In the field of germline development in amniote vertebrates, primordial germ cell (PGC) specification in birds and reptiles remains controversial. Avians are believed to adopt a predetermination or maternal specification mode of PGC formation, contrary to an inductive mode employed by mammals and, supposedly, reptiles. Here, we revisit and review some key aspects of PGC development that channelled the current subdivision, and challenge the position of birds and reptiles as well as the ‘binary’ evolutionary model of PGC development in vertebrates. (...) We propose an alternative view on PGC specification where germ plasm plays a role in laying the foundation for the formation of PGC precursors (pPGC), but not necessarily of PGCs. Moreover, inductive mechanisms may be necessary for the transition from pPGCs to PGCs. Within this framework, the implementation of data from birds and reptiles could provide new insights on the evolution of PGC specification in amniotes. (shrink)

O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em apresentar uma reflexão sobre os paradigmas existentes e emergentes frente a um contexto teórico-científico e a necessidade de mudança devido aos desafios enfrentados em determinados momentos. Assim, o texto, de abordagem qualitativa e caracterizado como uma revisão bibliográfica, contextualiza acerca deste braço da filosofia que trata da natureza da pesquisa científica, do conhecimento no campo educacional, não somente do âmbito da epistemologia, mas também da fundamentação dos paradigmas das ciências e da educação, e (...) do conhecimento científico. As questões metodológicas estão diretamente relacionadas com essa reflexão sobre os resultados significativos e o que precisa ser modificado a partir de uma análise sobre o contexto social em que se está inserido. Para fundamentar este artigo, se apresentam as contextualizações que dialogam em torno de autores como Alda Judith Alves-Mazzotti, Pierre Bourdieu, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Bernard Charlot, Edgar Morin, Thomas Kuhn e Mario Osório Marques. Portanto, o artigo expõe no seu panorama científico uma resposta às imposições das ciências na contemporaneidade, sem o rompimento com o passado e suas tradições, mas apresentando um olhar voltado para o futuro. A partir dessa perspectiva, precisamos ter clareza do campo científico em que estamos inseridos, conhecendo de fato suas peculiaridades para optarmos por um método que contemple as necessidades apresentadas, tendo segurança do que estamos fazendo. Enfim, pode-se concluir que os profissionais da educação precisam de uma base de pesquisa científica sólida para terem subsídios necessários ao experimentarem novas metodologias em suas práticas pedagógicas que sejam significativas para os estudantes. (shrink)

Within the context of the contemporary heterogeneity of photographic practices, the present text describes some of the possibilities of understanding the temporality of photographs, giving an account of some important theoretical references. Bearing this in mind, describing photographs as sparks of reality is a way of expanding the Benjaminian proposal and avoiding the strict logics of causality. The strength of photography unfolds the technologically rooted paradox of photographs, whose contemporary relevance can be analysed in the intersection between aesthetics, history and (...) politics. The film 48, by the Portuguese filmmaker Susana Sousa Dias, explores this intersection by using and showing the cracks of the political prisoners’ mug shots. (shrink)

Previous research has shown that student plagiarism is the product of interplay between individual and situational factors. The present study examined the relationship between these two sets of factors with a particular focus on variables linked to students’ academic context namely, their perception of peer behaviors, their experience of adversities in academic life, and their year of enrollment. So far, these situational features have received scant attention in studies of plagiarism conducted in most of Europe. A survey was carried out (...) in a European higher education institution, involving a sample of 427 undergraduates. The data was analyzed via both conventional univariate and bivariate statistical analysis, and multivariate, multilevel modeling. The results suggest that awareness of peer plagiarizing and the experience of hardships in academic life, rather than level of academic achievement or year of study, are significantly related to plagiarizing, whereas heightened perception of the seriousness of plagiarism is associated with a lower likelihood of this type of behavior. The study also shows that students who plagiarize are more likely to be involved in other types of academic misconduct. (shrink)

