Åsa Burman has recently introduced the important notion of telic power and differentiated it from deontic power in an attempt to build a bridge between ideal and non-ideal social ontology. We find Burman’s project promising but we argue that more is to be done to make it entirely successful. First, there is a palpable tension between Burman’s claim that telic power can be ontologically independent of deontic power and her examples, which suggests that these forms of power share the same (...) basis. Second, it is not completely clear how telic power specifically helps non-ideal social ontologists explain oppression. We offer solutions to both problems. First, we argue that Burman’s arguments for the conclusion that telic power can exist without deontic power are unsuccessful. Burman contends that this is possible because some social roles involving telic power can exist independently of institutions as sets of constitutive rules, which are––in her opinion––the source of deontic power. Burman’s arguments are not persuasive because she disregards the plausible view that all social roles involve deontic power, whether or not they are institutional. Second, we argue that while the exercise of deontic power requires a collective recognition of the social roles of the interacting agents and, therefore, a recognition of the associated norms, the exercise of telic power does not require recognition of the relevant norms. This is why invoking telic power is particularly useful in explaining how oppression and injustice can arise. Lastly, we suggest that the relation between teleological normativity and the forms of telic power has not been fully clarified by Burman and requires a deeper analysis. (shrink)

Åsa Burman has written an illuminating monograph in the flourishing field of analytical social ontology. The book is both a reconstruction of recent development.

This paper investigates the link between the consumer perception that a company is socially oriented and the consumer intention to buy products marketed by that company. We suggest that this link exists when at least two conditions prevail: (1) the products sold by that company comply with ethical and social requirements; (2) the company has an acknowledged commitment to protect consumer rights and interests. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a survey among the clients of retail chains offering Fair Trade (...) products. The results show that socially oriented companies can successfully leverage their reputation to market products with high symbolic values. (shrink)

This paper brings together, for the first time, Machiavelli’s interest in political and social conflicts and some ethnographical sources concerning the contemporary discovery of cannibals in the Caribbean as well as in Brazil (Tupinamba). The hypothesis is that knowledge of these sources represents a filter that allowed Machiavelli to reinterpret social clashes notably in Florentine urban context.

This literature review systematically synthesizes studies that link consumer research to differences and similarities in virtue ethics between the East and the West, with a focus on early Chinese and ancient Greek virtue ethics. These two major traditions provide principles that guide consumer behavior and thus serve as a background to comparatively explain and evaluate the ethical nature of consumer behavior in the East and the West. The paper first covers Eastern and Western theoretical and normative approaches of virtue ethics (...) in the field of consumer research. The subsequent systematic literature review then synthesizes empirical works in this field. Since only a few papers adopt a cross-cultural consumer research perspective, one of the main aims of this review is to encourage scholars to pursue both theoretical and empirical cross-cultural consumer research on virtue ethics. To this end, the paper closes by suggesting some fruitful directions for future research to stimulate this relatively under-researched area. (shrink)

Scholarly research largely converges on the argument that trust is of paramount importance to drive economic agents toward mutually satisfactory, fair, and ethically compliant behaviors. There is, however, little agreement on the meaning of trust, whose conceptualizations differ with respect to actors, relationships, behaviors, and contexts. At present, we know much better what trust does than what trust is. In this article, we present an extensive review and analysis of the most prominent articles on trust in market relationships. Using computer-aided (...) content analysis and network analysis methods, we identify key, recurring dimensions that guided the conceptualization of trust in past research, and show how trust can be developed as a multifaceted and layered construct. Our results are an important contribution to a convergence of research toward a shared and common view of the meaning of trust. This process is important to ensure the body of trust research’s internal theoretical consistency, and to provide reliable and common principles for the management of business relationships – a context in which opportunism and imperfect information may induce economic actors to cheat and stray from fair and ethically compliant behaviors. (shrink)

