Que se passe-t-il lorsque le capitalisme, compris comme science, ne réussit plus à rendre raison du réel? Que se passe lorsque les lois fondamentales du capitalisme rencontrent une résistance dans la réalité sociale (la radicalisation des inégalités par exemple) ou dans la réalité naturelle (la crise écologique qui oblige à repenser radicalement le postulat capitaliste du développement permanent)? Se manifeste alors une connexion essentielle et inquiétante entre capitalisme et utopie, qui caractérise le temps présent.

(P. 454-457) 1800 : le Tribunat. Constant démarque clairement les fonctions de l'opposition dans son "Discours sur le projet concernant la formation de la loi, proposé au corps législatif par le gouvernement", du 15 nivôse an VIII.

This book offers a systematic attempt to explore the point of convergance between feminist theory and the work of Michel Foucault.

This article considers Foucault’s analysis of ordoliberal and neoliberal governmental reason and its reorganization of social relations around a notion of enterprise. I focus on the particular idea that the generalization of the enterprise form to social relations was conceptualized in such exhaustive terms that it encompassed subjectivity itself. Self as enterprise highlights, inter alia, dynamics of control in neoliberal regimes which operate through the organized proliferation of individual difference in an economized matrix. It also throws into question conceptions of (...) individual autonomy that underpin much political thought and upon which ideas about political resistance are based. Self as enterprise also problematizes the viability of Foucault’s later work on ethics of the self as a practice of resistance. I go on to argue that Foucault’s discussion of an unresolved clash in civil society between monarchical and governmental power, between law and norm, offers an elliptical but more promising account of opposition to normalizing bio-power. (shrink)

The paper focuses on the discussion of social freedom in the family in Axel Honneth's most recent book Freedom's Right. I argue, on the one hand, that radical democrats have much to learn from Honneth's method of normative reconstruction because it provides a much needed corrective to the “social weightlessness” that characterizes their thought about democracy. In contrast to the current preoccupation with rarefied issues of political ontology, Freedom's Right exemplifies a type of sociologically attuned thinking that is essential for (...) addressing issues of power and inequality. On the other hand, I argue that Honneth's reliance on a teleological notion of historical progress has deeply constraining effects on his critique of power. First, in so far as it underestimates the impact of growing social inequality on personal and intimate relations, it fails to acknowledge just how extensive, radical and, potentially deeply contentious the political measures needed to realize social freedom in the family may have to be. Second, Honneth's teleological reconstruction provides too thin a basis to generate substantive normative solutions to issues of social justice in the family. Third, teleology tends to depoliticize the process of emancipatory social change by construing it in terms of impersonal mechanisms and developmental tendencies rather than as open-ended, often polemical and deeply contested forms of political struggle. (shrink)

A critical and notoriously elusive issue in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research is the impact of Corporate Social Performance (CSP) on the bottom line. Instead of looking for direct correlations between social and financial performance, we hypothesize that the first result of CSR activities is the creation of trust among the stakeholders. A survey conducted on consumers of organic products provided support for our hypothesis, showing that CSP influences consumer trust and that that trust in turn influences consumers' subsequent actions. (...) The findings further suggest that intermediate variables between CSP and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) may best support a business case for CSR. (shrink)

This article considers two themes in Butler's work: the dialectic of subject formation - that the autonomous subject is instituted through constraint - and the relation between the psyche and the social. With regard to the former, the introduction of a notion of historicity into a conception of the symbolic yields a concept of agency. Nonetheless, this concept of agency still lacks social specificity. By reconfiguring the psyche as an effect of the interiorization of social norms, Butler introduces the destabilizing (...) force of the category of the unconscious into constructivist accounts of identity. This sociocentric reworking of the psyche-social relations provides a nuanced account of gender identity, but it results in a negative model of action as the displacement of constraining social norms. It is also important for a conception of agency to include an account of the creative dimensions of action where actors actively appropriate conflicting socio-cultural values to institute new collective forms of identity. (shrink)

Dieser Aufsatz möchte zeigen, daß Leibniz Freiheit nur in dem Sinne Kontingenz voraussetzt, daß andere Handlungsweisen als absolut möglich denkbar sein müssen. Freiheit besteht nicht in der bloßen Illusion, daß unsere Handlungen nicht durch unseren vollständigen Begriff verursacht und bestimmt sind, sondern in der epistemischen Möglichkeit des Handelnden, anders zu handeln. Für endliche Wesen impliziert diese epistemische Möglichkeit die Unkenntnis des göttlichen Plans. Für Gott ist sie begründet in dem intellektuellen Bewußtsein, daß die Handlungen von seinem Willen, der aufgrund der (...) göttlichen Vollkommenheit stets das Beste wählt, abhängen. Daher wählt Gott die beste der möglichen Welten. Gott ist sich bewußt, daß er eine andere mögliche Welt erschaffen könnte, wenn er wollte, aber gleichzeitig ist er sich bewußt, daß er das niemals wollen wird. (shrink)

