Se analiza la producción científica española que alcanza difusión internacional durante el período 1991-1996. Se ofrecen datos generales sobre la visibilidad de la investigación española en ciencia y tecnología a través de bases de datos bibliográficas internacionales especializadas en diversas áreas de la ciencia. Física (INSPEC), Química (Chemical Abstracts), Biología (BIOSIS), Ingeniería (COMPENDEX) y Agricultura (CAB), y se analiza con más detalle la producción española recogida en la base de datos norteamericana multidisciplinar Science Citation Index (SCI). La producción científica se (...) distribuye por áreas temáticas, sectores institucionales implicados, zonas geográficas y regiones. Se estudia asimismo la presencia de la cooperación nacional e internacional en las publicaciones científicas. (shrink)

Drawing inspiration from a well-attested historical tradition, I propose an account of cognition according to which knowledge is not only prior to belief; it is also, and crucially, not a kind of belief. Believing, in turn, is not some sort of botched knowing, but a mental state fundamentally different from knowing, with its own distinctive and complementary role in our cognitive life. I conclude that the main battle-line in the history of epistemology is drawn between the affirmation of a natural (...) mental state in which there is a contact between ‘mind’ and ‘reality’ (whatever the ontological nature of this ‘reality’) and the rejection of such a natural mental state. For the former position, there is a mental state which is different in kind from belief, and which is constituted by the presence of the object of cognition to the cognitive subject, with no gap between them. For the latter position, all our cognition is belief, and the question becomes how and when belief is permissible. (shrink)

Background: Many studies have explored personal values in nursing, but none has assessed whether the predictions made by the theory of intergenerational value change are true for the different generations of nursing professionals and students. This theory predicts a shift in those personal values held by younger generations towards ones focussed on self-expression. Research question: The purpose of the study was to identify intergenerational differences in personal values among nursing professionals and nursing students and to determine whether generational value profiles (...) fit the predictions made by the theory. Research design: An exploratory comparative design with a cross-sectional survey method was used. Participants and research context: Participants were recruited from four public hospitals and 10 Primary Care Centres in medium-size cities in Spain. A sample of 589 nurses and 2295 nursing students participated in the study. An open survey method was used to collect data that were classified grouping reported values into categories following a method of value lexicon construction and analysed by contingency tables with Pearson’s χ2 and standardized residuals. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Deans of the nursing schools and the Directors of Nursing of the institutions. Anonymity was guaranteed, participation was voluntary and participants were informed of the purpose of the study. Findings: The results can be synthesized in two age-related trends in the reporting of values among three groups of participants. First, among younger nurses and students, some nursing core values (e.g. ethical and professional) decreased in importance, while other values centred on social relationships and personal well-being increased. Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows intergenerational change in personal values among both nursing students and young nursing professionals. Findings suggest the need to pay more attention to value training and professional socialization during the schooling period. (shrink)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a man of extraordinary intellectual creativity who lived an exceptionally rich and varied intellectual life in troubled times. More than anything else, he was a man who wanted to improve the life of his fellow human beings through the advancement of all the sciences and the establishment of a stable and just political order. In this Very Short Introduction Maria Rosa Antognazza outlines the central features of Leibniz's philosophy in the context of his overarching intellectual (...) vision and aspirations. Against the backdrop of Leibniz's encompassing scientific ambitions, she introduces the fundamental principles of Leibniz's thought, as well as his theory of truth and theory of knowledge. Exploring Leibniz's contributions to logic, mathematics, physics, and metaphysics, she considers how his theories sat alongside his concerns with politics, diplomacy, and a broad range of practical reforms: juridical, economic, administrative, technological, medical, and ecclesiastical. Discussing Leinbniz's theories of possible worlds, she concludes by looking at what is ultimately real in this actual world that we experience, the good and evil there is in it, and Leibniz's response to the problem of evil through his theodicy. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. (shrink)