I discuss two competing theories of the progressive: the theory proposed in Parsons (1980, 1985, 1989, 1990) and the theory proposed in Landman (1992). These theories differ in more than one way. Landman regards the progressive as an intentional operator, while Parsons doesn't. Moreover, Landman and Parsons disagree on what uninflected predicates denote. For Landman, cross the street has in its denotation complete events of crossing the street; the aspectual contribution of English simple past (perfective aspect) is the identity function. (...) For Parsons, both complete and incomplete events of crossing the street can be in the denotation of the base VP; perfective aspect restricts its denotation to the events that culminate. I present a version of ParsonÕs theory that avoids the problems raised by Landman, in particular the problem posed for Parsons by creation verbs. The repaired version and Landman's theory still differ in the way they analyze uninflected verbs. The repaired version and Landman's theory still differ in the way they analyze uninflected predicates. I present evidence from Slavic languages that both theories are needed. Finally, I discuss some evidence that may favor one or the other approach to the semantics of the English progressive. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to interpret the naturalist epistemological project of W. Quine from a problematic nucleus that we can identify in I. Kant, especially in the Critique of Pure Reason, which is expressed in the categories of explanation-justification, experimental psychology and transcendental philosophy. The hypothesis of our work is that the naturalization of epistemology in a psychology by Quine is possible due to a dissolution of the limits of the concepts of explanation and justification, which have in (...) Quine a translation in the notions of concept and doctrine. To account for this, (i) we will propose, in a general way, the Kantian problematic nucleus about the distinction between explanation and justification and its relationship with the experimental psychology of the 18 th century; ii) we will analyze some important texts of W. Quine where he bases the project of a naturalization of epistemology. Our focus will be to establish the relationship between concept and doctrine as translations of Quine of the concepts of explanation and justification; (iii) finally; we will describe the psychology as a new epistemology and observational statements as an expression of this epistemological turn of Quine. (shrink)

La relación entre Santo Tomás de Aquino y el Maestro Eckhart es un tema complejo, especialmente en lo referido a la noética. Nuestro trabajo explora la posibilidad de establecer conexiones y diferencias a partir del ejemplo noético del muro usado por el Aquinate en De unitate intellectus, y al cual Eckhart hace referencia en algunas de sus obras. Se ofrece un análisis del ejemplo del muro y su uso por parte de Eckhart en algunos de sus sermones y tratados. A (...) partir de ahí, se concluye que la perspectiva de Eckhart, si bien conoce la posición del Aquinate, supera los esquemas tomistas. (shrink)

English summary: The relationship between Jean-Paul Sartre and the left in France and Europe has always been a tense one. This work examines the integration of the figure of Trotsky and his ideas into the broad range of Sartre's discourse and traces its importance for the development of an independent intellectual course with respect to philosophy and politics. German description: Die Beziehung zwischen Jean-Paul Sartre und der Linken in Frankreich und Europa gestaltete sich stets spannungsreich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird (...) die Integration der Figur und der Ideen Trotzkis in die diskursive Klaviatur Sartres in Augenschein genommen und deren Bedeutung fur die Entwicklung eines unabhangigen intellektuellen Kurses in philosophischer wie politischer Hinsicht nachgezeichnet. (shrink)

Many questions arise in any Western discussion of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Does China’s BRI represent a new world order that aligns with European values and interests? Alternatively,...

A crítica da verdade tem sido tônica do pensamento de muitos autores da contemporaneidade, e, dentre esses destacamos a obra do filósofo lituano/francês Emmanuel Levinas em sua Crítica à ontologia e na defesa da exterioridade como alteridade. Em seu escopo, o artigo que apresentamos traça uma análise da precariedade e finitude de nossos ditos, assim como da impossibilidade desses se darem conta da dimensão maior do dizer da vida. A ideia é dar ênfase à precariedade, à complexidade e à imponderabilidade (...) de nossos discursos e de nossos saberes. (shrink)

This article deals with Kurt Wolff’s interpretation of Karl Mannheim, with reference to his writings on social planning. Wolff’s interpretation is presented and discussed in the context provided by other interpreters of Mannheim. They have, generally speaking, given scant attention to the late works by Mannheim, and rather focused on Ideology and Utopia, Mannheim’s most celebrated work. Interpreters who have considered these writings on planning have been mostly or entirely critical of them, objecting to their vagueness and inadequacy as a (...) project of social reform, and the unsatisfactory conceptualization of the élites. These objections have been raised by several interpreters of different ideological persuasions, from the Marxist thinkers Adorno and Lukacs to the conservative T.S. Eliot. Wolff’s interpretation stands out in that it pays less attention to the social and political contents of Mannheim’s reform project, but brings into light its psychological background; namely, the deep anguish Mannheim experienced because of the widespread tendencies to the formation of a mass society, prone to the forces of irrationalism and authoritarianism. A perusal of Mannheim’s works on planning bears out Wolff’s interpretation. (shrink)

U ovom članku predstavljamo Da Costine sustave Cω i C1 . Da bismo ilustrirali specifična svojstva ovih sustava, koristimo mnogobrojne primjere te iznosimo poznatu konstrukciju kvazimatrica. Uz konstrukciju, dajemo svoj dokaz adekvatnosti kvazimatrica u C1, pri čemu je ovaj dokaz moguće proširiti na cijelu Cn hijerarhiju.

