Results for 'Sociotechnical systems'

965 found
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  1.  18
    Sociotechnical Systems.Maarten Franssen & Peter Kroes - 2012 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks, A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 223–226.
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  2.  34
    Revisiting sociotechnical systems in a case of unreported use of health information exchange system in three hospital emergency departments.Mustafa Ozkaynak & Patricia Flatley Brennan - 2013 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 19 (2):370-373.
  3.  42
    A sociotechnical system perspective on AI.Olya Kudina & Ibo van de Poel - 2024 - Minds and Machines 34 (3):1-9.
  4.  30
    Self-Organization in Network Sociotechnical Systems.Svetlana Maltseva, Vasily Kornilov & Vladimir Barakhnin - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-24.
    We can observe self-organization properties in various systems. However, modern networked dynamical sociotechnical systems have some features that allow for realizing the benefits of self-organization in a wide range of systems in economic and social areas. The review examines the general principles of self-organized systems, as well as the features of the implementation of self-organization in sociotechnical systems. We also delve into the production systems, in which the technical component is decisive, and (...)
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  5. Microethics for healthcare data science: attention to capabilities in sociotechnical systems.Mark Graves & Emanuele Ratti - 2021 - The Future of Science and Ethics 6:64-73.
    It has been argued that ethical frameworks for data science often fail to foster ethical behavior, and they can be difficult to implement due to their vague and ambiguous nature. In order to overcome these limitations of current ethical frameworks, we propose to integrate the analysis of the connections between technical choices and sociocultural factors into the data science process, and show how these connections have consequences for what data subjects can do, accomplish, and be. Using healthcare as an example, (...)
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  6.  7
    A Sociotechnical Mapping of Domestic Biomass Heating Systems in Austria.Harald Rohracher - 2002 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 22 (6):474-483.
    Introducing the perspective of science and technology studies (STS) to the analysis of the design and adoption of environmentally friendly technologies may help develop more effective and diversified strategies for an environmentally oriented technology policy. A case study of the organizational context and sociotechnical network of modern domestic bio-mass heating systems in Austria demonstrates the usefulness of such an approach. Mapping out the sociotechnical system and the guiding visions surrounding the domestic use of biomass and the dynamics (...)
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  7.  47
    The evolving model of communication in sociotechnical systems.Graziella Mazzoli - 1992 - AI and Society 6 (3):221-231.
    Reflection on the natural/artificial, real/imaginary, subjective/objective dicotomies is increasingly the subject of debate on systems of communication, which make more and more widespread use of expert and/or intelligent advanced technologies.This paper analyses different forms of communication operating in a socio-technical system. The analysis is concerned with changes in creativity and participation of the human being in the decision and production processes within various contexts of social life. It is thus important to verify the possibility of an interpolation between vital (...)
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  8.  18
    Integrated System Design: Promoting the Capacity of Sociotechnical Systems for Adaptation through Extensions of Cognitive Work Analysis.Neelam Naikar & Ben Elix - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  9.  11
    When Gunfire Shatters Bone: Reducing Sociotechnical Systems to Social Relationships.Rob Kling - 1992 - Science, Technology and Human Values 17 (3):381-385.
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  10.  45
    Diversity in sociotechnical machine learning systems.Maria De-Arteaga & Sina Fazelpour - 2022 - Big Data and Society 9 (1).
    There has been a surge of recent interest in sociocultural diversity in machine learning research. Currently, however, there is a gap between discussions of measures and benefits of diversity in machine learning, on the one hand, and the broader research on the underlying concepts of diversity and the precise mechanisms of its functional benefits, on the other. This gap is problematic because diversity is not a monolithic concept. Rather, different concepts of diversity are based on distinct rationales that should inform (...)
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  11.  30
    The sociotechnical entanglement of AI and values.Deborah G. Johnson & Mario Verdicchio - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-10.
    Scholarship on embedding values in AI is growing. In what follows, we distinguish two concepts of AI and argue that neither is amenable to values being ‘embedded’. If we think of AI as computational artifacts, then values and AI cannot be added together because they are ontologically distinct. If we think of AI as sociotechnical systems, then components of values and AI are in the same ontologic category—they are both social. However, even here thinking about the relationship as (...)
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  12.  22
    The Sociotechnical Construction of Distrust during the Covid‐19 Pandemic.Kenneth R. Fleischmann - 2023 - Hastings Center Report 53 (S2):16-21.
