Results for 'Robert C. Vaughen'

952 found
Order:
  1. Intellectual virtues: an essay in regulative epistemology.Robert C. Roberts & W. Jay Wood - 2007 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by W. Jay Wood.
    From the ferment of recent debates about the intellectual virtues, Roberts and Wood develop an approach they call 'regulative epistemology', exploring the connection between knowledge and intellectual virtue. In the course of their argument they analyse particular virtues of intellectual life - such as courage, generosity, and humility - in detail.
  2. "How does it work" versus "what are the laws?": Two conceptions of psychological explanation.Robert C. Cummins - 2000 - In Robert A. Wilson & Frank C. Keil, The Shadows and Shallows of Explanation. MIT Press.
    In the beginning, there was the DN (Deductive Nomological) model of explanation, articulated by Hempel and Oppenheim (1948). According to DN, scientific explanation is subsumption under natural law. Individual events are explained by deducing them from laws together with initial conditions (or boundary conditions), and laws are explained by deriving them from other more fundamental laws, as, for example, the simple pendulum law is derived from Newton's laws of motion.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   144 citations  
  3. Reflection on Reflective Equilibrium.Robert C. Cummins - 1998 - In Michael Raymond DePaul & William M. Ramsey, Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 113-128.
    As a procedure, reflective equilibrium is simply a familiar kind of standard scientific method with a new name. A theory is constructed to account for a set of observations. Recalcitrant data may be rejected as noise or explained away as the effects of interference of some sort. Recalcitrant data that cannot be plausibly dismissed force emendations in theory. What counts as a plausible dismissal depends, among other things, on the going theory, as well as on background theory and on knowledge (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   145 citations  
  4.  48
    (1 other version)Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology.Robert C. Richardson - 2007 - Bradford.
    Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits -- including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason -- can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   63 citations  
  5. What an emotion is: A sketch.Robert C. Roberts - 1988 - Philosophical Review 97 (April):183-209.
  6. Why there is no symbol grounding problem?Robert C. Cummins - 1996 - In Robert Cummins, Representations, Targets, and Attitudes. MIT Press.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   100 citations  
  7. Inexplicit information.Robert C. Cummins - 1986 - In Myles Brand, The Representation Of Knowledge And Belief. Tucson: University Of Arizona Press.
    A discussion of a number of ways that information can be present in a computer program without being explicitly represented.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   54 citations  
  8. Autonomy and multiple realization.Robert C. Richardson - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (5):526-536.
    Multiple realization historically mandated the autonomy of psychology, and its principled irreducibility to neuroscience. Recently, multiple realization and its implications for the reducibility of psychology to neuroscience have been challenged. One challenge concerns the proper understanding of reduction. Another concerns whether multiple realization is as pervasive as is alleged. I focus on the latter question. I illustrate multiple realization with actual, rather than hypothetical, cases of multiple realization from within the biological sciences. Though they do support a degree of autonomy (...)
    Direct download (7 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   43 citations  
  9. Functionalism and reductionism.Robert C. Richardson - 1979 - Philosophy of Science 46 (4):533-58.
    It is here argued that functionalist constraints on psychology do not preclude the applicability of classic forms of reduction and, therefore, do not support claims to a principled, or de jure, autonomy of psychology. In Part I, after isolating one minimal restriction any functionalist theory must impose on its categories, it is shown that any functionalism imposing an additional constraint of de facto autonomy must also be committed to a pure functionalist--that is, a computationalist--model for psychology. Using an extended parallel (...)
    Direct download (10 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   67 citations  
  10. Forgivingness.Robert C. Roberts - 1995 - American Philosophical Quarterly 32 (4):289 - 306.
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   62 citations  
  11. Humility and epistemic goods.Robert C. Roberts & W. Jay Wood - 2003 - In Michael Raymond DePaul & Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski, Intellectual virtue: perspectives from ethics and epistemology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 257--279.
    Some of the most interesting works in virtue ethics are the detailed, perceptive treatments of specific virtues and vices. This chapter aims to develop such work as it relates to intellectual virtues and vices. It begins by examining the virtue of intellectual humility. Its strategy is to situate humility in relation to its various opposing vices, which include vices like arrogance, vanity, conceit, egotism, grandiosity, pretentiousness, snobbishness, haughtiness, and self-complacency. From this list vanity and arrogance are focused on in particular. (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   39 citations  
  12. Skepticism and the principle of sufficient reason.Robert C. Koons & Alexander R. Pruss - 2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (4):1079-1099.
