We prove that if a strongly minimal nonlocally modular reduct of an algebraically closed valued field of characteristic 0 contains +, then this reduct is bi-interpretable with the underlying field.

Different aspects of people's interactions with money are best conceptualized using the drug and tool theories. The key question is when these models of money are most likely to guide behavior. We suggest that the Drug Theory characterizes motivationally active uses of money and that the Tool Theory characterizes behavior in motivationally cool situations. (Published Online April 5 2006).

Avec l'avènement de la dynastie mérinide, un ensemble de facteurs contribuent à renouveller la question de la légitimité du pouvoir au Maghreb. Une nouvelle figure du souverain voit le jour, celle du mawlà. La diffusion de ce titre de proximité va de pair avec l'émergence d'une théologie politique associant les qualités et marques personnelles du souverain en référence à un ensemble de figures validantes. Ce discours, que l'on voit poindre à travers le lexique et le formulaire des écritures emblématiques, trouve (...) ses principales assises auprès de la pensée mystique, notamment sâdilite. Le verset LVII-3 des monnaies mérinides, qualifiant Dieu d'Apparent et de Caché, active une image de la royauté située entre ẓâhir et bâṭin. Le fond du discours, liant économie du Salut et économie de la prospérité, souligne la place spécifique du mawlâ. C'est dans la servitude adorative de son propre Maître que le souverain bénéficie de la grâce {ni‛ma) et du soutien {naṣr) qui fondent sa souveraineté et transforment la force animale inhérente à la royauté en force légitime au profit de la communauté. (shrink)

Ce texte a déjà paru dans Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé [En ligne], 4-1 | 2002. Il reprend, avec quelques modifications de forme, un exposé présenté en 2000 aux journées nationales de médecine du travail en France, dans une période où s'amorçaient de nombreuses négociations liées à la diminution de la durée hebdomadaire légale de travail (« lois Aubry »). Pour amorcer la réflexion proposée ici, nous voudrions évoquer brièvement deux exemples. Le premier ressort d'un propos (...) (...) - Sociologie – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Various four- and three-valued modal propositional logics are studied. The basic systems are modal extensions BK and BS4 of Belnap and Dunn's four-valued logic of firstdegree entailment. Three-valued extensions of BK and BS4 are considered as well. These logics are introduced semantically by means of relational models with two distinct evaluation relations, one for verification and the other for falsification. Axiom systems are defined and shown to be sound and complete with respect to the relational semantics and with respect to (...) twist structures over modal algebras. Sound and complete tableau calculi are presented as well. Moreover, a number of constructive non-modal logics with strong negation are faithfully embedded into BS4, into its three-valued extension B3S4, or into temporal BS4, BtS4. These logics include David Nelson's three-valued logic N3, the four-valued logic N4 bottom, the connexive logic C, and several extensions of bi-intuitionistic logic by strong negation. (shrink)

En 1517, il y a cinq cents ans, la réforme de Luther fracture l'Europe. La même année, les conquistadores espagnols s'en prennent au Mexique, qu'ils colonisent et christianisent. Ils y introduisent aussi notre façon d'écrire l'histoire. Les vainqueurs ignorent tout des sociétés indigènes. Or pour imposer leur loi, ils doivent impérativement connaître les coutumes et donc le passé des vaincus. Mais que sont l'histoire et le temps dans l'esprit des Indiens? Le temps n'est pas encore une valeur universelle. Comment les (...) Espagnols formatés dans une Europe chrétienne où l'histoire est chronologique et orientée auraient-ils pu concevoir et accepter la cosmologie méso-américaine? Civilisés contre barbares? En quelques décennies, la machine à remonter le temps des envahisseurs s'emploie à capturer les mémoires des sociétés amérindiennes pour leur fabriquer un passé qui puisse être rattaché au patrimoine antique de la chrétienté. Du côté des Indiens, le souvenir de leur monde au sein duquel les êtres, les choses et les dieux étaient liés se dilue avec le passage des générations même si, dans les codex ou dans les mystérieux cantares, subsistent quelques pans secrets de leur mémoire. Serge Gruzinski propose ici une exploration inédite des débuts de l'expansion coloniale et nous explique comment, sur le terrain, religieux et Indiens se mettent à écrire l'histoire du monde. (shrink)