    What were the impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on trust in public health information, and what can be done to rebuild trust in public health authorities? This essay synthesizes insights from science and technology studies, information studies, and bioethics to explore sociotechnical factors that may have contributed to the breakdown of trust in public health information during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The field of science and technology studies lays out the dynamic nature of facts, helping to explain rapid shifts in (...)
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  13.  40
    Toward Sociotechnical AI: Mapping Vulnerabilities for Machine Learning in Context.Roel Dobbe & Anouk Wolters - 2024 - Minds and Machines 34 (2):1-51.
    This paper provides an empirical and conceptual account on seeing machine learning models as part of a sociotechnical system to identify relevant vulnerabilities emerging in the context of use. As ML is increasingly adopted in socially sensitive and safety-critical domains, many ML applications end up not delivering on their promises, and contributing to new forms of algorithmic harm. There is still a lack of empirical insights as well as conceptual tools and frameworks to properly understand and design for the (...)
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  14.  38
    Epistemological Luddism: Reinvigorating a Concept for Action in 21st Century Sociotechnical Struggles.Michael Lachney & Taylor Dotson - 2018 - Social Epistemology 32 (4):228-240.
    Explicitly dismantling or decommissioning existing sociotechnical systems seems to be unimaginable both within dominant public imaginaries and in academic thought. Indeed, ‘gee whiz’ journalistic narratives regarding emerging technoscience abound as many members of the public appear to eagerly await any new innovation coming out of Silicon Valley. At the same time, most science and technology studies (STS) research focuses on the creation of new technoscience, not its destruction or temporary decommissioning. Yet, lay citizens clearly engage in forms of (...)
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  15.  42
    A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives, inequalities, and human control.Andreas Theodorou & Laura Sartori - 2022 - Ethics and Information Technology 24 (1):1-11.
    Different people have different perceptions about artificial intelligence (AI). It is extremely important to bring together all the alternative frames of thinking—from the various communities of developers, researchers, business leaders, policymakers, and citizens—to properly start acknowledging AI. This article highlights the ‘fruitful collaboration’ that sociology and AI could develop in both social and technical terms. We discuss how biases and unfairness are among the major challenges to be addressed in such a sociotechnical perspective. First, as intelligent machines reveal their (...)
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  16.  25
    Local Classrooms, Global Technologies: Toward the Integration of Sociotechnical Macroethical Issues Into Teacher Education.Aman Yadav, Candace Robertson, Brittany Dillman, Liz O. Boltz & Michael Lachney - 2018 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 38 (1-2):13-22.
    Discussions of ethics within in-service teacher education tend to focus on microethical concerns (e.g., discipline) that deal with decision making at interpersonal levels. Issues concerning educational technology are no exception. Yet, as teachers choose and are expected to integrate technological devices (e.g., laptops) and sociotechnical systems (e.g., learning management systems) into pedagogical practices, their classrooms and schools may become implicated in macroethical issues (e.g., electronic waste) that reach beyond the local consequences of their direct actions. Necessitated by (...)
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  17.  15
    Editorial: Macrocognition: The Science and Engineering of Sociotechnical Work Systems.Paul Ward, Robert R. Hoffman, Gareth E. Conway, Jan Maarten Schraagen, David Peebles, Robert J. B. Hutton & Erich J. Petushek - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  18. AI Systems and Respect for Human Autonomy.Arto Laitinen & Otto Sahlgren - 2021 - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence.
    This study concerns the sociotechnical bases of human autonomy. Drawing on recent literature on AI ethics, philosophical literature on dimensions of autonomy, and on independent philosophical scrutiny, we first propose a multi-dimensional model of human autonomy and then discuss how AI systems can support or hinder human autonomy. What emerges is a philosophically motivated picture of autonomy and of the normative requirements personal autonomy poses in the context of algorithmic systems. Ranging from consent to data collection and (...)
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  19. Sociotechnical Infrastructures of Dominion in Stefan L. Sorgner’s We Have Always Been Cyborgs.Steven Umbrello - 2023 - Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics 25 (1):336-351.
    In We Have Always Been Cyborgs (2021), Stefan L. Sorgner argues that, given the growing economic burden of desirable welfare programs, in order for Western democratic societies to continue to flourish it will be necessary that they establish some form of algocracy (i.e., governance by algorithm). This is argued to be necessary both in order to maintain the sustainability and efficiency of these programs, but also due to the fact that further integration of humans into technical systems provides the (...)
