I analyze the deimopolitical functioning of cisgender-straight-bolsonarist masculinity as a norm of recognition characterized not only by the fear of penetrating the anus, but essentially marked by the fear of having an anus. I seek to analyze the production of fear of the existence of the anus as an intrinsic element in the fabrication of supposed social threats in cisgender-straight-bolsonarism. Through a topographic metaphorization that locates/means the excluded as the anus of the social, the “enemy” appears as a mark of (...) the anal memory, reminding that the anus exists. If it exists, it can be penetrated. In this way, the existence of the anus organizes the differential distribution of humanity in this regime, as the minimum condition of being a human being is that of being a man, that is, not having an anus. This condition is reaffirmed by other markers of absence: not having a vagina, not having black skin, not belonging to ethnic and religious minorities... Cisgender-straight-bolsonarism behaves like an anatomical engineering in which the anus works as a catalyst for a masculinist reaction. The dermal tube is then reformatted in this regime. With this, I try to show that the fear of the existence of the anus is a central element of subjective enunciation and fascist recognition in this community. (shrink)

A VISÃO FILOSÓFICA DA GNOSE DE SAMPAIO BRUNO, O MAIS IMPORTANTE MÍSTICO GNÓSTICO PORTUGUÊS DOS TEMPOS MODERNOS Autor da concepção gnóstica mais reflectida, mais coerente e mais abrangente sob o ponto de vista filosófico e metafísico-teológico, Sampaio Bruno será nos tempos modernos o mais representativo e importante místico gnóstico português Procurando fundamentar a proposta de uma religião esotérica universal, Sampaio Bruno realiza a ideia de uma nova concepção da gnose em detrimento da velha gnose, que é essencialmente consubstanciada pelo judaísmo (...) místico da cabala e iluminada por uma matricialidade pagã de raiz perso-caldaica UMA OBRA QUE DÁ UM CONTRIBUTO FUNDAMENTAL PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO E EXPLICAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS PERSPECTIVAS, MANIFESTAÇÕES E REFERÊNCIAS DA CONCEPÇÃO GNÓSTICA DE SAMPAIO BRUNO. (shrink)

Several countries maintain universal health coverage, which implies responsibility to organize delivery formats of healthcare services and products for citizens. In Brazil, the health system has a principle of universal access for more than 30 years, but many deficiencies remain and the country observes a day practice for those seeking judicial decisions to determine provision of healthcare.

Research on linguistic interaction suggests that two or more individuals can sometimes form adaptive and cohesive systems. We describe an “alignment system” as a loosely interconnected set of cognitive processes that facilitate social interactions. As a dynamic, multi-component system, it is responsive to higher-level cognitive states such as shared beliefs and intentions (those involving collective intentionality) but can also give rise to such shared cognitive states via bottom-up processes. As an example of putative group cognition we turn to transactive memory (...) and suggest how further research on alignment in these cases might reveal how such systems can be genuinely described as cognitive. Finally, we address a prominent critique of collective cognitive systems, arguing that there is much empirical and explanatory benefit to be gained from considering the possibility of group cognitive systems, especially in the context of small-group human interaction. (shrink)

Available corpora for Argument Mining differ along several axes, and one of the key differences is the presence (or absence) of discourse markers to signal argumentative content. Exploring effective ways to use discourse markers has received wide attention in various discourse parsing tasks, from which it is well-known that discourse markers are strong indicators of discourse relations. To improve the robustness of Argument Mining systems across different genres, we propose to automatically augment a given text with discourse markers such that (...) all relations are explicitly signaled. Our analysis unveils that popular language models taken out-of-the-box fail on this task; however, when fine-tuned on a new heterogeneous dataset that we construct (including synthetic and real examples), they perform considerably better. We demonstrate the impact of our approach on an Argument Mining downstream task, evaluated on different corpora, showing that language models can be trained to automatically fill in discourse markers across different corpora, improving the performance of a downstream model in some, but not all, cases. Our proposed approach can further be employed as an assistant tool for better discourse understanding. (shrink)

Yoga is believed to have beneficial effects on cognition, attenuation of emotional intensity and stress reduction. Previous studies were mainly performed on eastern experienced practitioners or unhealthy subjects undergoing concomitant conventional therapies. Further investigation is needed on the effects of yoga per se, as well as its possible preventive benefits on healthy subjects. We investigated the effects of yoga on memory and psychophysiological parameters related to stress, comparing yoga practice and conventional physical exercises in healthy men . Memory tests, salivary (...) cortisol levels and stress, anxiety, and depression inventories were assessed before and after 6 months of practice. Yoga practitioners showed improvement of the memory performance, as well as improvements in psychophysiological parameters. The present results suggest that regular yoga practice can improve aspects of cognition and quality of life for healthy individuals. An indirect influence of emotional state on cognitive improvement promoted by yoga practice can be proposed. (shrink)

The article addresses how societal inequalities shape market arrangements. While business scholars developed important work about the interplay of organizations and societal economic inequalities, less has been said about the embeddedness of markets in unequal social structures. We argue that this issue may be addressed by cross-fertilizing the sociological approach of Bourdieu and the Strategic Action Fields perspective. To demonstrate our view, we assessed the extreme case of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling markets in Brazil, conducting a qualitative study based on (...) the precepts of abductive analysis and using data from different secondary sources, interviews, and participant observation. We verified the existence of correspondences between the power of strategic action fields and the positions the individuals controlling them occupy in what Bourdieu calls the social space and show how these differences enable inter field connections that tend to reproduce social hierarchies. (shrink)

