Relational database management system is the most popular database system. It is important to maintain data security from information leakage and data corruption. RDBMS can be attacked by an outsider or an insider. It is difficult to detect an insider attack because its patterns are constantly changing and evolving. In this paper, we propose an adaptive database intrusion detection system that can be resistant to potential insider misuse using evolutionary reinforcement learning, which combines reinforcement learning and evolutionary learning. The model (...) consists of two neural networks, an evaluation network and an action network. The action network detects the intrusion, and the evaluation network provides feedback to the detection of the action network. Evolutionary learning is effective for dynamic patterns and atypical patterns, and reinforcement learning enables online learning. Experimental results show that the performance for detecting abnormal queries improves as the proposed model learns the intrusion adaptively using Transaction Processing performance Council-E scenario-based virtual query data. The proposed method achieves the highest performance at 94.86%, and we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method by performing 5-fold cross-validation. (shrink)

This book investigates the different meanings and logics that the notion of qi/gi has acquired within the East Asian traditions in order to understand the diversity of these traditions. More specifically, this work focuses on investigating how the notion was understood by traditional Chinese and Korean philosophers.

지금까지 최한기의 기륜설(氣輪說)을 중심 논제로 다루고 있는 논문은 몇 편 되지 않으나 기륜설에 대한 논의는 충분히 전개되어 오지 않았나 생각된다. 이들 선행연구는 각각 다양한 지평에서 논의가 이루어졌지만 19세기 동아시아(중국과 한국) 과학 담론 속에서 최한기의 기륜설을 조명하고 있다는 점에서는 공통점을 보이고 있다. - 19세기 동아시아 과학 담론 속의 기륜설 - 이 지점이야말로 기륜설 연구의 현주소라 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 바로 이 지점에서 논의의 지평을 서양의 중력이론과 20세기 과학담론으로 확장시키고 그 속에 자리하는 기륜설의 위상을 재조명해보고자 한다. 그리하여 근대 서양 과학의 (...) 영향으로 탄생한 최한기의 기륜설이 서양의 근 현대 중력이론들 사이에서 어떤 위상으로 자리하고 있는가를 조명해보고, 나아가 새로운 기륜설 연구의 향방을 모색해 보는 것이 본 연구의 목적이라 할 수 있다. 서론에서는 기륜설의 정의와 선행연구 분석 및 문제제기가 이루어지고, 본론은 주제별로 두 개의 장으로 나눠지는데 첫 번째 장은 기륜설의 기본적인 내용이라 할 수 있는 기륜의 형성과 특성, 중력이론으로서 기륜설의 원리에 대한 설명과 최한기가 서양 과학의 힘을 빌려 이를 증명해 가는 과정을 담고 있다. 두 번째 장에서는 본 논문의 주제라 할 수 있는 기륜의 중력 작용에 대해 논하게 되는데, 그 과정에서 최한기가 뉴턴의 만유인력을 온전히 수용할 수 없었던 이유와 기륜설이 만유인력과 이론적으로 충돌하는 원인에 대한 분석이 이루어진다. 나아가 뉴턴 전후로 중력이론을 발표했던 데카르트의 소용돌이설 및 아인슈타인의 일반상대성 이론을 기륜설과 비교 분석하게 되며 결론을 통해 기존에 이루어졌던 평가를 재조명하고, 앞으로 이루어져야 할 기륜설 연구의 향방을 모색한다. (shrink)

최한기의 사유에서 존재와 인식 두 측면에 걸친 패러다임이 근대성의 맥락에서 전환된다. 그에게 만사만물의 근원은 리(理)가 아니고 기(氣)이다. 그 리는 기를 미루어 헤아릴 수 있다. 그리고 종래의 존재론 차원에서만 있던 ‘리’가 최한기의 기철학에서는 인식 국면에도 있다. 존재론에 ‘유행의 리’가 있다면 인식 국면에는 ‘추측의 리’가 있다. 또한 그의 사유에서 리는 존재와 인식 모두에 걸쳐 무수히 많다. 이렇다 할 때 리는 메커니즘으로서 이치, 방식, 방법의 의미로 접근해 볼 수 있지 않을까 싶다. 최한기의 생각에서 만물 존재와 인식 모두에 생성, 운동, 변화의 운화기가 내재한다. 최한기의 (...) 기학에서는 ‘경험’이 매우 중시된다. 도덕적으로 행위할 줄 아는 것도, 예를 들어 맹자의 측은지심의 발동도 그의 사유에서는 경험, 교접을 통해 획득되는 것이고 도덕 행위의 인식은 심체, 즉 마음의 본질인 신기에 의한 추측으로 보았다. 이와 같은 면모로 최한기의 철학에서 존재와 인식의 문제가 대두된다. 사물의 존재의 본질뿐만 아니라 그것에 대한 인식 과정 모두에 걸쳐 운동, 변화가 내재한다. 이런 양태로 최한기의 사유는 실학적이며 근대적인 사유로 나아갔다. (shrink)