1Neurology Department and Cyclotron Research Center, University of Lie`ge, Sart Tilman B30, 4000 Liege, Belgium 2Neurorehabilitation Medicine, Hoˆpital Caremeau, CHU Nıˆmes, 30029 Nıˆmes Cedex, France 3Department of Speech Therapy, Hospital Pitie´ Salpe´trie`re, Paris and French Association Locked in Syndrome (ALIS), 225 Bd Jean-Jaures, MBE 182, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France 4Neurosciences et Syste`mes Sensoriels Unite´ Mixte de Recherche 5020, Universite´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 – CNRS, 69007 Lyon, France 5Intensive Care Medicine, Hoˆpital Erasme, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 (...) Brussels, Belgium 6Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Clinic, CHU University Hospital, Sart Tilman B33, 4000 Liege, Belgium 7German Association Locked in Syndrome LIS e.V., Evangelischen Krankenhaus Ko¨ningin Elisabeth Herzberge gGmbh (Lehrkrankenhaus der Charite´), Haus 30, Herzbergstrasse 79, 10365 Berlin, Germany 8Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Re´gional de la Citadelle, Boulevard du 12e de Ligne 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium 9Biomedical PET Unit, Hoˆpital Erasme, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.. (shrink)

Peer review of journal submissions has become one of the most important pillars of quality management in academic publishing. Because of growing concerns with the quality and effectiveness of the system, a host of enthusiastic innovators has proposed and experimented with new procedures and technologies. However, little is known about whether these innovations manage to convince other journal editors. This paper will address open questions regarding the implementation of new review procedures, the occurrence rate of various peer review procedures and (...) their distribution over scientific disciplines or academic publishers, as well as the motivations for editors or publishers to engage in novel review procedures. It shows that in spite of enthusiastic innovation, the adoption of new peer review procedures is in fact very slow, with the exception of text similarity scanners. For now, peer review innovations appear to be restricted to specific niches in academic publishing. Analysing these niches, the article concludes with a reflection on the circumstances in which innovations might be more widely implemented. (shrink)

Active ending of the life of a newborn baby is a crime. Yet its clandestine practise is a reality in several European countries. In this paper, we defend the necessity to institute a proper legal frame for what we define as active neonatal euthanasia. The only legal attempt so far, the Dutch Groningen protocol, is not satisfactory. We critically analyse this protocol, as well as several other clinical practises and philosophical stances. Furthermore, we have tried to integrate our opinions as (...) clinicians into a law project, with the purpose of pinpointing several issues, specific of perinatality that should be addressed by such a law. In conclusion, we argue that the legalisation of neonatal euthanasia under exceptional circumstances is the only way to avoid all the “well-intentioned” malpractices associated with ending life at the very dawn of it. (shrink)

Serge Mboukou. – Votre collaboration et votre travail au long cours semblent croiser avec force les fils souvent tendus et tragiques d’une actualité qui ne cesse, s’il en était besoin, de confirmer vos analyses et, en tout cas, d’en souligner la pertinence. Ils en appellent, au fond, à une analyse et une réflexion conséquentes. Si le texte que vous présentez aujourd’hui au public semble fonctionner comme un précipité lié aux accélérations et aux explosions de l’actualité,...

Cet article propose une hypothèse au sujet des Oracles Chaldaïques en les abordant sous l’angle de l’histoire de leur réception. L’objectif de l’A. est de replacer l’origine de ces oracles dans le contexte immédiat de la spiritualité néoplatonicienne. L’hypothèse proposée est illustrée par quelques vers de Proclus qui nous sont rapportés par son disciple Marinus dans son traité Proclus ou sur le bonheur ainsi que par quelques témoignages littéraires sur la conception de la prière chez les néoplatoniciens. L’article se termine (...) sur un exemple de réception moderne des Oracles Chaldaïques. This paper proposes a hypothesis on the Chaldean Oracles by an approach under the angle of the history of their reception. The objective of the A. is to replace the origin of these oracles in the immediate context of Neoplatonician’s spirituality. The hypothesis suggested is illustrated by some verses of Proclus which are brought back to us by his disciple Marinus in his Proclus or on happiness as well as by some literary testimonies on the conception of prayer among Neoplatonicians. The paper finishes on a modern example of reception of the Chaldean Oracles. (shrink)

"Advances in Psychology Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology.

This first book in English by Serge-Christophe Kolm provides an overview of his far-reaching vision of distributive justice. Kolm derives justice from considerations of rationality.

On trouvera ce texte en ligne, ainsi que de très nombreux autres travaux de Serge Mouraviev, également ici. Une des particularités de la prose du philosophe grec Héraclite d'Éphèse est sa richesse exceptionnelle en structures poétiques et figures de rhétorique dont il faut tenir compte et comprendre le rôle si on souhaite vraiment s'initier à sa doctrine ou, plus exactement, communier sous le sens profond de sa - Études grecques et latines – Nouvel article.