When faced with the charge that a given concept of God is contradictory, the standard move among philosophers and theologians has been to try to explain away the contradiction and show that the concept of God in question is consistent. This has to do, of course, with the Law of Non-Contradiction (LNC). Another option, which has recently generated interest among logicians and analytic philosophers of religion, is to reject such a move as unnecessary and defend what might be called the (...) contradictory God thesis. To be sure, something close to that can be found in philosophers such as Pseudo-Dionysius, Thomas Aquinas and Nicolaus de Cusa. However, it is only recently that this approach has gained momentum, certainly driven by the contemporary advance of dialetheism and glut theoretic approaches in general, and paraconsistent logic. Needless to say, a standard move among defenders of the contradictory God thesis is to challenge the LNC. The argumentation, however, is seldomly framed in conceptual terms. Instead, it is mostly framed in ontological terms, as God being a contradictory entity. From this perspective, the contradictory God thesis is the thesis that God is a contradictory object. My goal in this paper is to provide a conceptual assessment of the discussion surrounding the contradictory God thesis. To achieve this, I make use of a general and hopefully non-controversial meta-theory of concepts and adopt a semantic approach rather than a metaphysical one. Within this framework, I address the following questions: What are the different ways we can understand the contradictory God thesis? What grounds are there for rejecting a contradictory concept of God? What standard moves are available to defend oneself from such criticisms and how do they relate to the LNC? What challenges do they present? As a secondary goal, the paper introduces a novel defense of the contradictory God thesis, drawing on a specific interpretation of the theology of the 16th-century Indian thinker Jīva Gosvāmī, which avoids the need to challenge the LNC. I term this approach ‘non-dialetheic mystical contradictory theism.’. (shrink)

Exploring the struggles against moral and cultural imperialism.

In this paper I present a formalization of the theory of ideal concepts applied to the concept of God. It is done within a version of the Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML) and attempts to solve three meta-problems related to the concept of God: the unicity of extension problem, the homogeneity/heterogeneity problem and the problem of conceptual unity.

Servant leadership has been theorized as a model where the moral virtue of humility co-exists with action-driven behavior. This article provides an empirical study that tests how these two apparently paradoxical aspects of servant leadership interact in generating follower engagement, while considering the hierarchical power of the leader as a contingency variable. Through a three-way moderation model, a study was conducted based on a sample of 232 people working in a diverse range of companies. The first finding is that humble (...) leaders showed the highest impact on follower engagement regardless of their hierarchical position. Less humble leaders in lower hierarchical positions seem to be able to compensate for that through a strong action-oriented leadership style. Most notably for leaders in high hierarchical positions, the moral virtue of humility seems to strengthen the impact of their action-oriented leadership the most. These findings provide empirical support and a better understanding of the interplay between the moral virtue of humility and the action-oriented behaviors of servant leadership. (shrink)

Emotional self-regulation in childhood and adolescence constitutes a growing interest in the scientific community, highlighting in recent years the need to observe its development in their daily life. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to characterize publications referring to the development of emotional self-regulation of people under 18 years-old, in natural contexts. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, searches are carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO databases, and in Google Scholar until May 2020. After reviewing (...) the full text of 376 publications, 14 works are selected that are observed in their extrinsic, substantive and methodological characteristics based on the GREOM and MQCOM guidelines, by two independent evaluators. Most of the studies correspond to the last 20 years, increasing the interest in observing older children, in interaction with adults and/or in different cultures. They apply mixed methodologies, not always ascribing to a low intensity design. Strengths are observed regarding the collection and analysis of the quality of the data; and weaknesses related to the failure to record the duration and sequence of behaviors, highlighting the use of guidelines as guides for future research. (shrink)

At the core of the sense of agency for self-produced action is the sense that I, and not some other agent, am producing and directing those actions. While there is an ever-expanding body of empirical research investigating the sense of agency for bodily action, there has, to date, been little empirical investigation of the sense of agency for thought. The present study uses the novel Mind-to-Mind paradigm, in which the agentive source of a target thought is ambiguous, to measure misattributions (...) of agency. Seventy-two percent of participants made at least one misattribution of agency during a 5-min trial. Misattributions were significantly more frequent when the target thought was an arousing negative thought as compared to a neutral control. The findings establish a novel protocol for measuring the sense of agency for thought, and suggest that both contextual factors and emotional experience play a role in its generation. (shrink)