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  20.  74
    Democratizing AI from a Sociotechnical Perspective.Merel Noorman & Tsjalling Swierstra - 2023 - Minds and Machines 33 (4):563-586.
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies offer new ways of conducting decision-making tasks that influence the daily lives of citizens, such as coordinating traffic, energy distributions, and crowd flows. They can sort, rank, and prioritize the distribution of fines or public funds and resources. Many of the changes that AI technologies promise to bring to such tasks pertain to decisions that are collectively binding. When these technologies become part of critical infrastructures, such as energy networks, citizens are affected by these decisions whether (...)
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  21.  16
    The Sociotechnical Alliance of Argentine Quality Wine: How Mendoza’s Viticulture Functions Between the Local and the Global.Hernán Thomas & Polly C. A. Maclaine Pont - 2012 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 37 (6):627-652.
    Constructivist research in Science and Technology Studies is committed to revealing the heterogeneity of technological change and the fluid boundaries between the elements involved. Its major theories, the Social Construction of Technology and Actor Network Theory, have however both been criticized for limiting themselves to the micro-level of cases, impeding a structural analysis of technological systems. This article seeks to bridge any such divides. We research the recent changes in the viticulture of Mendoza, Argentina, which underwent radical changes over (...)
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  22. Scientonomy and the sociotechnical domain.Paul E. Patton (ed.) - 2021 - Willmington, Delaware: Vernon Press.
    The sociotechnical domain is the realm of scientists, the communities and institutions they form, and the tools and instruments they use to create, disseminate, and preserve knowledge. This paper reviews current scientonomic theory concerning this domain. A core scientonomic concept is that of an epistemic agent. Generally, an agent is an entity capable of intentional action—action that has content or meaning due to its purposeful direction towards a goal. An epistemic agent is one whose actions are the taking of (...)
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  23. Materializing Systemic Racism, Materializing Health Disparities.Vanessa Carbonell & Shen-yi Liao - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (9):16-18.
    The purpose of cultural competence education for medical professionals is to ensure respectful care and reduce health disparities. Yet as Berger and Miller (2021) show, the cultural competence framework is dated, confused, and self-defeating. They argue that the framework ignores the primary driver of health disparities—systemic racism—and is apt to exacerbate rather than mitigate bias and ethnocentrism. They propose replacing cultural competence with a framework that attends to two social aspects of structural inequality: health and social policy, and institutional-system activity; (...)
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  24. Embedding Values in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems.Ibo van de Poel - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (3):385-409.
    Organizations such as the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI and the IEEE have recently formulated ethical principles and (moral) values that should be adhered to in the design and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). These include respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, fairness, transparency, explainability, and accountability. But how can we ensure and verify that an AI system actually respects these values? To help answer this question, I propose an account for determining when an AI system can be said to embody (...)
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  25. Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence.Shakir Mohamed, Marie-Therese Png & William Isaac - 2020 - Philosophy and Technology 33 (4):659-684.
    This paper explores the important role of critical science, and in particular of post-colonial and decolonial theories, in understanding and shaping the ongoing advances in artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is viewed as amongst the technological advances that will reshape modern societies and their relations. While the design and deployment of systems that continually adapt holds the promise of far-reaching positive change, they simultaneously pose significant risks, especially to already vulnerable peoples. Values and power are central to this discussion. Decolonial (...)
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  26.  39
    The project, the everyday, and reflexivity in sociotechnical agri-food assemblages: proposing a conceptual model of digitalisation.Jérémie Forney & Angga Dwiartama - 2022 - Agriculture and Human Values 40 (2):441-454.
    Digital technologies have opened up new perspectives in thinking about the future of food and farming. Not only do these new technologies promise to revolutionise our way of meeting global food demand, they do so by boldly claiming that they can reduce their environmental impacts. However, they also have the potential to transform the organisation of agri-food systems more fundamentally. Drawing on assemblage theory, we propose a conceptual model of digitalisation organised around three facets: digitalisation as a project; “everyday (...)
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  27. Algorithms as culture: Some tactics for the ethnography of algorithmic systems.Nick Seaver - 2017 - Big Data and Society 4 (2).