From its beginning, Critical Theory aimed to explore the laws governing social life as a formational totality and the forces shaping and driving its historical evolution. So the attempt to develop a comprehensive conception of ‘society’ encompassing both its structural as well as its cultural components can be considered one of the defining hallmarks of Critical Theory through all its theoretical and generational variations. But what, then, is Critical Theory’s conception of society? To answer this question, the authors make use (...) of a three-tiered heuristic model distinguishing synthesis (what is society?), dynamis (what are the driving forces of social change?) and praxis ((how) can social change be motivated or influenced by social actors?). In this way, they are able to reconstruct not only the divergences and controversies between the different versions and approaches in Critical Theory across the four generations of authors writing in this tradition, but also four core points of convergence which can serve to differentiate between Critical Theory in the Frankfurt School tradition and other critical theories. These four points, we suggest, should be seen to form the backbone of any valid conception of society in contemporary Critical Theory. (shrink)

Baseado no filme “Sociedade dos Poetas Mortos” (1989), o artigo assinala o caos instaurado no âmbito da escola tradicional norte-americana Welton através do trabalho do professor John Keating na instauração de novos métodos de ensino e aprendizagem para a literatura, na medida em que tende a fomentar o questionamento acerca do sentido e do valor da vida e o cultivo de si como possibilidade de produção de um conteúdo novo e extemporâneo e o conhecimento enquanto afirmação das forças da vida. (...) Dessa forma, fundado na crítica de Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) em relação à “cultura histórica” enquanto produto da contradição envolvendo vida e cultura, o artigo sublinha que o saber que guarda raízes na “cultura histórica” se caracteriza como um capital improdutivo, assinalando a inexistência de direitos da Filosofia entre a cultura histórica e o processo formativo-educacional e a necessidade da correlação envolvendo arte e filosofia diante da ciência e da verdade. Assim, contrapondo-se à transformação da filosofia em erudição em nome da “cultura histórica” e aos “filósofos” que se colocam a seu serviço, Nietzsche denuncia a redução do ser, da vida e da visão ao arcabouço de conceitos, opiniões, passados, livros em uma análise crítica que se detém na questão envolvendo os professores de filosofia entre a vida e a ciência do vir-a-ser universal: filósofos ou servidores da “história”? (shrink)

Despite the radical importance of embryology in the development of organi- cism, developmental biology remains philosophically underexplored as a theoretical and empirical resource to clarify the nature of organisms. This paper discusses how embryology can help develop the organisational definition of the organism as a differentiated, function- ally integrated, and autonomous system. I distinguish two conceptions of development in the organisational tradition that yield two different conceptions of the organism: the life- history view claims that organisms can be considered as (...) such during their whole ontogeny; the constitutive view distinguishes two periods in the life history, a period of generation and a period of self-maintenance of a constitutive organisation. Arguing in favour of the con- stitutive view, it will be claimed that the organisational criteria for the definition of organ- ism (i.e., differentiation, functional integration, and autonomy) can only be applied to the developmental system when it has entered the period of self-maintenance of a constitutive organisation. under the light of current research in developmental biology, it is possible to make explicit how organisms come to be as organisms. To this end, I explore key onto- genetic events that help us clarify the core aspects of animal organisation and allow us to identify the developmental stage that marks the ontological transition between an organism in potency and an organism in actuality. The structure of this ontogenetic unfolding paral- lels the conceptual structure of the very notion of organism; the generation of the being of a particular organism parallels its definition. (shrink)

“Dance” has been associated with many psychophysiological and medical health effects. However, varying definitions of what constitute “dance” have led to a rather heterogenous body of evidence about such potential effects, leaving the picture piecemeal at best. It remains unclear what exact parameters may be driving positive effects. We believe that this heterogeneity of evidence is partly due to a lack of a clear definition of dance for such empirical purposes. A differentiation is needed between (a) the effects on the (...) individual when the activity of “dancing” is enjoyedas a dancerwithindifferent dance domains(e.g.,professional/”high-art”type of dance,eroticdance,religiousdance,clubdancing,Dance Movement Therapy(DMT), and what is commonly known ashobby, recreationalorsocialdance), and (b) the effects on the individual within these different domains, as a dancer of thedifferent dance styles(solo dance, partnering dance, group dance; and all the different styles within these). Another separate category of dance engagement is, not as a dancer, but as a spectator of all of the above. “Watching dance” as part of an audience has its own set of psychophysiological and neurocognitive effects on the individual, and depends on the context where dance is witnessed. With the help of dance professionals, we first outline some different dance domains and dance styles, and outline aspects that differentiate them, and that may, therefore, cause differential empirical findings when compared regardless (e.g., amount of interpersonal contact, physical exertion, context, cognitive demand, type of movements, complexity of technique and ratio of choreography/improvisation). Then, we outline commonalities between all dance styles. We identify six basic components that are part of any dance practice, as part of a continuum, and review and discuss available research for each of them concerning the possible health and wellbeing effects of each of these components, and how they may relate to the psychophysiological and health effects that are reported for “dancing”: (1) rhythm and music, (2) sociality, (3) technique and fitness, (4) connection and connectedness (self-intimation), (5) flow and mindfulness, (6) aesthetic emotions and imagination. Future research efforts might take into account the important differences between types of dance activities, as well as the six components, for a more targeted assessment of how “dancing” affects the human body. (shrink)