    The Principle of Sufficient Reason must be justified dialectically: by showing the disastrous consequences of denying it. We formulate a version of the Principle that is restricted to basic natural facts, which entails the obtaining of at least one supernatural fact. Denying this principle results in extreme empirical skepticism. We consider six current theories of empirical knowledge, showing that on each account we cannot know that we have empirical knowledge unless we all have a priori knowledge of the PSR. We (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  13. Natural epistemic defects and corrective virtues.Robert C. Roberts & Ryan West - 2015 - Synthese 192 (8):2557-2576.
    Cognitive psychologists have uncovered a number of natural tendencies to systematic errors in thinking. This paper proposes some ways that intellectual character virtues might help correct these sources of epistemic unreliability. We begin with an overview of some insights from recent work in dual-process cognitive psychology regarding ‘biases and heuristics’, and argue that the dozens of hazards the psychologists catalogue arise from combinations and specifications of a small handful of more basic patterns of thinking. We expound four of these, and (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  14. Will power and the virtues.Robert C. Roberts - 1984 - Philosophical Review 93 (2):227-247.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  15. Hylomorphic Escalation.Robert C. Koons - 2018 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 92 (1):159-178.
    Defenders of physicalism often point to the reduction of chemistry to quantum physics as a paradigm for the reduction of the rest of reality to a microphysical foundation. This argument is based, however, on a misreading of the philosophical significance of the quantum revolution. A hylomorphic interpretation of quantum thermodynamics and chemistry, in which parts and wholes stand in a mutually determining relationship, better fits both the empirical facts and the actual practice of scientists. I argue that only a hylomorphic (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  16.  78
    Connectionism, computation, and cognition.Robert C. Cummins & Georg Schwarz - 1991 - In Terence E. Horgan & John L. Tienson, Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 60--73.
  17. Pricing Medicine Fairly.Robert C. Hughes - 2020 - Philosophy of Management 19 (4):369-385.
    Recently, dramatic price increases by several pharmaceutical companies have provoked public outrage. These scandals raise questions both about how pharmaceutical firms should be regulated and about how pharmaceutical executives ethically ought to make pricing decisions when drug prices are largely unregulated. Though there is an extensive literature on the regulatory question, the ethical question has been largely unexplored. This article defends a Kantian approach to the ethics of pharmaceutical pricing in an unregulated market. To the extent possible, pharmaceutical companies must (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  18.  80
    The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective.Robert C. Allen - 2011 - In Allen Robert C., Proceedings of the British Academy Volume 167, 2009 Lectures. pp. 199.
    This chapter presents the text of a lecture on the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain given at the British Academy's 2009 Keynes Lecture in Economics. This text suggests that the Industrial Revolution was Britain's response to the global economy that emerged after 1500 and that Britain's success in world trade resulted in one of the most urbanised economies in Europe with unusually high wages and cheap energy prices. The text here also highlights the contribution of Britain in the invention of (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  19. Imprisonment and the Right to Freedom of Movement.Robert C. Hughes - 2017 - In Chris W. Surprenant, Rethinking Punishment in the Era of Mass Incarceration. Routledge. pp. 89-104.
    Government’s use of imprisonment raises distinctive moral issues. Even if government has broad authority to make and to enforce law, government may not be entitled to use imprisonment as a punishment for all the criminal laws it is entitled to make. Indeed, there may be some serious crimes that it is wrong to punish with imprisonment, even if the conditions of imprisonment are humane and even if no adequate alternative punishments are available.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  20. Humor and the virtues.Robert C. Roberts - 1988 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 31 (2):127 – 149.
    Five dimensions of amusement are ethically searched: incongruity, perspectivity, dissociation, enjoyment, and freshness. Amusement perceives incongruities and virtues are formally congruities between one's character and one's nature. An ethical sense of humor is a sense for incongruities between people's behavior and character, and their telos. To appreciate any humor one must adopt a perspective, and in the case of ethical amusement this is the standpoint of one who possesses the virtues. In being amused at the incongruity of some human foible, (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  21. The 'scandal' of cartesian interactionism.Robert C. Richardson - 1982 - Mind 91 (January):20-37.
  22. Cosmic Gratitude.Robert C. Roberts - 2014 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 6 (3):65--83.
    Classically, gratitude is a tri-polar construal, logically ordering a benefactor, a benefice, and a beneficiary in a favour-giving-receiving situation. Grammatically, the poles are distinguished and bound together by the prepositions ”to’ and ”for’; so I call this classic concept ”to-for’ gratitude. Classic religious gratitude follows this schema, with God as the benefactor. Such gratitude, when felt, is a religious experience, and a reliable readiness or ”habit’ of such construal is a religious virtue. However, atheists have sometimes felt an urge or (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  23. Multiple realization and methodological pluralism.Robert C. Richardson - 2009 - Synthese 167 (3):473-492.