My purpose in this paper is to clarify or explicate the concept of theodicy. More specifically, I shall provide an account of the concept that takes its logical aspects seriously into consideration as well as satisfies the basic intuitions philosophers of religions have had about it. This shall be done by systematically analysing the several theodical conditions found in the literature. As it shall be seen, these conditions are logically related to one another; collectively, they point not to one, but (...) to several concepts of theodicy. Thus, as by-product of this explicatory endeavour, I shall provide a logically guided, I may say, analysis of such conditions as well as a systematization of the theodical concepts arising from them. I shall follow what might be termed a semiformal approach; despite not developing a full logical theory, I use the standard notation and some important results from the field of formal logic. (shrink)

. Time, baroque codes and canonization. Cultural Values: Vol. 2, No. 2-3, pp. 403-420.

Le dispositif des groupes multifamiliaux favorise l’expression et l’élabora-tion des conflits psychiques chez chaque participant, notamment à partir d’une approche originale dite « de confrontation intergénérationnelle ». À travers le cas de trois adolescentes enclines aux actings et aux manifestations comportementales, les auteurs montrent comment ces groupes thérapeutiques conduisent non seulement à l’élaboration de conflits réels intersubjectifs entre les adolescents et leurs parents tels qu’ils se les présentent dans la réalité, mais aussi au renforcement de leur activité fantasmatique et in (...) fine au réaménagement des liens intergénérationnels. (shrink)

Induction, conceived as the class of rational non-truth preserving inferences, has been a perennial problem in philosophy. Aside from the problem of justification of induction, a less debated issue is the problem of properly describing inductive inferences. The purpose of this book is to conceptually investigate this descriptive problem of induction from the standpoint of the nonmonotonic logical tradition raised inside the field of Artificial Intelligence in the last thirty years. As we try to show, an essential part of this (...) enterprise involves the analysis of a pragmatically oriented notion of probability, called by us inductive plausibility. This in turn is made from the viewpoint of paraconsistency ? which according to some is the unavoidable companion of nonmonotonicity ? and modal logic. We therefore put forward a nonmonotonic, paraconsistent and modal approach to induction and plausibility. The book shall be useful to philosophers, logicians and computer scientists interested in the problem of induction in general and in the logical analysis of induction and plausibility in particular. (shrink)

In September 2018, a controversial judicial sentence concerning sexual violence caused a public outcry in Portugal. The court decision invoked the alleged environment of mutual seduction, the use of much alcohol consumption, and the lack of serious injuries to justify the suspended penalty. Stemming from the idea that understandings of what journalism is and what it should be are profoundly ideological and that notions of what it means to be and to behave like a woman and as a man have (...) been developed based on shifting realities within generalised patriarchal structures, this article intends to critically analyse the news media coverage of the controversial judicial sentence on this rape case in Portugal exploring the implications objective-based journalism entails for gender equality. As such, it will identify the shortcomings of objectivity and its leeway when covering sexual violence exploring how objective-based journalism provides room to negotiate practices, norms, identities, and meanings concerning sexual violence, particularly rape and rape myths, and questioning whether a margin of maneuvre is enough to deconstruct patriarchal assumptions of feminity, masculinity and sexuality. (shrink)