Ce texte a déjà paru dans M. Capasso, F. de Martino, P. Rosati, Studi di filosofia preplatonica, Napoli, Bibliopolis, 1985, p. 159-172. On le trouvera en ligne, ainsi que de très nombreux autres travaux de Serge Mouraviev, également ici. Cratyle l'Athénien, dont la tradition fait un héraclitéen et le premier maître à penser de Platon, avait-il une « philosophie » à lui ? Rien ne l'atteste, et nous ne serions guère étonnés d'apprendre qu'il n'en avait aucun. Partisan convaincu d'Héraclite, (...) il pouvait - Études grecques et latines – Nouvel article. (shrink)

A far-reaching reinterpretation of Plato’s Timaeus and its engagement with time, eternity, body, and soul that in its original French edition profoundly influenced Derrida The Tomb of the Artisan God provides a radical rereading of Timaeus, Plato’s metaphysical text on time, eternity, and the relationship between soul and body. First published in French in 1995, the original edition of Serge Margel’s book included an extensive introductory essay by Jacques Derrida, who drew on Margel’s insights in developing his own concepts (...) of time, the promise, the world, and khōra. Now available in English with a new preface by Margel, this engagement with Platonic thought proceeds from two questions that span the history of philosophy: What is time? What is the body? Margel’s twinned interrogation centers around Plato’s concept of the demiurge (divine artisan or craftsman): its body, its anthropomorphic attributes, its productive capacities and regulatory functions in the ordering/organization/assembling of the world. He posits that this paradoxical figure is not merely a cosmological metaphor for the living body but also the site of its destruction, dissolution, and disappearance. Torn between the finite and the infinite, being and becoming, the concept of demiurge also poses metaphysical questions about time, time before time, and the end of time. The ontological status of the demiurge’s body, Margel argues, would become increasingly decisive in the history of philosophy, particularly in Christianity and the dogma of incarnation. (shrink)

While philosophers have, for centuries, pondered upon the relation between mind and brain, neuroscientists have only recently been able to explore the connection analytically — to peer inside the black box. This ability stems from recent advances in technology and emerging neuroimaging modalities. It is now possible not only to produce remarkably detailed images of the brain’s structure (i.e. anatomical imaging) but also to capture images of the physiology associated with mental processes (i.e. functional imaging). We are able to see (...) how specific regions of the brain ‘light up’ when activities such as reading this book are performed, and how our neurons and their elaborate cast of supporting cells organize and coordinate their tasks. As demonstrated in the other chapters of this book, the mapping of the human mind (mostly by measuring regional changes in blood flow, initially by positron emission tomography (PET) and recently by functional magnetic resonance imaging or (fMRI)) has provided insight into the functional neuroanatomy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Amazingly, the idea that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is related intimately to brain function goes back more than a century. As is often the case in science, this idea was initially the result of unexpected observations. The Italian physiologist Angelo Mosso first expressed the idea while studying pulsations of the living human brain that keep pace with the heartbeat (Mosso, 1881). These brain pulsations can be observed on the surface of the fontanelles in newborn children. Mosso believed that they reflected blood flow to the brain. He observed similar pulsations in an adult with a post-traumatic skull defect over the frontal lobes. While studying this subject, a peasant named Bertino, Mosso observed a sudden increase in the magnitude of the ‘brain’s heart-beats’ when the church bells signalled 12 o’clock, the time for a required prayer. The changes in brain pulsations occurred independently of any change in pulsations in the forearm.. (shrink)

In 1926, François Machon, a Swiss physician who lived for many years in Argentina, organised the restitution of a religious garment that had been stolen from the cathedral of Paraguay in the late 1860s and was kept in the Swiss Musée d'ethnographie de Neuchâtel (MEN) in exchange for a small part of his ethnographic collection. In the following decade, he donated more of his own collections to the MEN, but also negotiated as a go-between for the donation of his son (...) Roger's collections. On one occasion he managed, again, to arrange the exchange of a proto-historic Swiss lake-dweller axe for a small collection of Amerindian artefacts. The Machons' case sheds light on the logics of donations of a private collection holder, his tactics and strategies of persuasion, and his entangled web of affects, straddling two countries and two networks of fidelity in a context of migration. It also helps us understand the complex rationalities of acquisition and the polysemy of a peripheral municipal cultural institution. This case informs us about the rationales of a peripheral museum and on the criteria used to assess the quality of donators and their collections; it illustrates the asymmetry of the exchange values of European and South American, ancient and contemporary, artefacts, and the unequal vocality of the different actors. Similarly, it gives us a perspective on the rationales that were mobilised to justify giving away parts of its collections. The exchange of artefacts between the Machons and the MEN helps us understand museums not only as patrimonial of scientific institutions, but also as economic actors, whose agents convince, gamble, bargain, and negotiate, and try to make best use of their resources, symbolic and monetary, to increase their assets and social benefits. (shrink)

