In this thesis, we study the least fixed point principle in a constructive setting. A constructive theory of functions and sets has been developed by Feferman. This theory deals both with sets and with functions over sets as independent notions. In the language of Feferman's theory, we are able to formulate the least fixed point principle for monotone inductive definitions as: every operation on classes to classes which satisfies the monotonicity condition has a least fixed point. This is called the (...) principle of monotone inductive definition. Furthermore, we may formulate this principle in a uniform way as: there is an operation which maps a monotone operation to its least fixed point. This is called the principle of uniform monotone inductive definition. Feferman raised the question of the strength of the principle of monotone inductive definition when adjoined to his theory . This question is our primary concern in this thesis. ;Our main results are the consistency of both the principle of monotone inductive definition and the principle of uniform monotone inductive definition adjoined to his theory, and the proof theoretical equivalence between the principle of monotone inductive definition with Feferman's system without the inductive generation axiom and the system of the Pi-one-one Comprehension Axiom. Determination of the proof-theoretical strength of the principle of monotone inductive definition adjoined to Feferman's theory still remains open. ;The consistency of both the principle of monotone inductive definition and the principle of uniform monotone inductive definition with Feferman's theory will be achieved by constructing their models in set theoretical sense. The proof theoretical equivalence between the principle of monotone inductive definition with Feferman's system without the inductive generation axiom and the system of the Pi-one-one Comprehension Axiom can be obtained by a careful examination of the model construction for the principle of monotone inductive definition with Feferman's system without the inductive generation axiom, which is parallel to the model construction for the principle of monotone inductive definition with his theory. (shrink)

In contemporary Japanese society, it is difficult to find a marriage partner, and therefore, “Konkatsu,” the search for a marriage partner, has become a socially accepted activity in Japan. In response to this social challenge, in addition to private companies, governments and non-profit organizations are supporting individuals in their search for a marriage partner. This paper reviews statistical information related to marriage hunting published in Japan. In addition, some of the authors’ collaborative activities and academic publications based on these activities (...) are reviewed. Subsequently, the paper discusses and highlights the importance of helping individuals have confidence in their physical attractiveness. (shrink)

Background: Nurses are expected to make and implement autonomous decisions to provide patients with excellent quality nursing while practicing complex, high-level care. However, studies have shown that nursing practice based on autonomous decision-making is difficult, and a gap exists between decision-making and implementation. Research question/aim/objectives: This study aims to clarify trends among nursing professionals who recognize they are practicing ethical behavior in their nursing practice. Research design/Participants and research context: We surveyed the basic attributes of and used the Ode’s Ethical (...) Behavior Scale for Nurses with 3467 nursing professionals working at 34 hospitals in suburban cities of Japan and investigated the relationships among these factors. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the appropriate research ethics committee. The Ethical Behavior Scale for Nurses was used with the authors’ permission. Findings/results: Significant differences were found in the mean “ethical behavior” scores between nurses and licensed practical nurses and midwives and licensed practical nurses. Mean scores for the “justice” subscale differed significantly between the low experience group and mid-level experience group and between the high experience group and mid-level experience group. Significant differences were also found in the mean scores between those with ethics education experience and those without, those with ethics training experience and those without, and those with ethics conference experience and those without. Discussion: Midwives and nurses had higher ethical behaviors than licensed practical nurses. Nursing professionals with low and high experience had higher justice scores than those with mid-level experience. Finally, nursing professionals with ethics education, training, or conference experience had higher ethical behavior than those without such experience. Conclusion: Nursing professionals who recognize they are practicing ethical behavior tend to be midwives or nurses with low or high levels of experience who attended ethics education, training, or conferences. (shrink)

In this paper we study a certain class of Lie algebras over commutative von Neumann algebras satisfying a certain finiteness condition. By using Boolean valued methods developed by Takeuti [8]-[11], we will establish the basic structure and representation theorems.

In spite of the philosophical significance of higher-order modal logic, the modal logician's main concern has been with sentential logic. In this paper we do not intend to go into philosophical details, but we only remark that higher-order modal logic has a close relationship with Montague's well-known idea of “universal grammar”, which is an ambitious attempt to build a logical theory of natural languages with exact syntax and semantics, comparable with the artificial languages of mathematical logic. For this matter, the (...) reader can consult, e.g., Montague [8], [9] and Gallin [2]. (shrink)

教養と学問が関係することは、実は自明ではない。教養とは何か。また学問と思想はどのように関わるのか。知識人として、学者として、丸山が発し続けた問いと思考の展開を、遺された言葉の総体から精緻に読み解き、「 丸山論」をこえて現代日本に提示。.

日本的美意識といわれる「幽玄・さび」。俊成や芭蕉の歌論や俳論にその実質を検討、「日本的なるもの」の有効性を批判的に検証する。.

Obtaining informed consent is a cornerstone of biomedical research, yet participants comprehension of presented information is often low. The most effective interventions to improve understanding rates have not been identified.

Just as Kaplansky [4] has introduced the notion of an AW*-module as a generalization of a complex Hilbert space, we introduce the notion of an AL*-algebra, which is a generalization of that of an L*-algebra invented by Schue [9, 10]. By using Boolean valued methods developed by Ozawa [6–8], Takeuti [11–13] and others, we establish its basic properties including a fundamental structure theorem. This paper should be regarded as a continuation or our previous paper [5], the familiarity with which is (...) presupposed. MSC: 03C90, 03E40, 17B65, 46L10. (shrink)

Influential neoclassical economist Lionel McKenzie has made major contributions to postwar economic thought in the fields of equilibrium, trade, and capital accumulation. This selection of his papers traces the development of his thinking in these three crucial areas.McKenzie's early academic life took him to Duke, Princeton, Oxford, the University of Chicago, and the Cowles Commission. In 1957, he went to the University of Rochester to head the economics department there, and he remains at Rochester, now Wilson Professor Emeritus of Economics. (...) McKenzie's most significant research was undertaken during a period that saw the development of the major themes of neoclassical economics and the use of fundamental mathematical methods to do so. McKenzie contributed to both aspects of this research program. He helped shape the direction of the field and, at Rochester, influenced generations of future scholars. In 2002, The MIT Press published McKenzie's Classical General Equilibrium Theory, a detailed summary of the model and methodology. This book, collecting his most important papers in the form in which they were originally published, can be seen as a companion to that one. The many state-of-the-art results achieved in McKenzie's original papers present sophisticated theoretical work that will continue to be important to future developments in the discipline. (shrink)