En este artículo se desarrolla la hipótesis de que el conocimiento de la sustancia pensante en las Meditaciones sobre la filosofía primera y en Objeciones y Respuestas no es claramente explicitado por René Descartes. Se entiende que tal exposición es necesaria para una comprensión integral delestatus de la filosofía cartesiana en el momento de redactar las Meditaciones y, principalmente, paraasimilar cómo concebía Descartes el conocimiento de la sustancia pensante en los años 1641 y 1642.El conocimiento de la sustancia pensante es, (...) como se sabe, un elemento fundamental para toda la filosofía cartesiana. Para ello, se recurre, primeramente, a los dos modos en que Descartes presentael conocimiento de la sustancia pensante en las Meditaciones, destacando los problemas que cadauno de estos conlleva. Posteriormente, a partir de las Objeciones y Respuestas, principalmentela quinta y la séptima, se presenta las críticas de Pierre Gassendi y Pierre Bourdin sobre elconocimiento de la sustancia pensante. Tanto Gassendi como Bourdin subrayan que el texto deMeditaciones no es suficiente para esclarecer de qué manera la sustancia pensante es conocida. En este sentido, Gassendi y Bourdin cuestionan la posibilidad de este conocimiento, destacando la ambiguedad y oscuridad de las respuestas cartesianas. Se concluye que en las Meditaciones,Descartes enfrenta una brecha insalvable entre la ontología de la sustancia y su conocimiento, loque lo llevará a desarrollar y explicar mejor su teoría en escritos posteriores. (shrink)

O debate a respeito do modelo socioeconômico capitalista e socialista permanece ativo nas sociedades atuais. Os pressupostos de ambos se estabelecem como irreconciliáveis entre si. Tentativas de diálogo, entretanto, para efeito de orientação à vida política e social têm sido feitos. No interior dessa querela reside um ponto de investigação – estudo e pesquisa – para a filosofia social e filosofia política: em um cenário capitalista de forma de vida organizacional, de que modo o socialismo ainda pode responder satisfatoriamente aos (...) ditames da razão capitalista bem como aos seus desdobramentos que causam tanto sofrimento social? Levando em consideração as assertivas supracitas, pretendo, neste artigo, explicitar, sob a perspectiva da pesquisa crítica (teoria crítica e filosofia social) o argumento honnethiano acerca do socialismo enquanto condição possível de se estabelecer como uma forma de vida democrática cujo fundamento se situa na efetividade da liberdade social (Soziale Freiheit). (shrink)

This paper is an effort to realize and explore the connections that exist between nonmonotonic logic and confirmation theory. We pick up one of the most wide-spread nonmonotonic formalisms – default logic – and analyze to what extent and under what adjustments it could work as a logic of induction in the philosophical sense. By making use of this analysis, we extend default logic so as to make it able to minimally perform the task of a logic of induction, having (...) as a result a system which we believe has interesting properties from the standpoint of theory of confirmation. It is for instance able to represent chains of inductive rules as well as to reason paraconsistently on the conclusions obtained from them. We then use this logic to represent some traditional ideas concerning confirmation theory, in particular the ones proposed by Carl Hempel in his classical paper "Studies in the Logic of Confirmation" of 1945 and the ones incorporated in the so-called abductive and hy-pothetico-deductive models. (shrink)

A questão da racionalidade e o desenvolvimento de uma teoria da argumentação são centrais no pensamento habermasiano. Partindo sobretudo do primeiro capítulo da Teoria da ação comunicativa, o artigo pretende analisar a noção de racionalidade proposta por Habermas, o que implica questões de natureza filosófica e sociológica, e também expor as bases de sua teoria da argumentação, realizando uma análise do discurso argumentativo e apresentando as críticas feitas a Toulmin, Klein e Tugendhat.

Discute-se aqui as aproximações e distanciamentos sobre o cuidado via as contribuições do pensamento de Heidegger e de Foucault. Interessa-nos saber sobre as ideias de autocuidado articuladas por Martin Heidegger e de cuidado de sí, conforme Michel Foucault, analisando as convergências e as divergências. Lançou-se mão da sistematização contrastiva de modo a ressaltar os encontros e desencontros entre os pensadores. Há aproximações no que se refere a importância dada a questão do cuidar como algo constituidor do ser humano, mas os (...) distanciamentos se dão pelo modo como os sentidos de cuidado são concebidos. As aproximações e distanciamentos quanto a autocuidado e cuidado de si pensados por Heidegger e Michel Foucault nos lança a refletir que cada pensador fora atravessado por singularidades, processos históricos, sociais e culturais, desdobrando em compreensões específicas em torno do cuidado. (shrink)