L'image de l'Afrique dans les télévisions francophones du Nord est tributaire de plusieurs facteurs : les survivances de la vision coloniale, la géopolitique des catastrophes et des violences, la connivence institutionnelle des médias et dirigeants africains et les rapports inégaux dans les relations Nord/Sud.The image of Africa in the TV programmes of francophone countries in the North is affected by several factors including the vestiges of the colonial outlook on Africa, the geopolitics of disasters and violence, the connivance of African (...) media at institutional level, the collusion of African leaders and inequality in North-South relationships. (shrink)

La société de l'information est devenue la nouvelle valeur du XXI siècle. Elle a la prétention de réunir les continents dans un même village. Dans la réalité, des facteurs socio-économiques et culturels imposent à l'humanité plusieurs sociétés de l'information dont les performances sont liées au niveau de maîtrise de ces nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication.The IT world has become the new reference value of the 21st century. It claims to unite all the continents in a global village (...) but, in reality, socio-economic and cultural factors have established many IT worlds whose performances are dependent on people’s mastery of the New Technologies of Information and Communication. (shrink)

This volume surveys 150 law books of fundamental importance in the history of Western legal literature and culture. The entries are organized in three sections: the first dealing with the transitional period of fifteenth-century editions of medieval authorities, the second spanning the early modern period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and the third focusing on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The contributors are scholars from all over the world. Each 'old book' is analyzed by a recognized specialist in (...) the specific field of interest. Individual entries give a short biography of the author and discuss the significance of the works in the time and setting of their publication, and in their broader influence on the development of law worldwide. Introductory essays explore the development of Western legal traditions, especially the influence of the English common law, and of Roman and canon law on legal writers, and the borrowings and interaction between them. The book goes beyond the study of institutions and traditions of individual countries to chart a broader perspective on the transmission of legal concepts across legal, political, and geographical boundaries. Examining the branches of this genealogical tree of books makes clear their pervasive influence on modern legal systems, including attempts at rationalizing custom or creating new hybrid systems by transplanting Western legal concepts into other jurisdictions. (shrink)

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal, raw rapeseed meal, and a fermented meal with yeast and fungi were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids for olive flounder using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum (...) ADC of dry matter, and energy. Fermented meals showed higher ADC. Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to present a strongly complete first order functional predicate calculus generalized to models containing not only ordinary classical total functions but also arbitrary partial functions. The completeness proof follows Henkin’s approach, but instead of using maximally consistent sets, we define saturated deductively closed consistent sets . This provides not only a completeness theorem but a representation theorem: any SDCCS defines a canonical model which determine a unique partial value for every predicate symbol and any (...) function symbol. Any SDCCS can thus be interpreted as an epistemic state. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage porte sur la notion de surface, ses plans, ses dimensions et ses propriétés, mais surtout sur ses fonctions dans l'univers artistique. Dès les premiers collages cubistes, ce sont les avant-gardes du début du XXe siècle qui ont fait de cette entité l'élément principal de l'art, de ses opérations et de ses visions. Avec l'invention du cinématographe, du phonographe, et la nouvelle typographie, elle a été repensée en profondeur, vouée à une existence renouvelée au travers de procédés artistiques comme (...) le collage et le montage. C'est dire qu'elle n'a rien d'une catégorie figée et qu'il s'agit d'en faire l'histoire en même temps que la théorie. C'est ce à quoi s'attache cette étude, véritable traversée des avant-gardes occidentales (arts plastiques, cinéma, théâtre, poésie) élaborée au filtre d'une logique des surfaces généralisée. De Picasso à Abel Gance, de Braque à Fernand Léger, d'Apollinaire à Eisenstein, c'est tout un pan de la pensée et de la création qui est ici mis puissamment en perspective au moyen d'analyses aussi précises dans la saisie de leurs objets que dans la traversée de la littérature qu'ils ont suscitée. On y découvrira non seulement une nouvelle histoire des avant-gardes, largement critique par rapport à l'approche formaliste des surfaces (celle de Clement Greenberg notamment), mais aussi une nouvelle histoire de la quatrième dimension, enjeu majeur d'un grand nombre de travaux modernistes. Des surfaces donc ou d'une vision profondément renouvelée du sens et des effets de la création."--back cover. (shrink)