Wenn eine Kultur etwas als Erfindung akzeptiert, dann hat dieses Etwas bereits den Status einer Tatsache erhalten, die vorhanden ist und auf ihren Nutzen oder auf ihre Funktion hin befragt werden kann. Was aber geschieht davor? Wie gewinnt das Erfundene Wirklichkeit? Wie in der Kunst, wie im Theater, wie in der Literatur und Musik, wie in der Wissenschaft? Und mit welchen Folgen? Die Beiträge in diesem Band beschäftigen sich alle mit einem Moment oder einem bestimmten Modell der Invention. Ausgehend von (...) den jeweils involvierten Medien wird der Versuch unternommen, diese Momente und Modelle zu rekonstruieren. Um etwas über die entsprechenden Inventionen in Erfahrung bringen zu können, werden diese als Ergebnisse oder Effekte von Improvisationsprozessen begriffen: Improvisationen in dem Sinne, dass von einem grundsätzlich offenen Zukunftsspielraum ausgegangen wird, gleichzeitig aber auch davon, dass es ein Umgebungs- und Verfahrenswissen gibt, das im Einzelfall beschrieben werden kann. (shrink)

When an event occurs which involves a change from a state ϕ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi$$\end{document} to a state not-ϕ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi$$\end{document}, when does the change occur? This is known in the philosophical literature as the problem of the moment of change. I discuss a puzzle based on this problem raised by Sextus Empiricus in Against the Physicists. I compare two lines of solution, one provided by (...) Hans Kamp’s work on the logic of change and the other inspired by Aristotle’s claim that change cannot happen at an instant. I end with a discussion of these solutions vis-à-vis the account of cessation implicatures proposed by Altshuler and Schwarzschild. (shrink)

This study delves into the significant ethical criteria in the context of global standards. It addresses the moral wrongdoings and adverse side effects associated with global value chains as discussed in the business ethics literature. The methodology involves theoretical application and synthesis. The study employs ethical principles from deontology, consequentialism, and political cosmopolitanism to establish normative criteria such as “injustice and harm to others” and “bad outcomes.” It further investigates how these criteria should influence consumers' decisions, actions, and responsibilities. These (...) criteria are then used to examine the moral wrongdoings and negative effects mentioned in global standards. The study explores how global standards implicitly express consumers' roles in governing global value chains. It scrutinizes consumers' actions and decisions by applying ethical frameworks to global standards. The study outlines consumers' individual and political responsibilities in achieving the goals of global standards. The research findings have implications for governments, consumers, and organizations in practicing shared responsibility. The aim of this research is to provide normative guidance for responsible actions. (shrink)

Smartphones abrangem várias funcionalidades – telefonia, e-mails, dispositivo de áudio e vídeo, interação por meio de aplicativos – que têm operado transformações nas formas como os sujeitos se movimentam, aprendem e habitam os centros urbanos. Inscrita no referencial dos Estudos Culturais, este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa exploratória que problematiza os usos de smartphones e certos deslocamentos no entendimento sobre aprendizagem. Assim, dois movimentos de investigação se interligam, sendo o primeiro uma exposição sobre a emergência de smartphones, e o (...) segundo um exame das relações entre os sujeitos e um tipo de mobilidade operada por smartphones. Os resultados indicam um tipo de aprendizagem diante das telas ao estilo móvel, ensinando formas de ser sujeito na sociedade contemporânea. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre as perseguições e violências em razão da escravidão e do racismo institucional as Nações de Candomblé no município de Cachoeira, como também em observar como os termos geográficos são importantes no processo de descolonização na contemporaneidade. Foi utilizada uma metodologia desenvolvida por meio de investigação participante em alguns terreiros, trabalho de campo e entrevistas com lideranças religiosas no território de Cachoeira-BA; a análise foi concentrada em dados da publicação da SEPROMI com duas (...) tabelas que apresentam as Nações de Candomblé de Cachoeira, sendo um total de 48 Terreiros de Candomblé. Foram utilizadas também músicas de blocos afros gravadas pela banda Reflexus antes da década de 2003 que abordam adjetivações positivas com relação a aspectos geográficos antes da criação das leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08. Um dos resultados é que o termo Nação e Pátria são importantes para o processo de descolonização com a afirmação de valores africanos e afro-brasileiros para a população negra de Cachoeira-BA. Palavras-chave: Nações; Candomblé; Terreiro; Aspectos geográficos; Contemporaneidade. (shrink)