    This article responds to recent debates in critical algorithm studies about the significance of the term “algorithm.” Where some have suggested that critical scholars should align their use of the term with its common definition in professional computer science, I argue that we should instead approach algorithms as “multiples”—unstable objects that are enacted through the varied practices that people use to engage with them, including the practices of “outsider” researchers. This approach builds on the work of Laura Devendorf, Elizabeth Goodman, (...)
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  28.  78
    Systemic risks and solar climate engineering research. Integrating technology ethics into the governance of systemic risks.Benjamin P. Hofbauer - 2023 - Journal of Risk Research 26 (12):1383-1395.
    The paper explores how the framework of systemic risks can help govern the risks imposed through solar climate engineering research. The central argument is that a systemic perspective of risk is a useful tool for analysing and assessing the risks imposed through Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) research. SAI is a form of climate engineering that could cool the planet by enhancing its albedo through the injection of aerosols into the stratosphere. Researching such a technology creates systemic risks with a strong (...)
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  29.  16
    The Future of Electricity and Electricity as the Future: The Sociotechnical Imagination of Russian Electrical Engineers in the 19th Century.Natalia Nikiforova - 2020 - Acta Baltica Historiae Et Philosophiae Scientiarum 8 (2):93-114.
    This article examines Russian engineers’ social imagination about the future through the professional discussions held at the electrotechnical congresses in the nineteenth century. Formulating the prospective future of the industry, the state and society was a collective endeavor, a process in which the identity and mission of engineers were crystallized. Through envisioning the future of technology and its role in the society, engineers revealed their cultural role as mediators between technological innovation, and both the wider public and the state. In (...)
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  30.  39
    Selling Smartness: Corporate Narratives and the Smart City as a Sociotechnical Imaginary.Roy Bendor & Jathan Sadowski - 2019 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 44 (3):540-563.
    This article argues for engaging with the smart city as a sociotechnical imaginary. By conducting a close reading of primary source material produced by the companies IBM and Cisco over a decade of work on smart urbanism, we argue that the smart city imaginary is premised in a particular narrative about urban crises and technological salvation. This narrative serves three main purposes: it fits different ideas and initiatives into a coherent view of smart urbanism, it sells and disseminates this (...)
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  31.  31
    (2 other versions)Meaningful Human Control Over Smart Home Systems.Steven Umbrello - 2020 - Humana Mente 13 (37).
    The last decade has witnessed the mass distribution and adoption of smart home systems and devices powered by artificial intelligence systems ranging from household appliances like fridges and toasters to more background systems such as air and water quality controllers. The pervasiveness of these sociotechnical systems makes analyzing their ethical implications necessary during the design phases of these devices to ensure not only sociotechnical resilience, but to design them for human values in mind and (...)
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  32.  32
    Paradoxes of Rationalisation: Openness and Control in Critical Theory and Luhmann's Systems Theory.Jan Overwijk - 2021 - Theory, Culture and Society 38 (1):127-148.
    For the Critical Theory tradition of the Frankfurt School, rationalisation is a central concept that refers to the socio-cultural closure of capitalist modernity due to the proliferation of technical, ‘instrumental’ rationality at the expense of some form of political reason. This picture of rationalisation, however, hinges on a separation of technology and politics that is both empirically and philosophically problematic. This article aims to re-conceptualise the rationalisation thesis through a survey of research from science and technology studies and the conceptual (...)
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  33.  22
    Competing narratives in AI ethics: a defense of sociotechnical pragmatism.David S. Watson, Jakob Mökander & Luciano Floridi - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-23.
    Several competing narratives drive the contemporary AI ethics discourse. At the two extremes are sociotechnical dogmatism, which holds that society is full of inefficiencies and imperfections that can only be solved by better technology; and sociotechnical skepticism, which highlights the unacceptable risks AI systems pose. While both narratives have their merits, they are ultimately reductive and limiting. As a constructive synthesis, we introduce and defend sociotechnical pragmatism—a narrative that emphasizes the central role of context and human (...)
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  34.  40
    Ethics-based auditing of automated decision-making systems: intervention points and policy implications.Jakob Mökander & Maria Axente - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (1):153-171.
    Organisations increasingly use automated decision-making systems (ADMS) to inform decisions that affect humans and their environment. While the use of ADMS can improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making processes, it is also coupled with ethical challenges. Unfortunately, the governance mechanisms currently used to oversee human decision-making often fail when applied to ADMS. In previous work, we proposed that ethics-based auditing (EBA)—that is, a structured process by which ADMS are assessed for consistency with relevant principles or norms—can (a) help (...)