O objetivo do estudo é analisar a série De onde vem? , a qual introduz o conhecimento científico na infância, identificando aspectos que justifiquem o seu emprego como um recurso pedagógico adequado para a introdução de conceitos de Ciência de forma lúdica e dinâmica na infância. Os resultados apresentam aspectos gerais dos episódios da Série, além da descrição estrutural dos episódios de forma generalizada de acordo com as categorias sugeridas por Gomes (2008). A Série introduz conceitos científicos, presentes no cotidiano, (...) por meio de uma linguagem adequada à compreensão infantil, tornando, assim, este material uma importante alternativa de apoio ao professor do Ensino Fundamental para a introdução da ciência na infância. (shrink)

The extensive, profound and influential oeuvre of Charles Taylor has inspired generations of thinkers. But how can we explore such a body of work? As we try to show in this Special Issue: by understanding him literally and making use of his notion of moral maps – or, differently put, by ‘mapping’ Charles Taylor. As he is far too modest a person to reveal to us his own moral atlas, we have decided to seize the occasion of his 85th birthday (...) to ask several of his renowned colleagues, students and interlocutors to contribute to the reconstruction of such a map. This introduction develops three ‘mountain ridges’ in this cartography – a philosophical anthropology in spatial terms, the indispensable motif of dialogue, and the role of political life –, around which the following 24 illuminating appraisals are grouped. (shrink)

This essential historical introduction to the main themes of the book starts with a close, sympathetic, and significantly novel analysis of a famous argument in Plato’s Republic in which Plato draws a distinction of kind between knowledge and belief, and between their objects. It is then demonstrated that the distinction, broadly so understood, remained a dominant force, in one form or another, in all non-sceptical branches of the European philosophical tradition, including empiricism, until the eighteenth century. It is argued that (...) there is much to learn from this history, and specific features of the traditional distinction are identified as deserving the further, sympathetic consideration given, in effect, in later chapters. (shrink)

The notion of fitness is usually equated to reproductive success. However, this actualist approach presents some difficulties, mainly the explanatory circularity problem, which have lead philosophers of biology to offer alternative definitions in which fitness and reproductive success are distinguished. In this paper, we argue that none of these alternatives is satisfactory and, inspired by Mumford and Anjum’s dispositional theory of causation, we offer a definition of fitness as a causal dispositional property. We argue that, under this framework, the distinctiveness (...) that biologists usually attribute to fitness—namely, the fact that fitness is something different from both the physical traits of an organism and the number of offspring it leaves—can be explained, and the main problems associated with the concept of fitness can be solved. Firstly, we introduce Mumford and Anjum's dispositional theory of causation and present our definition of fitness as a causal disposition. We explain in detail each of the elements involved in our definition, namely: the relationship between fitness and the functional dispositions that compose it, the emergent character of fitness, and the context-sensitivity of fitness. Finally, we explain how fitness and realized fitness, as well as expected and realized fitness are distinguished in our approach to fitness as a causal disposition. (shrink)

What are intuitions? Do they exist as distinctive mental states? Do they have an epistemic function? Can we discern specific features that characterize intuitions? Questions like these are widely d...

A legislação florestal brasileira pretérita é frequentemente interpretada de forma anacrônica. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para a compreensão da historicidade de tal legislação. De forma específica, serão analisadas, comparativamente, as propostas de alteração do primeiro Código Florestal Brasileiro até sua substituição em 1965. Apesar de modificações importantes, há uma permanência entre os textos analisados: as posturas conservacionistas, presentes em todos eles, só podem ser compreendidas quando atreladas à lógica produtivista e às políticas desenvolvimentistas evidenciadas no Brasil da época.