As pesquisas de teor educacional em andamento na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia são em número de cinco. Tematicamente diversificadas, abarcam desde a pré-escola até 3º grau, canalizando-se todas para as áreas da História da Educação e da Sociologia da Educação. Abaixo, segue uma descrição sumária das mesmas: 1º) intitulando-se "A Política de Integração da Universidade com a Escola de 1º Grau: A Formação do Professor", objetiva avaliar a prática pedagógica em vigência nas escolas de 1º grau, como decorrência da perspectiva (...) formadora exercida pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Tal avaliação tenciona integrar o 1º e 3º graus em Uberlândia, ressaltando-se ar os subsídios para a reflexão sobre os cursos de Licenciatura na mesma Universidade. 2º) Denominada "Diagnóstico do Ensino na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia", tal pesquisa se inscreve como participante da discussão sobre a temática de avaliação da universidade brasileira. Tem mira ouvir os vários segmentos (alunos, professores, funcionários e administradores). Ela espera subsidiar as decisões sobre os rumos do ensino universitário nessa instituição. 3º) O projeto de pesquisa, "Avaliação do Ensino no Curso de Letras da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia", tem o mesmo teor do anterior, afetando apenas o Curso de Letras. [...] Palavras-chave: UFU; Pesquisas educacionais. (shrink)

El presente artículo se dedica al tema del papel de la filosofía en Latinoamérica. El objetivo consiste en reflexionar sobre la importancia de la filosofía en el contexto de la contemporaneidad y, en el caso de América Latina, de su problemática social. Escándalos de corrupción en países como México y Brasil, sólo es la punta del iceberg de toda una situación estructural que impide que los procesos de la administración pública se den de manera coherente, eficiente y transparente. Con metodología (...) cualitativa y teórica, busca revisar críticamente los conceptos, visiones y preceptos fundamentales de nuestra cultura regional para valorarlos y tener un punto de referencia ante la oferta de rutas de comportamiento descomprometidas con el ser humano. Los resultados de la investigación señalan que la filosofía social es de gran importancia, abordando los problemas generales de la sociedad para que no se pierda la visión sobre lo humano. Aunque las ciencias sociales hayan avanzado mucho, con grandes resultados, no podemos quedarnos solamente con estos estudios pues negaríamos la posibilidad de recrear y alimentar la visión del ser humano; nos quedaríamos con una marcada tendencia hacia ciencia instrumental cimentada en un escepticismo ontológico, ético y antropológico. En este sentido, dejar de hacer filosofía sobre los problemas sociales es seguirles el juego a los escépticos del ser humano, es dejar que en nombre de la ciencia se aniquile la verdad; cosa vergonzosa, pues la búsqueda de la verdad es lo que le da sentido desde sus inicios a la actividad científica. Los problemas generales de la sociedad deben ser abordados también desde la filosofía para que la visión sobre lo humano de las personas no se pierda. Palabras clave: Importancia de la filosofía. Filosofía social. Latinoamérica. Filosofía y contemporaneidad. (shrink)

BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Therapy is delivered in most of the early intervention services for psychosis in different countries around the world. This approach has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing or at least delaying the onset of psychosis. However, none of them directly affect the comorbidity of these types of patients that is often the main cause of distress and dysfunctionality. The Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is a psychological intervention that combines cognitive-behavioral and third-generation techniques (...) that address emotional dysregulation as an underlying mechanism that these disorders have in common. The application of this intervention could improve the comorbid emotional symptoms of these patients.Materials and methodsThe study is a randomized controlled trial in which one group receives immediate UP plus standard intervention and the other is placed on a waiting list to receive UP 7 months later, in addition to standard care in one of our early psychosis programs. The sample will be 42 patients with UHR for psychosis with comorbid emotional symptoms. The assessment is performed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and at 3-months’ follow-up, and includes: general psychopathology, anxiety and depression, positive and negative emotions, emotional dysregulation, personality, functionality, quality of life, cognitive distortions, insight, and satisfaction with the UP intervention.DiscussionThis will be the first study of the efficacy, acceptability, and viability of the UP in a sample of young adults with UHR. The results of this study may have clinical implications, contributing to improving the model of care for young people who consult for underlying psychotic, anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms that can lead to high distress and dysfunctionality.Clinical trial registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT04929938]. (shrink)