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  35.  37
    Analyzing the Role of Values and Ideals in the Development of Energy Systems: How Values, Their Idealizations, and Technologies Shape Political Decision-Making.Joost Alleblas - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (2):1-21.
    This study examines an important aspect of energy history and policy: the intertwinement of energy technologies with ideals. Ideals play an important role in energy visions and innovation pathways. Aspirations to realize technical, social, and political ideals indicate a long-term commitment in the design of energy systems, distinguishable from commitment to other abstract goals, such as values. This study offers an analytical scheme that could help to conceptualize these differences and their impact on energy policy. In the proposed model, (...)
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  36.  32
    The system of autono‑mobility: computer vision and urban complexity—reflections on artificial intelligence at urban scale.Fabio Iapaolo - 2023 - AI and Society 38 (3):1111-1122.
    Focused on city-scale automation, and using self-driving cars (SDCs) as a case study, this article reflects on the role of AI—and in particular, computer vision systems used for mapping and navigation—as a catalyst for urban transformation. Urban research commonly presents AI and cities as having a one-way cause-and-effect relationship, giving undue weight to AI’s impact on cities and overlooking the role of cities in shaping AI. Working at the intersection of data science and social research, this paper aims to (...)
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  37.  23
    Transforming the food system in ‘unprotected space’: the case of diverse grain networks in England.Stephanie Walton - forthcoming - Agriculture and Human Values:1-18.
    Transitioning to food systems that are equitable, resilient, healthy and environmentally sustainable will require the cultivation and diffusion of transformational sociotechnical innovations—and grassroots movements are an essential source of such innovations. Within the literature on strategic niche management, government-provided ‘protected spaces’ where niche innovations can develop without facing the pressures of the market is an essential part of sustainability transitions. However, because of their desire to _transform_ rather than _transition_ food systems, grassroots movements often struggle to acquire (...)
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  38.  90
    Ethics and technology 'in the making': An essay on the challenge of nanoethics. [REVIEW]Deborah G. Johnson - 2007 - NanoEthics 1 (1):21-30.
    After reviewing portions of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act that call for examination of societal and ethical issues, this essay seeks to understand how nanoethics can play a role in nanotechnology development. What can and should nanoethics aim to achieve? The focus of the essay is on the challenges of examining ethical issues with regard to a technology that is still emerging, still ‘in the making.’ The literature of science and technology studies (STS) is used to understand (...)
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  39.  61
    EveryBOTy Counts: Examining Human–Machine Teams in Open Source Software Development.Olivia B. Newton, Samaneh Saadat, Jihye Song, Stephen M. Fiore & Gita Sukthankar - 2024 - Topics in Cognitive Science 16 (3):450-484.
    In this study, we explore the future of work by examining differences in productivity when teams are composed of only humans or both humans and machine agents. Our objective was to characterize the similarities and differences between human and human–machine teams as they work to coordinate across their specialized roles. This form of research is increasingly important given that machine agents are becoming commonplace in sociotechnical systems and playing a more active role in collaborative work. One particular class (...)
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  40.  16
    Impaired Encoding: Calculating, Ordering, and the “Disability Percentages” Classification System.Gaby Admon-Rick - 2014 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 39 (1):105-129.
    Work injury compensation and pensions are often determined according to medical disability rating scales attributing a percentage to each impaired body part or function. Incorporated into central medical–administrative networks of committees and examinations, these produce disability as a calculable space. This article examines the specific case of the Israeli National Insurance regulations regarding work injuries of 1956 and analyzes the shifted order they set. Looking at this system in the specific historical context of transition from the British Mandate workmen’s compensation (...)
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  41.  56
    Embodied Experience in Socially Participatory Artificial Intelligence.Mark Graves - 2023 - Zygon (4):928-951.
    As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes progressively more engaged with society, its shift from technical tool to participating in society raises questions about AI personhood. Drawing upon developmental psychology and systems theory, a mediating structure for AI proto-personhood is defined analogous to an early stage of human development. The proposed AI bridges technical, psychological, and theological perspectives on near-future AI and is structured by its hardware, software, computational, and sociotechnical systems through which it experiences its world as embodied (...)
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  42. The Role of Engineers in Harmonising Human Values for AI Systems Design.Steven Umbrello - 2022 - Journal of Responsible Technology 10 (July):100031.