The nm23 gene, a putative metastasis suppressor gene, was originally identified by its reduced expression in highly metastatic K‐1735 murine melanoma cell lines, as compared to related, low metastatic melanoma cell lines. Transfection of nm23 cDNA has been reported to suppress malignant progression in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Highly conserved homologues of nm23 have been found in organisms ranging from the prokaryote Myxococcus xanthus to Drosophila, where the gene is involved in normal development and differentiation. The product of the nm23 (...) gene exhibits a nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, yet the nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity of Nm23 does not correlate with its apparent biological functions. We review recent cellular, genetic, biochemical and X‐ray crystallographic data to formulate and evaluate hypotheses concerning the molecular mechanism of nm23 action. (shrink)

At first glance, freedom and coercion, or constraint, appear to be clearcut oppositions. However, in many contexts we find that the two are closely interwoven. Freedom and coercion then rather resemble a continuum: Without notice, elements of freedom resurface as forces of - or preconditions for - constraint and vice versa. Thus, sometimes the two mutually reinforce each other, while at other times they tend to undermine the other. This volume comprehensively explores the complex relationship between the elements and powers (...) of freedom and coercion in various contexts and from various perspectives. It is structured in four systematic sections: I Politics and economy, II. Institutions and personal life, III. Physiological aspects, IV. Aesthetic contexts. Der Band durchleuchtet das keineswegs einfach oppositive Verhältnis von Freiheit und Zwang, wie es sich seit der Formierung der Moderne in der Aufklärung entwickelt hat - politisch, philosophisch, anthropologisch, ästhetisch. Freiheit und Zwang stellen nur auf den ersten Blick binäre Gegensätze dar. Das eine kann graduell und oft unmerklich in das andere übergehen, und beide sind ohne das jeweils andere nicht denkbar. Häufig stehen Freiheit und Zwang in einem - negativen oder positiven - dialektischen Verhältnis zueinander, in dem sie sich gegenseitig bedingen und steigern oder aber unterminieren. Oder sind Freiheit und Zwang in der Moderne sogar zunehmend ununterscheidbar geworden? Der Band verleiht diesem schillernden Vexierbild in vier Abteilungen Ordnung und Struktur: I. Politik und Ökonomie, II. Institutionen und Lebensführung, III. Physiologische Dimensionen, IV. Ästhetische Verhandlungen. (shrink)

In the age of neoliberalism, feminists strongly disagree on the ideal legal status of prostitution while the pro-prostitution lobby endeavours to keep their male-dominated business running smoothly. Feminist debates should be concerned with the sex buyers' belief system about women, which is likely to have practical consequences in the way they behave with women (prostituted and non-prostituted) in terms of sexuality and, therefore, for feminist purposes of equality, on a broader scale. A Critical Discourse Analysis of buyer-authored online reviews of (...) prostituted women provides the opportunity to verify whether the relationship they establish with them is based on democratic mutual equality or gendered power relations driven by domination and subordination.En la era del neoliberalismo, no hay consenso entre las feministas acerca del estatus legal que debería tener la prostitución; mientras, el lobby pro-prostitución intenta proteger tan lucrativo negocio. Los debates feministas deben abordar críticamente el sistema de creencias de los sujetos prostituyentes, en tanto que afecta a cómo actúan con las mujeres (prostituidas y no prostituidas) dentro del marco de la sexualidad y, por tanto, al potencial logro de la igualdad fáctica a nivel social. El análisis crítico del discurso online de los sujetos prostituyentes sobre las mujeres prostituidas permite comprobar si las relaciones que establecen con ellas están basadas en términos igualitarios o en la dicotomía dominación-subordinación característica de las relaciones de poder de género. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en la acción dialógica y comunicativa entre las personas con la intención de mejorar su educación. Para ello se ha adaptado el formato de las tertulias literarias dialógicas al contenido de las obras musicales. Los principales objetivos han sido: desarrollar las competencias comunicativa, lingüística y musical a través del diálogo interactivo; aumentar el grado de motivación e incrementar la cultura musical de los futuros docentes hacia la música clásica. Se combina una metodología cualitativa con cuantitativa y (...) el método investigación-acción. La muestra han sido 136 estudiantes, futuros docentes en formación. Los principales resultados ofrecen datos positivos. (shrink)