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) fut un des derniers grands esprits encyclopédiques de l’Allemagne du tournant du xxe siècle. Adepte d’une psychologie scientifique, il établit dès le début des années 1860 une distinction opérationnelle entre la Psychologie expérimentale et la Völkerpsychologie. Les intellectuels français (e.g. Ribot, Durkheim) vont rapidement être séduits tout d’abord par son œuvre physiologique, puis surtout par son œuvre psychologique et être intéressés par son approche philosophique et métaphysique. Mais il n’est resté que peu de choses jusqu’à présent dans (...) la pensée psychologique, sociologique et philosophique françaises de l’œuvre de Wundt, qui mériterait néanmoins un ré-examen approfondi. (shrink)

This paper investigates the semantic bases of class membership in the noun class system of Gújjolaay Eegimaa (Eegimaa henceforth), a Niger-Congo and Atlantic language of the BAK group spoken in Southern Senegal. The question of whether semantic principles underlie the overt classification of nouns in Niger-Congo languages is a controversial one. There is a common perception of Niger-Congo noun class systems as being mainly semantically arbitrary. The goal of the present paper is to show that physical properties and culture-specific factors (...) are central principles of semantic categorisation in the Eegimaa noun class system. I argue that the Eegimaa overt grammatical classification of nouns into classes is a semantic categorisation system whereby categories are structured according to prototypicality, family resemblance, metaphorical and metonymic extensions and chaining processes, as argued within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. I show that the categorisation of entities in the Eegimaa nominal classification system productively makes use of physical properties such as shape as well as using culture-specific, less productive parameters for the semantic categorisation of entities denoted by nouns. The analysis proposed here also shows that the cases of multiple morphosyntactic classifications of nouns reflect multiple conceptual categorisation strategies. A detailed examination of the formal and semantic instances of multiple classification reveals the existence of conceptual correlations between the physical properties and the culture-specific semantic parameters of categorisation used in the Eegimaa noun class system. (shrink)

During the last decades, the psychology of reasoning has identified experimentally many fallacies committed by spontaneous reasoners. Given these experimental results, some theories have been developed about this phenomenon, mainly algorithmic theories. This paper develops instead a computational modelling of these current fallacies which appear as simplifications in the treatment of information that do not respect the formal rules of classical propositional logic. These fallacies are explained as crushes in the Klein group structure and so, in squares of opposition. These (...) crushes are an effect of not to take into account the dual of the binary operator at work in the major premise of the inference. This analysis allows predictions on fallacies not identified before, which are fallacies produced when reasoning with incompatibilities. The paper concludes with consequences of the analysis on pedagogical strategies for the teaching of logic. (shrink)

Qu'est-ce que la conscience? Un chemin pour se connaître. La question de la conscience est sans doute la plus importante de la philosophie, mais aussi la plus essentielle dans nos vies : sans la conscience, il n'y a pas de philosophie et nous n'existons plus! Dans cet ouvrage magistral, Serge Carfantan pose la question de la conscience en s'appuyant sur les philosophes orientaux et occidentaux. Des auteurs classiques sont convoqués : Pascal, Hegel, Descartes, Kant, Husserl, Bergson, Sartre, Maine de (...) Biran, Freud, Simone Weil mais aussi des maîtres indiens, des enseignants spirituels ou des poètes : Ramana Maharshi, Nisargadatta Maharaj, Swami Prajnanpad, Krisnamurti, René Daumal, Jean Klein, Steve Jourdain... L'auteur distingue les différents états de conscience, donne la signification de l'éveil spirituel, de la conscience pure, et propose un véritable chemin de connaissance de soi. (shrink)

This full-color title is designed to be a classic reference for the millions of photographers going to digital, from enthusiasts shooting family events and vacations with their SLRs, to professionals creating journalistic prints and fine art. It?s the only book on the market with a focus on complete, end-to-end workflow from shoot to print. It?s tied to Adobe?s latest version of Photoshop, which boasts an installed base of 4 million! Serge Timacheff is a professional photographer living in Pacific Northwest. (...) He is the official photographer for the International Fencing Federation, based in Lausanne, Switzerland, and he photographs fencing at World Championships and the Summer Olympics. His 100-percent digital studio provides portraiture, event, commercial, and boudoir photography, and his fine art photographs appear in galleries and individual collections worldwide. David Karlins is a digital imaging expert, Web designer, teacher, consultant and author of numerous books and magazine articles. (shrink)