nas doze séries iniciais da Lógica do sentido, tendo como principais referências a literatura de Lewis Carroll e a filosofia estoica, Gilles Deleuze se dedica a construir o que chama de organização secundária da superfície, partindo da articulação entre os corpos e a linguagem produzida pelo sentido enquanto acontecimento. Na organização secundária da superfície, o sentido é o efeito das ações e das paixões dos corpos que agem uns sobre os outros, de suas misturas. Na 13ª série desse mesmo livro, (...) Deleuze nos coloca diante de algo bem distinto: não a organização secundária da superfície, mas a ordem primária da esquizofrenia. Impõe-se um não-sentido que faz desmoronar a organização da superfície e que se anuncia como uma vida tempestiva e convulsiva. No entanto, como veremos, esse não-sentido também aponta para a possibilidade de uma produção, de uma expressão criativa outra que a do sentido. Para entender de que maneira esse desmoronamento da superfície pode se tornar uma criação é preciso lidar com a discussão proposta por Deleuze sobre a linguagem da esquizofrenia em Antonin Artaud. (shrink)

En partant de l’image de la servitude volontaire comme un enchantement collectif qui apparaît au début du Discours de la servitude volontaire d’Étienne de La Boétie, cet article explore la transformation que subit la notion d’enchanteur au début du XVI e siècle. Les différents contextes que cette image permet d’identifier, indiquent que le Discours s’inscrit, de manière originale, dans la longue tradition médicale sur le pouvoir des enchantements. Cette reconstruction accorde un rôle central à la figure du chef thaumaturge, dont (...) les caractéristiques sont définies par Machiavel et Pomponazzi. L’article se termine par une comparaison entre le paradigme thaumaturgique et le paradigme charismatique et s’ouvre sur une archéologie du populisme. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta o livro O fogo e o relato. Ensaios sobre criação, escrita, arte e livros, do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, discutindo alguns dos limiares poéticos do seu pensamento político. Parte-se de alguns dos debates subentendidos de Agamben com Jacques Derrida sobre linguagem e literatura, passa-se pelo ato poético como ato de resistência, define-se a potência inoperante presente em gestos de interrupção discursiva e chega-se à discussão sobre vida e obra em contexto biopolítico. Seguindo a ordem dos capítulos, mas (...) sem pretender esgotá-los, o pressuposto do artigo é de que o italiano, que tem a poesia e a literatura geralmente vinculada a uma espécie de “primeira fase” de sua obra, também na série biopolítica nomeada Homo Sacer lançou mão da poesia e da literatura como forte estratégia de resistência e abertura de limiares ante a lógica que se desenha do poder soberano. Se, por um lado, o livro pode ser lido como formando um círculo hermenêutico, os capítulos, por outro lado, permitem ao leitor perceber as principais linhas em que filosofia, literatura, poesia e política se entrecruzam para o pensador italiano. Por isso, também, recorreu-se à relação direta de alguns argumentos expostos em O fogo e o relato tanto com noções e argumentos presentes em outros livros de Agamben, quanto pontualmente com outros interlocutores. (shrink)

This book reexamines the birth of quantum mechanics, in particular examining the development of crucial and original insights of Bohr. In particular, it gives a detailed study of the development and the interpretation given to Bohr's Principle of Correspondence. It also describes the role that this principle played in guiding Bohr's research over the critical period from 1920 to 1927.

O livro Paulo Freire: uma arqueologia bibliográfica é fruto de um denso esforço investigativo que reuniu pesquisadores(as) brasileiros(as) sobre o pensamento freireano, buscando analisar e evidenciar o conjunto de influências presentes em sua obra. Na forma de uma arqueologia, escava o conjunto de escritos de Freire desde o final dos anos de 1950, até as obras publicadas postumamente. Como resultado, elenca e analisa no formato de verbetes 501 presenças identificadas nos seus livros, incluindo autores e autoras, instituições, pessoas, lugares e (...) fatos históricos, proporcionando aos leitores e às leitoras um amplo panorama teórico e conceitual do seu pensamento político e pedagógico. Portanto, este livro é indicada a estudantes, pesquisadores e demais interessados em compreender a complexa e densa estrutura teórica que Paulo Freire consolidou em seus mais de 30 livros publicados. A expressão “Arqueologia bibliográfica” pretende remeter à compreensão que o próprio Paulo Freire tinha da consciência, respectivamente da conscientização, como uma construção histórica composta por complexas tramas que se relacionam de muitas formas, ora se contrapondo, ora se complementando ou confirmando, todas elas compondo um estar-no-mundo único. O livro apresenta instrumentos que auxiliam a encontrar peças e rastros deixados nas páginas por esse nosso grande educador, que inspirem olhares mais profundos e mais largos sobre a educação em nosso tempo. Com as informações sobre a bibliografia referida neste livro, cada leitor e cada leitora poderá compor com mais propriedade a sua própria narrativa sobre Paulo Freire e sua obra. (shrink)