Neste artigo, abordo algumas questões de ordem superior envolvendo o conceito de Deus que surgem dentro de um contexto pluralista: o problema da unidade conceitual, o problema da unicidade de extensão e o problema da homogeneidade/heterogeneidade. Minha proposta para resolver essas questões envolve uma teoria especial híbrida de conceitos, chamada de teoria de conceitos ideais. Argumento que, quando adicionada a uma visão pluralista de conceitos, e formalizada dentro de uma estrutura de mundos possíveis, tal teoria fornece uma resposta satisfatória a (...) esses problemas. A formalização é feita a partir de uma versão específica da Lógica Modal Quantificada Mais Simples (SQML, do inglês Simplest Quantified Modal Logic), e sua apresentação é exclusivamente semântica, mantendo detalhes técnicos a um nível mínimo. (shrink)

A sala de aula era clara, arejada, ampla e comportava vinte e cinco crianças de 6 anos de idade. Elas moravam num bairro da periferia da cidade, onde estava localizada a escota. Eram, portanto, crianças filhas de famílias de baixa renda. A professora era jovem, entusiasmada, democrática, residia perto da escola, fazendo parte da mesma comunidade das crianças. Ela estava fortemente incorporada pelo trabalho pedagógico fundamentado em Freinet. A classe era dividida em "ateliers", que as crianças chamavam de "caninhos", distribuídos (...) da seguinte maneira: o cantinho da Construção, cujos materiais eram blocos de madeira, caixas de papelão em diversos tamanhos e paus de vassoura coloridos, grandes, médios e pequenos; o das Artes continha tintas, pincéis, giz, giz de cera, lápis de cor, "a caixa de carimbos", papel jornal, roupas usadas de adulto, maquiagem, cola, tesoura e material de sucata; o cantinho da Escrita guardava o quadro-negro, lápis, cadernos de desenho grandes, folhas de papel de computador, papel pardo e papel sulfit; no da Biblioteca estavam os livros de estória e revistas diversas; o do Museu era identificado por objetos curiosos trazidos de casa pelas crianças, tais como pedras consideradas por elas diferentes e bonitas, vidros contendo areia colorida trabalhada artisticamente. [...] Palavras-chave: Carimbos; Pré-Escola; Biblioteca escolar. (shrink)

Se estudia la producción poética primera de la escritora barcelonesa Susana March (1915-1990) perteneciente a la Generación del 36. Su actividad poética más fecunda cabe datarla en el periodo de 1938-1953. Razones de estrechez económica la obligaron, junto con su marido Ricardo Fernández de la Reguera, a producir una literatura de carácter comercial. Se analizan sus poemarios: Rutas, Poemas de la Plaza Real y La pasión desvelada.