School teachers routinely work with minors who are vulnerable, though research on teacher professional misconduct is limited. Using a 5-year cohort of cases (N = 325) from New Zealand’s Teachers Disciplinary Tribunal (2018–2022), this study describes tribunal processes and outcomes including types, setting (private/professional) and sector (Early childhood education/primary and secondary education) of the misconduct, pleas, and penalties ordered. Physical violence constituted the most frequent (51.5%) type of misconduct, with early childhood education and female teachers being independently associated with this (...) type of misconduct. Primary/secondary and male teachers were overrepresented in boundary violation misconduct. Misconduct related to criminal convictions was significantly more likely to arise from private life contexts. While professional misconduct is rare, findings from the study point to risk factors in certain settings, and the need for more research to build understanding of risk and remediation approaches after such conduct. (shrink)

During the 19th century, evolutionary models of innovation followed a famous thesis of continuity, according to which methods and explanatory patterns of biology should have an important say in the social sciences. In the 20th century, this thesis was considered unacceptable as part of the sharp separation of biology from the social sciences. Recent advances in the biological sciences suggest a way in which a version of the thesis of continuity can be reinstated, to suggest new ways of explaining innovation (...) in the social sciences. Key kinds of innovation can be explained in terms of the evolution of robust complex systems, interpreted as processes of path creation. (shrink)

We discuss the axiomatization of generalized consequence relations determined by non-deterministic matrices. We show that, under reasonable expressiveness requirements, simple axiomatizations can always be obtained, using inference rules which can have more than one conclusion. Further, when the non-deterministic matrices are finite we obtain finite axiomatizations with a suitable generalized subformula property.

This chapter begins with a brief examination of the life of Damaris Cudworth Masham. Section II focuses on her philosophical writing including her correspondence, her ideas on the relationship of faith and reason, her views on reason and women’s education and possible feminist aspects of her views on morality and epistemology.

In 1997, the poet Judy Rowe Michaels was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Over the ensuing 20-plus years, she has published four books of poetry and experienced six recurrences of the disease. This double corpus—the body of literary work produced by a body affected by illness, diagnosis, treatment, remission, and recurrence—provides rich insight into experiences of health, disease, and medical care. But I find Michaels's poetry especially significant because it also offers a means to examine what poetry does, and doesn't do, (...) when it intersects with medicine. As a practitioner of medical humanities, I teach and write about how content and approaches from the humanities can deepen our... (shrink)

Drawing on fieldwork and in-depth interviews with homeschooling mothers in the Pacific Northwest, the author reveals several ways the temporal experience of motherhood was emotionally problematic. The intensive demands of homeschooling left them stressed and dissatisfied with the amount of time they had to pursue their own interests. Mothers tried to allocate their time differently to manage these feelings, yet their efforts were unsuccessful, which led them to become frustrated and resentful. To resolve these troublesome feelings, mothers resorted to manipulating (...) their subjective experiences of time through a process the author calls “temporal emotion work.” In the conclusion, the author examines the theoretical confluence of emotions and temporality, suggesting that the dominant form of motherhood is culturally defined as a “time-sensitive identity” and that “temporal emotions” are unique tools in managing the emotional difficulties inherent in the trajectories of some identities. (shrink)

This study investigates the negative influence of consumer’s perceptions of online retailer’s deceptive practices on consumer’s relational variables. Also, the moderating role of product type, consumer’s attitude toward the Internet, and consumer’s demographics in the deception-relational outcomes link is considered. Data from 398 online consumers revealed that satisfaction totally mediated the influence of deception on loyalty. Furthermore, the deception-satisfaction link was moderated by all the hypothesized variables. Interestingly, a direct effect of deception on loyalty was found among more educated consumers, (...) consumers who had a more positive attitude toward the Internet and consumers who had purchased a physical product. Implications for theory and management are discussed. (shrink)

This article compares Honneth’s attempt to revise socialist thinking on women’s subordination in the family with feminist work on the topic. Both identify economism as the reason why socialism has historically failed to come up with an adequate account of women’s oppression in the family. However, their attempts to overcome economism proceed in different directions. Feminists overcome economism by expanding and enriching ideas of the economic and value producing activity and applying these reworked categories to women’s reproductive labour. Honneth overcomes (...) economism by suspending materialist explanation and focussing on emancipatory ethical dynamics implicit in the family. In comparison to feminist work, Honneth’s ethicised account of gender and family is as reductive as the economism it aims to surmount. First, his progressive historiography engenders a Whiggish narrative of the steady expansion of women’s social freedom in the family that downplays ambiguous and negative historical developments related to the changing nature of patriarchy. Second, his reified archetype of the family obscures the systemic causes of persistent gendered asymmetries within households. Finally, his Hegelian endorsement of institutionally expressed normativity leads in a reformist political direction and away from the radical, deep-democratic options that socialist feminists deem necessary to counteract women’s subordination. (shrink)