Em nosso trabalho buscamos refletir, a partir do filme Boa sorte, Leo Grande, da diretora Sophie Hyde, como a relação entre corpo, desejo e afeto aparece no longa, e se imbrica na troca que Leo Grande e Nancy Stokes têm entre si, partindo de seus diálogos, dos textos corporais enquadrado pela câmera e de todos os outros elementos que compõe a obra. Para tal, nos baseamos teoricamente em Byung-Chul Han (2017; 2019), partindo de suas concepções de afeto e poder; em (...) Paul B. Preciado (2017; 2022), tendo como mote suas reflexões, principalmente, sobre o corpo; Judith Butler (2016), quanto ao que concerne a perfomance, entre outros teóricos. Dividimos o ensaio em quatro partes, seguindo a ordem dos encontros que os dois protagonistas tiveram, utilizando-nos de um movimento de escrita que cresce no mesmo percurso narrativo do filme. (shrink)

This paper presents in outline Luigi Ferrajoli’s axiomatic and general theory of law, as developed in his lifelong work Principia Iuris . The first section focuses on the three main aspects of the theory: the methodological, the theoretical and the pragmatic, which respectively represent the theory’s syntax, semantics and its pragmatics. Ferrajoli identifies three deontic gaps of norms: firstly, the one between their validity and efficacy ; secondly, the one between their justice and validity ; and finally, and most importantly, (...) the one between validity and existence (i.e. normative force). The presence of such gaps is, according to Ferrajoli, the extraordinary innovation that entrenched constitutions have brought into modern legal systems, by establishing norms that are superior to statutes and case law. In this sense, all normative phenomena (except for the constitution itself) can be conceived both as norms and as facts. In the second section the role of juridical science is briefly discussed. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to describe the lack of equipment in a neighborhood of Palma de Mallorca, Foners in regard to their population. New residents with migration phenomenon presents a situation of inequality that can lead to negative social processes but were offset requirements. The description is carried out in the area intended to be a claim on integration from a multicultural perspective. A collection of data detailing the shortcomings and proposes targets for intervention through a plan of (...) rehabilitation in the territory. (shrink)

In the context of propositional logics, we apply semantics modulo satisfiability—a restricted semantics which comprehends only valuations that satisfy some specific set of formulas—with the aim to efficiently solve some computational tasks. Three possible such applications are developed.We begin by studying the possibility of implicitly representing rational McNaughton functions in Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic through semantics modulo satisfiability. We theoretically investigate some approaches to such representation concept, called representation modulo satisfiability, and describe a polynomial algorithm that builds representations in the newly (...) introduced system. An implementation of the algorithm, test results and ways to randomly generate rational McNaughton functions for testing are presented. Moreover, we propose an application of such representations to the formal verification of properties of neural networks by means of the reasoning framework of Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic.Then, we move to the investigation of the satisfiability of joint probabilistic assignments to formulas of Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic, which is known to be an NP-complete problem. We provide an exact decision algorithm derived from the combination of linear algebraic methods with semantics modulo satisfiability. Also, we provide an implementation for such algorithm for which the phenomenon of phase transition is empirically detected.Lastly, we study the game theory situation of observable games, which are games that are known to reach a Nash equilibrium, however, an external observer does not know what is the exact profile of actions that occur in a specific instance; thus, such observer assigns subjective probabilities to players actions. We study the decision problem of determining if a set of these probabilistic constraints is coherent by reducing it to the problems of satisfiability of probabilistic assignments to logical formulas both in Classical Propositional Logic and Łukasiewicz Infinitely-valued Logic depending on whether only pure equilibria or also mixed equilibria are allowed. Such reductions rely upon the properties of semantics modulo satisfiability. We provide complexity and algorithmic discussion for the coherence problem and, also, for the problem of computing maximal and minimal probabilistic constraints on actions that preserves coherence.prepared by Sandro Márcio da Silva Preto.E-mail: spreto@ime.usp.brURL:https://doi.org/10.11606/T.45.2021.tde-17062021-163257. (shrink)

Attraverso le teorie di Vico, Kant e Weber l’Autore ritiene di definire i primi contorni e gli orientamemnti epistemologici di fondo della Sociologia.L’origine della Scienza sociale è solitamente ancorata nella prima metà del XIX Secolo; Bernardini dimostra che bisogna risalire alle riflessioni vichiane e kantiane per trovare non solo i Padri nobili della disciplina, ma anche la stessa fondazione del sapere sociologico.