Introducción: El embarazo, aborto, las infecciones de transmisión sexual incluido el Virus de Inmuno Deficiencia Humana, se han convertido en problemas sanitarios de mayor vulnerabilidad en jóvenes. Objetivo: Describir las conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de problemas sexuales y reproductivos de estudiantes universitarios. Método: Investigación descriptiva, el universo estuvo constituido por alumnos de dos grupos de segundo semestre; el grupo de estudio conformado por la totalidad de estudiantes de la Facultad de Salud Pública ; y el control seleccionado mediante una (...) muestra aleatoria de estudiantes del resto de las facultades, se realizó esta selección con el propósito de valorar la homogeneidad de las variables entre los grupos. Resultados: Existe homogeneidad en la mayoría de conductas de riesgo y problemas sexuales en los grupos, en consecuencia estas variables no están influenciadas por la pertenencia a la Facultad de Salud Pública. Se evidencian conductas de riesgo como: inicio temprano de relaciones sexuales, múltiples parejas, infidelidad, relaciones sexuales ligadas al consumo de sustancias, dificultades con el uso de métodos anticonceptivos o de protección; se encontró prevalencia de problemas como: experiencia de embarazos, la mayoría no planeados, abortos inducidos y presencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual. Conclusiones: Existe vulnerabilidad en la salud sexual y reproductiva de los jóvenes universitarios independientemente de la formación que reciben, por tanto, emerge la necesidad de buscar alternativas integrales de promoción, prevención y educación sexual integral. Introduction: Pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency Virus, have become a health problem of more vulnerable in young people. Objective: To describe risk behaviors and prevalence of sexual and reproductive problems of university. Method: Descriptive study, the universe consisted of students from two groups of second semester; the study group is conformed by students of the Public Health Faculty ; and control selected by a random sample of students from other faculties, in order to assess the homogeneity of the variables between groups. Results: Homogeneity exists in most risk behaviors and sexual problems in groups, therefore these variables are not influenced by membership in the Public Health Faculty. Risk behaviors as evidence: early initiation of sexual activity, multiple partners, infidelity, sexual relationship linked to substance consumption, which prevails alcohol, together with the non-use or inappropriate use of contraception or protection; experience of pregnancy, most unplanned, induced abortions and the presence of sexually transmitted infections: prevalence of problems as found. Conclusions: There is vulnerability in sexual and reproductive health of young students regardless of their training, thus emerges the need to find alternatives comprehensive promotion, prevention and comprehensive sex education. (shrink)

Detendo-se na investigação dos dois grandes modelos que caracterizam o pensamento político, a saber, o modelo clássico e o modelo jusnaturalista, o artigo em questão, distinguindo no âmbito daquele as teorias idealistas e realistas, empreende uma abordagem que nas fronteiras deste último sublinha desde a questão que envolve Como nasceu o Estado?, proposta pela perspectiva historicista, que traz como fundamento o homem como animal político, até a leitura racionalista, que acena com o problema Por que existe o Estado?, identificando o (...) homem como um ser naturalmente antissocial, salientando que se o bem comum determina a visão platônico-aristotélica, a leitura hobbesiana instaura uma lógica que emerge através do contrato social e assinala a tendência natural da autopreservação como fundamento da ação humana, consistindo, em suma, na transição da ordem mecânica da matéria à ordem final da vontade. (shrink)

En los manuscritos de la novela Trento, de Leónidas Lamborghini, los comentarios sobre el espectador evidencian la fuerza que adquiere la dimensión teatral y narrativa en toda su obra, no solo en cuanto a técnicas tomadas prestadas de lo dramático sino sobre todo en cuanto a las consideraciones con respecto a los géneros y sus bordes. La organización del Fondo Lamborghini ha permitido un exhaustivo análisis de los aspectos que comparten sus obras narrativas con los “textos dramáticos” de Trentoen cuanto (...) a didascalias o préstamos de formatos escénicosy, sobre todo, de la concepción de espectador/lector presente en algunas de sus obras. Una edición genética basada en la búsqueda de los itinerarios que van y vienen a través de las fronteras genéricas entre novela y teatro presenta aspectos de interés para pensar no solo esta particular obra de Leónidas Lamborghini sino también todo su trabajo poético y narrativo, dado que los procedimientos y trabajos formales de reescritura son persistentes a lo largo de su creación. (shrink)