The projection postulate is the source of a long standing controversy in the interpretation of the axiomatic foundations of quantum mechanics. In a sense which is made precise in chapter II the projection postulate is a mathematical theorem easily derivable within the mathematical framework of the theory. This theorem receives a clear and straightforward interpretation if Luders' rule is given only statistical significance. Under the assumption that an interpretation of quantum mechanics has to provide an account of the process of (...) measurement as a change on the state of individual systems, however, additional interpretive assumptions are needed in order to arrive at a satisfactory interpretation of Luders' rule. ;I show in chapter III that there are serious problems with the usual interpretation by making explicit in a quantum logical framework the concept of individual state and minimal disturbance implicit in this view. In chapter IV I show that it is possible to formulate a natural interpretation of Luders' rule as a description of 'dispersion free' state transformations within a semantic framework that takes states of individual systems to be represented by Boolean ultrafilters , as opposed to the usual approach that takes individual states to be represented by lattice ultrafilters. This lay the ground for the clarification of several interpretive issues in the foundations of quantum mechanics. It is shown that Luders' rule can be justified as a description of individual state transformations without the need of imposing additional assumptions. The derivation of Luders' rule within the semantic framework of B-states shows an important connection between interpretation that take individual state to be 'relative' to experimental situations and the statistical structure of the theory. (shrink)

This article presents the edition of three unpublished 16th-century scrolls preserved in the Palau Ribes Collection (Barcelona) that contain diagrammatic representations of the holy places of Mecca and Medina. One of them certifies the fulfillment of the major (ḥajj) and minor (ʿumra) pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca on behalf of a little girl, in what appears to be a certificate reused by removing the names of the original parties. The other two documents extoll the city of Medina and (...) the Prophet Muḥammad, as part of the pious visit to his tomb (ziyāra) carried out by individuals who are not mentioned by name. In addition, the three documents share the same material characteristics, and present textual structures that suggest they were mass-produced models. They therefore constitute three case studies evidencing a significant shift in the production of Islamic certificates of pilgrimage, and can thus help expand our knowledge of the ritual itself. (shrink)

The importance of unconscious cognition is seeping into popular consciousness. A number of recent books bridging the academic world and the reading public stress that at least a portion of decision-making depends not on conscious reasoning, but instead on cognition that occurs below awareness. However, these books provide a limited perspective on how the unconscious mind works and the potential power of intuition. This essay is an effort to expand the picture. It is structured around the book that has garnered (...) the most attention, Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink , but it also considers Gut Feelings by Gerd Gigerenzer and How Doctors Think by Jerome Groopman . These books help deepen the . (shrink)

La “conservación de la salud” ha constituido el eje sobre el que se han articulado y evaluado las aportaciones de Descartes a la medicina. Sobre ello, las interpretaciones canónicas se han circunscrito a la terapéutica cartesiana para las enfermedades, obviando otras dimensiones a las que el proyecto médico cartesiano también se dirigió. De ese modo, el presente artículo aborda un segundo sentido de conservación de la salud entendido como “preservación de la salud”, dirigiéndose, para ello, a un análisis de la (...) dieta cartesiana, cuyo empleo evita, según Descartes, la contracción de distintas afecciones. Dicho examen trata de mostrar en qué sentido la dieta posibilita la preservación de la salud, y cómo ésta se justifica apelando a la propia fisiología cartesiana. (shrink)

I conclude that it is more accurate to say that, rather than trying to make logic metaphysical, Leibniz tries, in the context of a theistic system, to make metaphysics logical. ;I begin with a study of the principle of identity of indiscernibles, and show how it is best thought of as a principle which follows from a metaphysical interpretation of the principle of sufficient reason. It has been traditional to interpret the principle of identity of indiscernibles as primarily a merely (...) logical principle, and thus as either trivially true, if Leibniz succeeds in proving it, or else false or contingently true. I argue that it is instead necessarily true in a non-trivial or metaphysical sense, because the principles on which it is based are themselves of this metaphysical character, contrary to what is often assumed. ;In the second chapter, I show how God's activity and a metaphysical interpretation of the principle of sufficient reason underlie Leibniz's account of space and time. ;In the third chapter, I discuss the principle of sufficient reason in detail, showing that it actually consists of three separate principles: the principle of grounds, that every true proposition has a proof a priori; the principle of reason, that God does nothing without a sufficient reason; and the principle of causation, that every event has a cause. That each of these is considered a principle of sufficient reason is explained by Leibniz's equivocal use of the term 'reason.' I show that, of the various versions of the principle of sufficient reason, only the principle of reasons provides an adequate foundation for Leibniz's principle of identity of indiscernibles and theory of space and time. Furthermore, since chapters one and two show how the activity of God is presupposed by Leibniz's metaphysics, for Leibniz to derive his metaphysics from his logic, as some would have us suppose, he would have to provide a satisfactory a priori demonstration of God's existence. But this, I argue, he cannot do. Thus God's existence and rationality, rather than subject-predicate logic, are the foundations of Leibniz's metaphysics. ;It is commonplace, when writing about Leibniz, to give primacy to his logic over his metaphysics, and indeed to try to assimilate the latter to the former. In this essay, however, I give priority to Leibniz's metaphysical pronouncements, apart, as much as possible, from logical and linguistic considerations. (shrink)

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