position in relation to this tradition and follows Hegel's ideas through the competing interpretations of his successors. Even today, (...)
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  36.  11
    Samen naar de kiezer.Tom Verthé & Kris Deschouwer - 2011 - Res Publica 53 (4):407-428.
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  37.  22
    A method for identifying individual subjects within a group of fish.Tom Vezie & R. Chris Martin - 1974 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 4 (2):87-88.
  38.  24
    Descartes’ General Epistemology: A Contemporary Assessment.Tom Vinci - 2020 - Philosophy Study 10 (7).
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  39.  77
    Happiness: Overcoming the Skill Model.Tom Angier - 2015 - International Philosophical Quarterly 55 (1):5-23.
    I argue that the theory of happiness now dominant among philosophers embraces a flawed, technicizing model that represents happiness as a set of mental states produced by actions and events. This view contrasts with Aristotle’s conception, according to which happiness is not produced by (but is tantamount to) long-term activity and incorporates (but is not reducible to) a set of mental states. I then go on to criticize the skill model of happiness on three main grounds. First, unlike the Aristotelian (...)
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  40.  35
    Introduction.Tom Bailey - 2015 - Critical Horizons 17 (1):1-7.
    This editor's preface introduces a special issue of Critical Horizons on the theme of “contestatory cosmopolitanism.” After identifying the broad failings of the standard cosmopolitan appeal to global community, it presents the defining features of the “contestatory” alternative and introduces the papers in light of them.
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  41. Relativism, multiculturalism, and universal norms : their role in business ethics.Tom L. Beauchamp - 2010 - In George G. Brenkert & Tom L. Beauchamp, The Oxford handbook of business ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
  42.  12
    Ayn Rand's theory of knowledge: a commentary.Tom Porter - 1999 - Reseda, Calif.: T. Porter.
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  43.  55
    Sublimity and the Ends of Reason: Questions for Deligiorgi.Tom Hanauer - 2016 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 74 (2):195-199.
    The sublime has come under severe criticism in recent years. Jane Forsey, for instance, has argued that all theories of the sublime “rest on a mistake”. In her article, “The Pleasures of Contra-purposiveness: Kant, the Sublime, and Being Human,” Katerina Deligiorgi () provides a rejoinder to Forsey. Deligiorgi argues—with the help of Kant—that a coherent theory of the sublime is possible, and she provides a sketch for such a theory. Deligiorgi makes good progress in the debate over the sublime. But (...)
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  44.  8
    Symposium.Tom Plato, Anthony Griffith, Tom Quinton & Phillips - 1994 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Robin Waterfield.
    In this celebrated masterpiece Plato imagines a high-society dinner party in Athens in 416 B.C. at which the guests each deliver a short speech in praise of love.
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  45.  11
    Le visage de l'autre.Emmanuel Lévinas & Martin tom Dieck - 2001
    Ce livre-d'art s'articule autour de 30 citations du philosophe Emmanuel Levinas illustrées par le peintre Martin Tom Dieck.
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  46. The Three Phases of Intuitionism.Tom Baldwin - 2002 - In Philip Stratton-Lake, Ethical Intuitionism: Re-Evaluations. Oxford University Press UK.
     
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  47.  48
    Interactively guided introspection is getting science closer to an effective consciousness meter.Tom Froese - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (2):672-676.
    The ever-increasing precision of brain measurement brings with it a demand for more reliable and fine-grained measures of conscious experience. However, introspection has long been assumed to be too limited and fallible. This skepticism is primarily based on a series of classic psychological experiments, which suggested that more is seen than can be retrospectively reported , and that we can be easily fooled into retrospectively describing intentional choices that we have never made . However, the work by Petitmengin, Remillieux, Cahour, (...)
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  48.  46
    Not convenience, but dignity: the stature of disabled people.Tom Shakespeare - 2008 - Clinical Ethics 3 (1):2-3.
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  49.  19
    Motivation and Experience Versus Cognitive Psychological Explanation.Tom Feldges - 2018 - Humana Mente 11 (33).
    The idea to utilise cognitive neuroscientific research for educational purposes is known as Mind-Brain Education or Educational Neuroscience. Despite some calls for an uncritical endorsement of such an agenda, a growing number of educational scholars argue that it must remain impossible to translate neurological descriptions into mental or educationally relevant descriptions. This paper takes these well-established arguments further by not only focusing upon these different levels of description but going beyond this issue to assess the theoretical foundations of cognitive science (...)
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  50. Lowe on modalities de re.Tom Baldwin - 1984 - Mind 93 (370):252-255.
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