    Multiple realization was once taken to be a challenge to reductionist visions, especially within cognitive science, and a foundation of the “antireductionist consensus.” More recently, multiple realization has come to be challenged on naturalistic grounds, as well as on more “metaphysical” grounds. Within cognitive science, one focal issue concerns the role of neural plasticity for addressing these issues. If reorganization maintains the same cognitive functions, that supports claims for multiple realization. I take up the reorganization involved in language dysfunctions to (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  24.  87
    Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface.Robert C. Cummins (ed.) - 1991 - Cambridge: MIT Press.
    Philosophy and AI presents invited contributions that focus on the different perspectives and techniques that philosophy and AI bring to the theory of ...
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  25.  49
    The Normative and the Empirical in the Study of Gratitude.Robert C. Roberts - 2015 - Res Philosophica 92 (4):883-914.
    Recent empirical work on the virtue of gratitude raises questions about the limits of that research and its methods to address normative questions about gratitude. I distinguish two kinds of norms for the emotion of gratitude—norms of genuineness and norms of excellence. I examine two kinds of empirical studies that aim to establish or contribute to the norms for gratitude: a so-called “prototype” approach, and a narrative vignettes approach, finding the latter far superior, and suggest various refinements that might improve (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  26.  85
    Back to basics: On the very idea of "basic emotions".Robert C. Solomon - 2002 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 32 (2):115–144.
  27.  80
    On quantifying into epistemic contexts.Robert C. Sleigh - 1967 - Noûs 1 (1):23-31.
  28.  77
    What Is Wrong with Wicked Feelings?Robert C. Roberts - 1991 - American Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1):13 - 24.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   17 citations  
  29. How not to reduce a functional psychology.Robert C. Richardson - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (1):125-37.
    There is often substantial disparity between philosophical ideals and scientific practice. Philosophical reductionism is motivated by a drive for ontological austerity. The vehicle is conceptual parsimony: the fewer our conceptual primitives, the less are our ontological commitments. A general moral to be drawn from my “Functionalism and Reductionism” is that scientific reduction does not, and should not be expected to, facilitate conceptual economy; yet reduction it still is, and in the classical mold. Those who press for the irreducibility of a (...)
    Direct download (10 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  30. The Vice of Pride.Robert C. Roberts - 2009 - Faith and Philosophy 26 (2):119-133.
    This paper clarifies the vice of pride by distinguishing it from emotions that are symptomatic of it and from virtuous dispositions that go by the same name, by identifying the disposition (humility) that is its virtue-counterpart, and by distinguishing its kinds. The analysis is aided by the conception of emotions as concern-based construals and the idea that pride can be a dispositional concern of a particular type or family of types.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  31. Propositions and animal emotion.Robert C. Roberts - 1996 - Philosophy 71 (275):147-56.
  32.  79
    Would many people obey non-coercive law?Robert C. Hughes - 2018 - Jurisprudence 9 (2):361-367.
    In response to Frederick Schauer's book The Force of Law, I argue that the available evidence indicates that non-coercive law could influence many people's behavior. It may sometimes be best to forgo coercive enforcement of an important law.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  33.  54
    A Defense of Propensity Interpretations of Fitness.Robert C. Richardson & Richard M. Burian - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:349 - 362.
    We offer a systematic examination of propensity interpretations of fitness, which emphasizes the role that fitness plays in evolutionary theory and takes seriously the probabilistic character of evolutionary change. We distinguish questions of the probabilistic character of fitness from the particular interpretations of probability which could be incorporated. The roles of selection and drift in evolutionary models support the view that fitness must be understood within a probabilistic framework, and the specific character of organism/environment interactions supports the conclusion that fitness (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  34.  34
    The Moral Psychology of the Virtues.Robert C. Roberts - 1986 - Philosophical Review 95 (4):636.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  35. (1 other version)The Virtue of Love.Robert C. Solomon - 1988 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 13 (1):12-31.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  36. The role of mental meaning in psychological explanation.Robert C. Cummins - 1991 - In Brian P. McLaughlin, Dretske and his critics. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell.
  37.  61
    On an Argument for Truth-Functionality.Robert C. Cummins & Dale Gottlieb - 1972 - American Philosophical Quarterly 9 (3):265 - 269.