La libertad se sitúa, desde Kant, más allá de los límites de la razón, y este aspecto persiste hasta el pensamiento de Kierkegaard. La elección de ser libres, que se inaugura como preocupación en O lo uno o lo otro de 1843 y que también ya estaba presente en Kant, se pone de relieve ante la imperiosa necesidad de mostrar que la libertad (Friheden) es el fundamento propiamente subjetivo y que, como tal, no puede ser impuesto ni demostrado desde afuera, (...) es decir, no puede ser aplicado ni mostrado por ninguna ciencia particular, sino en una instancia denominada ética (der Ethiske). Sin embargo, la subjetividad ética que el juez Guillermo desarrolla presenta límites, ya que, ante la aparición del concepto de pecado, el concepto de libertad se ve resignificado, dando lugar a un nuevo modo de concebir la libertad en las obras posteriores del pensador danés. (shrink)

Globalisation leads to increasing multiculturalism in societies. Preparing university students to recognise the growing diversity and to engage positively with one another in contemporary societies is therefore of paramount importance. However, the variables affecting the development of intercultural sensitivity have hardly been assessed. This study analysed the degree to which the influence of sex, year of study, and mobility experiences of university students influence the advancement of intercultural sensitivity. To this end, a scale was applied to Spanish university students (N (...) = 645). The results showed a significant gap between the students’ perceived orientation of their intercultural sensitivity and their actual orientation. In addition, there were some differences across sex, year of study, and mobility experiences in favour of females, final-year students, and students who had undergone some sort of mobility experiences. Four profiles were also identified according to intercultural sensitivity: initial, mid-initial, medium, and advanced. The findings demonstrate the need to incorporate an intercultural approach into higher education institutions in pro of more inclusive societies. (shrink)

Conciliar las figuras del intelectual y del maestro no siempre es posible. La alquimia entre quien produce saber y quien apasionadamente lo transmite es, a veces, conflictiva por las demandas que tiene una y otra actividad. Sin embargo el Prof. Pedro Goergen reúne ambas condiciones, quienes fuimos sus alumnos podemos dar fe de ello. El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre crítica, emancipación y educación que aparecen en la obra de Goergen, resaltando el permanente llamado de atención contra la deshumanización (...) creciente de nuestra civilización manifiesta en una “técnica” autonomizada y la esperanza en una educación crítica capaz de interrumpir ese camino hacia la autodestrucción. (shrink)

Consistindo em um processo ético-jurídico de deliberação coletiva, o que se impõe à manifestação da Vontade Geral como um fenômeno histórico-cultural é a condição de imanência que a caracteriza em um movimento dinâmico-dialético que demanda uma formação econômico-social que possibilite a emergência de valores e práticas, condutas e comportamentos, necessidades e objetivos que, tendo como fundamento o interesse comum, se lhe correspondam, convergindo para uma forma de autodeterminação que guarda possibilidade de promover a superação da alienação das capacidades humanas no (...) contexto das relações socioprodutivas, a saber, a autogestão. Tal experiência social de autodeterminação coletiva, conforme assinala o artigo, envolve tanto a esfera política quanto o âmbito econômico e encerra a noção que implica desde a igualdade substancial até a efetiva participação política, sobrepondo-se ao viés mercadológico da organização econômico-social vigente e à estrutura burocrática corporificada pelo Estado no sistema capitalista. (shrink)

Sobrepondo uma concepção crítica envolvendo os fundamentos do saber às ontologias dogmáticas que se impõem ao trabalho que implica a apreensão das questões filosóficas, o projeto kantiano propõe o fim da filosofia como construção metafísica e a necessidade de se lhe atribuir uma tarefa teórica de caráter essencialmente genealógico e crítico, no sentido que encerra a legitimação do conhecimento racional através da análise das faculdades que se lhe estão atreladas, conforme assinala o artigo, que se detém nos direitos da razão (...) cuja legitimidade a lógica da verdade reconhece e cuja ilegitimidade a lógica da aparência denuncia, convergindo para as fronteiras que encerram a possibilidade da construção do conhecimento científico, à medida que, tornando o entendimento o legislador universal da natureza e circunscrevendo a utilização das categorias aos limites da experiência possível, propõe as condições necessárias para fundá-lo sobre os juízos sintéticos a priori. (shrink)