    Most engineers Fwork within social structures governing and governed by a set of values that primarily emphasise economic concerns. The majority of innovations derive from these loci. Given the effects of these innovations on various communities, it is imperative that the values they embody are aligned with those societies. Like other transformative technologies, artificial intelligence systems can be designed by a single organisation but be diffused globally, demonstrating impacts over time. This paper argues that in order to design for (...)
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  43. The expected AI as a sociocultural construct and its impact on the discourse on technology.Auli Viidalepp - 2023 - Dissertation, University of Tartu
    The thesis introduces and criticizes the discourse on technology, with a specific reference to the concept of AI. The discourse on AI is particularly saturated with reified metaphors which drive connotations and delimit understandings of technology in society. To better analyse the discourse on AI, the thesis proposes the concept of “Expected AI”, a composite signifier filled with historical and sociocultural connotations, and numerous referent objects. Relying on cultural semiotics, science and technology studies, and a diverse selection of heuristic concepts, (...)
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  44.  9
    Large Technical Systems.Erik van der Vleuten - 2012 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks, A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 218–222.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Background Concepts for Examining LTS Dynamics Societal Implications of LTS References and Further Reading.
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  45.  19
    Reconfiguration, Contestation, and Decline: Conceptualizing Mature Large Technical Systems.Marie Blanche Ting, Katherine Lovell & Benjamin K. Sovacool - 2018 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 43 (6):1066-1097.
    Large technical systems are integral to modern lifestyles but arduous to analyze. In this paper, we advance a conceptualization of LTS using the notion of mature “phases,” drawing from insights into innovation studies, science and technology studies, political science, the sociology of infrastructure, history of technology, and governance. We begin by defining LTS as a unit of analysis and explaining its conceptual utility and novelty, situating it among other prominent sociotechnical theories. Next, we argue that after LTS have (...)
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  46.  35
    Modeling sustainability transitions on complex networks.Martino Tran - 2014 - Complexity 19 (5):8-22.
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  47.  40
    Beyond transparency and explainability: on the need for adequate and contextualized user guidelines for LLM use.Kristian González Barman, Nathan Wood & Pawel Pawlowski - 2024 - Ethics and Information Technology 26 (3):1-12.
    Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT present immense opportunities, but without proper training for users (and potentially oversight), they carry risks of misuse as well. We argue that current approaches focusing predominantly on transparency and explainability fall short in addressing the diverse needs and concerns of various user groups. We highlight the limitations of existing methodologies and propose a framework anchored on user-centric guidelines. In particular, we argue that LLM users should be given guidelines on what tasks LLMs can (...)
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  48.  60
    Spotting When Algorithms Are Wrong.Stefan Buijsman & Herman Veluwenkamp - 2023 - Minds and Machines 33 (4):541-562.
    Users of sociotechnical systems often have no way to independently verify whether the system output which they use to make decisions is correct; they are epistemically dependent on the system. We argue that this leads to problems when the system is wrong, namely to bad decisions and violations of the norm of practical reasoning. To prevent this from occurring we suggest the implementation of defeaters: information that a system is unreliable in a specific case (undercutting defeat) or independent (...)
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  49. Discovery-led refinement in e-discovery investigations: Sensemaking, cognitive ergonomics and system design. [REVIEW]Simon Attfield & Ann Blandford - 2010 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 18 (4):387-412.
    Given the very large numbers of documents involved in e-discovery investigations, lawyers face a considerable challenge of collaborative sensemaking. We report findings from three workplace studies which looked at different aspects of how this challenge was met. From a sociotechnical perspective, the studies aimed to understand how investigators collectively and individually worked with information to support sensemaking and decision making. Here, we focus on discovery-led refinement; specifically, how engaging with the materials of the investigations led to discoveries that supported (...)
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  50. Doing your own research and other impossible acts of epistemic superheroism.Andrew Buzzell & Regina Rini - 2023 - Philosophical Psychology 36 (5):906-930.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an “infodemic” of misinformation and conspiracy theory. This article points to three explanatory factors: the challenge of forming accurate beliefs when overwhelmed with information, an implausibly individualistic conception of epistemic virtue, and an adversarial information environment that suborns epistemic dependence. Normally we cope with the problems of informational excess by relying on other people, including sociotechnical systems that mediate testimony and evidence. But when we attempt to engage in epistemic “superheroics” - (...)
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