Este artigo apresenta memórias da experiência docente de uma jovem que se tornou negra na Universidade, reconfigurando assim a forma de se posicionar no mundo acadêmico e na vida pessoal. Os relatos são apresentados em forma de carta, um recurso metodologicamente criativo, conforme Figueiredo (2015), que aproxima a narrativa de acontecimentos em diálogo com autoras negras, preferencialmente. Ao relatar sua experiência, a autora toma a ideia de espelhos que se constroem e são construídos a partir de vivências acadêmicas. Ao utilizar (...) o “tornar-se negro”, conceito cunhado por Neuza Santos Souza (1983), como fio de condução desse diálogo, é possível refletir com criticidade sobre as dificuldades e apagamentos na difusão de pensadoras e pensadores negros na ciência, principalmente em ciências sociais aplicadas. Dessa forma, este trabalho sugere uma (re)descontrução dos componentes curriculares em todos os cursos do ensino superior para que discussões e conhecimentos produzidos no Brasil incorporem os saberes da intelectualidade negra desse país, efetivando a transformação social. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Metodologicamente, constitui-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir da qual realiza uma incursão crítico-analítica sobre alguns momentos da história da EJA para em seguida apontar algumas lições aprendidas. Conclui afirmando que a Ética da Libertação pode constituir-se em subsídio para a elaboração de novos horizontes de práxis de libertação no âmbito da educação brasileira e instiga à realização de pesquisas sobre a educação e suas relações com a Ética (...) da Libertação como meio de pensar em novos horizontes teórico-práticos para a EJA. (shrink)

This book analyses the concepts of God in Vaisnavism, which is commonly referred to as one of the great Hindu monotheistic traditions. Addressing the question of what attributes God possesses according to particular textual sources and traditions in Vaisnavism, the book analyses Vaisnava traditions and texts in order to locate them within a global philosophical framework. The book is divided into two sections. The first one, God in Vaisnava Texts, deals with concepts of God found in the canonical Vaisnava texts: (...) the Bhavagad Gita, the Bhagavata Purana, the Pancaratras, and the Mahabharata. The second section, God in Vaisnava Traditions, addresses concepts of God found in several Vaisnava traditions and their respective key theologians. As well as the Alvars, five traditional Vaisnava schools- the Sri Vaisnava tradition, the Madhva tradition, the Nimbarka tradition, the Pustimarga tradition, and the Caitanya Vaisnava tradition- and two contemporary ones Ramakrishna's and Swami Bhaktivedanta's are considered. The book combines normative, critical and descriptive elements. Some chapters are philosophical in nature, others are more descriptive, unpacking a specific Vaiṣṇava concept of God for future philosophical analysis and critique. Written by experts who break new ground in presenting and representing a diversity of Vaiṣṇava texts and tradition, the book presents approaches that reflect the amount of philosophical and historical deliberation on the specific issues and divine attributes considered. This book will be of interest to researchers in the fields of philosophy of religion and Indian philosophy, cross-cultural and comparative philosophy, analytic philosophy of religion, Hindu studies, theology and religious studies. (shrink)

G.E. Moore's philosophical legacy is ambiguous. On the one hand, Moore has a special place in the hearts of many contemporary analytic philosophers. He is, after all, one of the fathers of the movement, his broadly commonsensical methodology informing how many contemporary analytic philosophers practise their craft. On the other hand, many contemporary philosophers keep Moore's own substantive positions at arm's distance. According to many epistemologists, one can find no finer example of how to beg the question than Moore's case (...) against the sceptic. And, according to many moral philosophers, one can find no more vivid case of philosophical extravagance than Moore's non-naturalism. Given this ambiguity, one wonders: How should we assess Moore's legacy in epistemology and ethics – the two areas of philosophy in which Moore did most of his work?That is the task of this welcome collection of 16 essays. The list of contributors to the book is impressive: Crispin Wright, Ernest Sosa, Ram Neta, William Lycan, C.A.J. Cody, Paul Snowdon, Michael Huemer and Roy Sorenson consider Moore's work in epistemology. Stephen Darwall, Terry Horgan, Mark Timmons, Richard Fumerton, Charles Pigden, Robert Shaver, Joshua Gert, Jonathan Dancy and the editors of the book explore Moore's views in ethics. As one might expect, given this list of contributors, the quality of the essays is very high. Moreover, there is a decidedly constructive tone to many of them. While not willing to overlook Moore's mistakes, many of the essays endeavour to explore what is valuable in Moore's thought, critically engaging with positions that, not too long …. (shrink)