본 연구의 목적은 혜강 최한기의 기학에 나타난 깨달음의 문제를 규명하는 것이다. 지금까지 기학에 대한 일반적 평가는 실학의 측면에서 이루어졌다. 즉 기학의 대전제를 경험과 증험의 객관성, 그리고 경세(經世)에 둔 논의가 많았다. 이러한 논의들은 기학의 성격을 일반화하는데 유효했다. 하지만 대비적으로 깨달음의 문제와 같은 주관적 영역에 대한 논의는 활발하지 못했다. 현재까지 깨달음의 문제에 대한 기학적 논의는 활발하게 전개되고 있지 않다. 기학을 공부하는 사람은 신기(神氣)가 자신의 존재적 본질임을 인식하고 우주와 하나임(一體)을 체인(體認)하면서 사회적 삶을 살아가는 자이다. 곧 우주적 질서를 자신에게서 발견하고 사회적 삶에 연장하여 소통하는 (...) 자이다. 이러한 깨달음을 얻은 사람을 기통인(氣通人)이라 할 수 있다. (shrink)

Philosophe et penseur du politique, intellectuel marxiste et militant communiste, enseignant, directeur de collection... : à travers le rayonnement de son oeuvre et de sa personne, Louis Althusser a renouvelé la théorie politique et la philosophie de l'histoire, de Machiavel à Marx. Parmi ses contemporains, Michel Foucault exhorte : " Ouvrez les livres d'Althusser! ", Jacques Derrida évoque " la force rayonnante et provocante de sa pensée ", Gilles Deleuze salue l'" Althusser's Band ", et pour Roland Barthes, " le (...) seul modèle acceptable de la science est celui mis au jour par les études d'Althusser sur Marx ". Aliocha Wald Lasowski converse avec vingt écrivains et philosophes qui ont lu, rencontré, parfois travaillé avec Althusser, quand ils n'ont pas fait partie de ses proches. Où l'on mesure à quel point la pensée d'Althusser demeure d'une actualité brûlante. (shrink)

Chenu, M.-D. Foi, certitude et recherche.--Gilson, É. Réponse à Louis-Marie Régis, On some difficulties of interpretation.--Dubarle, D. Logique et épistémologie du signe chez Aristote et chez les Stoïciens.--Geiger, L.-B. Ce qui est, se dit en plusiers sens.--Owens, J. "Diversificata in diversis."--Cauchy, V. Être et connaître, l'irréductibilité de l'aristotélisme au platonisme.--Joós, E. Maurice Merleau-Ponty, de l'intentio intellectus, à l'intentio rei.--Murin, C. Pour une démystification de la "mort-de-Dieu" nietzschéenne.--Joós, E. Post-scriptum, la nouvelle scolastique de Louis-Marie Régis.--Landry, A.-M. Louis-Marie Régis, O.P., quelques dates (...) et faits marquants de sa vie.--Lettre d'Henri-Irénée Marrou à Louis-Marie Régis. (shrink)

Daftar-i avval. Ḥudūs̲ al-ʻālam, Sharḥ-i kalimat al-Islām, al-Aql al-faʻʻāl, Manāfiʻ al-mawt, Dar sharḥ-i kāʼināt-i jav va raʻd va barq va ṣāʻiqah.

Le refus du rôle de complice au sein de l’empire technologique n’est qu’un point de départ dans une trajectoire de désertion. Le vrai travail commence ensuite. Notre collectif met nos compétences de CSP+ au profit de syndicats contre les ravages du numérique, dans la défense d’activistes contre la finance fossile, ou pour la reconnaissance du site ultra-touristique des Salines (Martinique) comme Entité Naturelle Juridique….