    Quine argued that any context allowing substitution of logical equivalents and coextensive terms is truth functional. We argue that Quine's proof for this claim is flawed.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  38. Representation and indication.Robert C. Cummins & Pierre Poirier - 2004 - In Hugh Clapin, Representation in Mind: New Approaches to Mental Representation. Elsevier. pp. 21--40.
    This paper is about two kinds of mental content and how they are related. We are going to call them representation and indication. We will begin with a rough characterization of each. The differences, and why they matter, will, hopefully, become clearer as the paper proceeds.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  39. Emergence.Robert C. Richardson & Achim Stephan - 2007 - Biological Theory 2 (1):91-96.
  40.  43
    (1 other version)When is a phenomenologist being hermeneutical?Robert C. Scharff - 2020 - AI and Society:1-15.
    Many philosophers of science and technology who see themselves as coming “after” Husserl also claim that their phenomenology is hermeneutical. Yet they neither practice the same sort of phenomenology, nor do they all have the same understanding of hermeneutics. Moreover, their differences often seem to be more a function of different pre-selected substantive commitments—say, to take a “material” turn or to be resolutely “empirical”—than the product of any serious effort to clarify what it is be hermeneutical. In this essay, after (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  41. Biology and ideology: The interpenetration of science and values.Robert C. Richardson - 1984 - Philosophy of Science 51 (3):396-420.
    The mutual influence of science and values in biology is exhibited in several cases from the biological literature. It is argued in a number of cases, from R. A. Fisher's argument for the optimality of a 50:50 sex ratio to A. Jensen's defense of a genetic basis for intelligence, and including work on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and muted aggression, that the credence accorded the views is disproportionate with their theoretical and empirical warrant. It is, furthermore, suggested that the (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   11 citations  
  42.  73
    Is amusement an emotion?Robert C. Roberts - 1988 - American Philosophical Quarterly 25 (3):269-274.
  43. The role of representation in connectionist explanation of cognitive capacities.Robert C. Cummins - 1991 - In William Ramsey, Stephen P. Stich & D. M. Rumelhart, Philosophy and Connectionist Theory. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 91--114.
  44.  87
    On a proposed system of epistemic logic.Robert C. Sleigh - 1968 - Noûs 2 (4):391-398.
  45. Epistemological strata and the rules of right reason.Robert C. Cummins, Pierre Poirier & Martin Roth - 2004 - Synthese 141 (3):287 - 331.
    It has been commonplace in epistemology since its inception to idealize away from computational resource constraints, i.e., from the constraints of time and memory. One thought is that a kind of ideal rationality can be specified that ignores the constraints imposed by limited time and memory, and that actual cognitive performance can be seen as an interaction between the norms of ideal rationality and the practicalities of time and memory limitations. But a cornerstone of naturalistic epistemology is that normative assessment (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  46. Justice as an Emotion Disposition.Robert C. Roberts - 2010 - Emotion Review 2 (1):36-43.
    In this tribute to the work of Robert Solomon, I address a topic that occupied him frequently in the last 20 years of his life, and about which he wrote a book and several articles: the relation(s) between the emotions and justice as a personal virtue. I hope to clarify Solomon’s views using three distinctions that seem implicit in his writings, among (1) justice as general virtue and justice as a particular virtue, (2) objective justice and justice as a (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  47.  68
    Emotional Consciousness and Personal Relationships.Robert C. Roberts - 2009 - Emotion Review 1 (3):281-288.
    Three kinds of emotional consciousness are distinguished in this article: feeling awareness, intellectual awareness, and bare awareness. All are important to three moral properties that emotions may have: epistemic, practical, and relational. The bulk of this article is devoted to the third dimension of moral value, that emotions are constitutive of personal relationships such as friendship, enmity, good and bad parenthood, and collegiality. The conception of emotions as concern-based construals (Roberts, 2003) is put to work to explain how felt and (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  48.  37
    The sophistication of non-human emotion.Robert C. Roberts - 2009 - In Robert W. Lurz, The Philosophy of Animal Minds. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 145--164.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  49.  58
    Mismatching categories?William Edward Morris & Robert C. Richardson - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):62-63.
  50.  37
    Parallels and contrasts with primate cultural research.Robert C. O'Malley - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (2):349-349.
    The types of cetacean cultural behavior patterns described (primarily food-related and communication-related) reflect a very different research focus than that found in primatology, where dietary variation and food processing is emphasized and other potentially patterns have (until recently) been relatively neglected. The lack of behavioral research in all but a few cetacean species is also notable, as it mirrors a bias in primatology towards only a few genera.
    Direct download (6 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 952