All biotechnology-related promises are based upon its technological potential; yet, many of these promises assure the solution for chronic socio-economic problems in the Third World through a new technological revolution in agriculture. The forecasting is that such a revolution will start delivering its most profound impact early in the 21st century. However, 11 years before the year 2000, a critical analysis of its promises against its current trends indicates that the future use and impact of biotechnology in the Third World (...) rely presently upon crucial contradictions.As a result of such contradictions—Social Goals vs. Private Gains, Social Problems vs. Technical Solutions, Agricultural vs. Industrial Revolution, Cooperation vs. Competition, and Control over Nature vs. Control Over People—there is a high likelihood that (1) traditional farming will become increasingly obsolete, (2) technological and economic dependence of developing on developed countries will persist and even increase, (3) food and fiber production will be increasingly dislocated from developing to developed countries and from farms to industries, (4) the market for specific tropical products will be destroyed and therefore entire economies may collapse, (5) hunger and poverty will persist and even increase, and (6) social unrest may increase worldwide. (shrink)

Taking literally the concept of emotional truth requires breaking the monopoly on truth of belief-like states. To this end, I look to perceptions for a model of non-propositional states that might be true or false, and to desires for a model of propositional attitudes the norm of which is other than the semantic satisfaction of their propositional object. Those models inspire a conception of generic truth, which can admit of degrees for analogue representations such as emotions; belief-like states, by contrast, (...) are digital representations. I argue that the gravest problem-objectivity-is not insurmountable. /// [Adam Morton] It is accuracy rather than truth itself that is valuable. Emotional truth is a dubious though attractive notion, but emotional accuracy is much easier to make sense of. My approach to accuracy goes via an account of what makes a story accurate. Stories can be accurate but not true, and emotions can be accurate whether or not they are true. The capacity for emotional accuracy, for emotions that fit a person's situation, is an aspect of emotional intelligence, which is as important an aspect of rational human agency as the intelligent formation of beliefs and desires. (shrink)

The dynamic of changes in the rules in team games materialize from research and debate between experts and coaches before being implemented by the International Federations. In Handball, the last changes occurred in 2016, and one of them was to substitute the goalkeeper with an additional field player allowing teams to play “empty goal” while using the additional field player.This study aimed to analyze and characterize the use of the 7 vs. 6 strategical-tactical option for the attack in the 2020 (...) Men’s European Championship. We also analyzed whether the game time and partial score influenced the use of 7 vs. 6 and its efficiency. Observational methodology and a mixed ad hoc instrument combining field format and category systems validated by experts were used. Data were taken from 28 matches involving teams in the first 12 positions in the 2020 Men’s European Championship. The total number of offensive sequences in an organized attack method in 7 vs. 6 with an empty goal were analyzed. Sequential analysis techniques with lags, prospective and retrospective, and polar coordinate analysis were used. The results showed that these solutions had poor efficiency, except for the Portuguese National Team; teams using the 7 vs. 6 tactic option had no negative consequences or increased risk with the opponent response; partial score influenced the decision to use 7 vs. 6 strategic option, and game time was associated with 7 vs. 6 play options and detected patterns. (shrink)

The attempt to hold both anti-individualism and privileged self-knowledge may have the absurd consequence that someone could know a priori propositions that are knowable only empirically. This would be so if such an attempt entailed that one could know a priori both the contents of one’s own thoughts and the anti-individualistic entailments from those thought-contents to the world. For then one could also come to know a priori the empirical conditions entailed by one’s thoughts. But I argue that there is (...) no construal of a priori knowledge that could be used to raise an incompatibility problem of this sort. First, I suggest that the incompatibilist a priori must be a stipulative one, since in none of the main philosophical traditions does knowledge of the contents of one’s thoughts count as a priori. Then, I show that under various possible construals of a priori, the incompatibilist argument would be invalid: either a fallacy of equivocation or an argument without a plausible closure principle guaranteeing transmission of epistemic status from premises to conclusion. Finally, I maintain that the only possible construal of the property of being knowable a priori that avoids invalidity is one that fails to generate the intended reductio. (shrink)