The most valuable finding of my first sightseeing trip was that medieval Europe was the seat of Christendom and that Christianity defines the West. I was amazed to see that Europe reveals so much of its past. I had not had such an experience in the United States, where I had lived as a student and then as a professor of economics.As I glimpsed the West, I found myself rediscovering Confucian civilization and how much I am still Confucian, although I (...) was born into a Presbyterian family in Korea. But then, Korea is the most Confucian country. Curious about the West since my first trip, whenever I can I have toured Europe in search of the meaning of the West.While travelling in Europe, my mind often jumps back to my early life in Korea and Japan. I am struck by the vivid contrast in appearance between medieval European towns and Asian towns, which were grey and as flat as pancakes. Medieval towns are stony and solid. Nothing is flimsy. Shaped by spires, domes, and towers, a European town's silhouette rises and falls like a stock market graph. Europeans obviously loved the vertical emphasis. A traveller can see either a soaring church tower or a castle keep miles away on the horizon. Churches predominate, as if to emphasize that the main business of the town is the worship and glorification of God. (shrink)

Ideological indoctrination is explicit and pervasive in China, with the school curriculum used to mould the spirit and character of adolescents, fulfilling ideological and political purposes. But the exact content varies over time. Comparing two versions of textbooks published in 1997 and 2005, this paper depicts the continuities and change in the curricular discourses centred on the notion of ‘good citizen’. While keeping the official status of socialism and the Party leadership untouched, the new textbooks soften the presentation and packaging (...) of the ideological content, very much in tandem with the soft authoritarianism practised since the post‐Deng era when China has been deeply involved in the processes of marketisation, liberalisation and globalisation. The new textbooks also adopt a stance of greater reconciliation with human rights and global citizenship. While being granted more autonomy and rights, young citizens are still expected to shoulder the mission of national revival and socialist modernisation—very much derived from official policies. (shrink)

ArgumentThe paper focuses on a research project launched by Norwegian psychiatrists immediately following World War II. The project sought to investigate the roots of quislingism through psychiatric research on the collaborators. Considered with hindsight, however, the methodology of the project seems puzzlingly shallow. The paper discusses whether this was due to a general lack of adequate methodology in the contemporaneous sciences, or whether the explanation must be sought in the project's social and historical context. Ultimately, I conclude that considerable weight (...) must be placed on the latter explanation, and that the general political ostracism of the collaborators in the postwar years played a major role in the psychiatrists' attitude. (shrink)

Portions, dealing with the definition of invariable concomitance (vyāpti), from the commentary on Tattvacintāmaṇi, basic work of the neo-Nyāya school in Hindu philosophy, by Gaṅgeśa, 13th cent.

Despite the general expectation that ethical leadership fosters employees’ ethical behaviors, surprisingly little empirical effort has been made to verify this expected effect of ethical leadership. To address this research gap, we examine the role of ethical leadership in relation to a direct ethical outcome of employees: moral voice. Focusing on how and when ethical leadership motivates employees to speak up about ethical issues, we propose that moral efficacy serves as a psychological mechanism underlying the relationship, and that leader–follower value (...) congruence serves as a boundary condition for the effect of ethical leadership on moral efficacy. We tested the proposed relationships with matched reports from 154 Korean white-collar employees and their immediate supervisors, collected at two different points in time. The results revealed that ethical leadership was positively related to moral voice, and moral efficacy mediated the relationship. Importantly, as the relationship between ethical leadership and moral efficacy depended on leader–follower value congruence, the mediated relationship was effective only under high leader–follower value congruence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

What are the effects of word-by-word predictability on sentence processing times during the natural reading of a text? Although information complexity metrics such as surprisal and entropy reduction have been useful in addressing this question, these metrics tend to be estimated using computational language models, which require some degree of commitment to a particular theory of language processing. Taking a different approach, this study implemented a large-scale cumulative cloze task to collect word-by-word predictability data for 40 passages and compute surprisal (...) and entropy reduction values in a theory-neutral manner. A separate group of participants read the same texts while their eye movements were recorded. Results showed that increases in surprisal and entropy reduction were both associated with increases in reading times. Furthermore, these effects did not depend on the global difficulty of the text. The findings suggest that surprisal and entropy reduction independently contribute to variation in reading times, as these metrics seem to capture different aspects of lexical predictability. (shrink)

Commentary on Anumānakhaṇḍa in the Tattvacintāmaṇi, 13th century basic work of the neo-Nyāya school in Hindu philosophy, by Gaṅgeśa; portions dealing with definition of invariable concomitance (vyāpti).