Inter-organizational models are both a well-documented phenomena and a well-established domain in management and business ethics. Those models rest on collaborative capabilities. However, mainstream theories and practices aimed at developing these capabilities are based on a narrow set of assumptions and ethical principles about human nature and relationships, which constrain the very development of capabilities sought by them. This article presents an Aristotelic–Thomistic approach to collaborative entrepreneurship within and across communities of firms operating in complementary markets. Adopting a scholarship of (...) integration approach and evaluating the six studies of communities of organizations, we contribute an inter-organizational network model based on the assumptions about human motives and choice offered by Aristotle. We argue that the sustainability of inter-organizational communities depends on how rich is the set of assumptions about human nature upon which they are based. In order to develop and sustain collaborative capabilities in inter-organizational communities, a set of assumptions that takes both self-regarding and others’-regarding preferences as ends is required to avoid any kind of instrumentalization of collaboration, which is an end in itself. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (shrink)

Immanuel Kant, in a much-maligned view, thought that we could only have indirect duties to nonhuman animals who have no inherent moral value since they lack rationality. While there are various responses to this worrisome position, no one seems to consider that animals could conceivably qualify as having rationality, even on Kantian high standards. Animals engage in various activities that could be taken as indicators of the core aspects of rationality that Kant requires for having absolute worth. While these animal (...) behaviors will not prove that animals are rational, we must remember that we also cannot prove that other humans are rational. Instead, my goal is only to provide a basis for a precautionary moral principle that requires treating animals as minimally rational, given that they might be. On this basis, we ought to accept some direct Kantian duties for the respectful treatment of animals. (shrink)

Muitos chamam a era em que atualmente vivemos como a Era da Informação. Isso porque vivemos em um mundo altamente conectado onde o fluxo de informação é constante. Uma das principais fontes de informação nos dias de hoje é a Internet, seja através de pesquisas no Google, seja através do testemunho de nossos amigos ou empresas em que confiamos, através das redes sociais. Este artigo visa realizar uma análise desde um ponto de vista da epistemologia social e de uma epistemologia (...) dos vícios para se responder uma pergunta que vem sendo feita em diversas pesquisas de psicologia experimental: O uso da Internet nos torna intelectualmente viciosos? A conclusão a que chego é a de que sim, em determinados contextos, o uso da Internet nos torna intelectualmente viciosos. Para chegar a esta conclusão, analiso um experimento realizado em uma pesquisa de psicologia experimental que afirma que a Internet nos torna intelectualmente arrogantes e uma resposta desde um ponto de vista da epistemologia que defende que este uso pode promover talvez mais virtudes. Em seguida considero a arquitetura da internet dentro de um contexto informacional específico para poder chegar à conclusão de que a internet, em determinados contextos, nos torna sim intelectualmente viciosos. (shrink)

There are three concerns regarding Rachlin's altruism model. First, proximal causal mechanisms such as those identified by cognitive neuroscientists and behavioral neuropharmacologists are not emphasized. Second, there is a lack of clear testable hypotheses. And third, extreme forms of altruism are emphasized rather than common forms. We focus on an overarching theme – proximal mechanisms of individual differences in altruism.

According to studies on ordinary people's moral judgements, many believe in objective morality and values. This evidence that ordinary people adhere to moral absolutism is bolstered by research that focuses on the relationship between religion and traditional moral objectivity, correlating faith in God to moral objectivism. Existing research on folk moral objectivism among theists raises the question of whether believing in the existence of God leads to belief in objective moral standards. An even more challenging question is whether belief in (...) God is justified based on belief in objective moral standards. In this paper, I will look at existing studies on religion and folk moral objectivism, as well as Robert Adams' divine command theory and Alvin Planting’s reformed epistemology, to show that moral objectivism can provide grounds for theists to believe in God. The authors discovered a significant difference in the moral objectivism group's perceptions of a punishing God. Participants who adhered to Abrahamic religions experienced a more significant effect. To summarize, being primed to think of objective morality causes people to perceive God as more punishing. According to the research, theists' belief in a supernatural being whose commands distinguish between right and wrong motivates objective moral judgements. This makes sense because Abrahamic religions have an objective perspective of morality. (shrink)

O Darwinismo Neural explica o funcionamento do sistema nervosocentral com base em um processo de seleção populacional de gruposneuronais. Três características são compartilhadas entre DN e a teoria daseleção natural: repertórios variados de elementos, cuja fonte de variaçãonão está causalmente relacionada a eventos subseqüentes; interaçãocom o ambiente, permitindo a seleção de variantes favorecidas; e reprodução diferencial e herança de características das variantes.Interpretado como uma forma de epistemologia evolucionista, DN podeser incluído no programa da epistemologia evolucionista de mecanismos, como entendido por (...) Bradie. Este autor caracteriza este programapor enfocar o entendimento da dinâmica das estruturas cognitivas de umaperspectiva evolutiva. Neste artigo, discutimos como o DN foi construídoa partir de uma extensão metafórica da teoria da seleção natural. Osmecanismos propostos por aquela teoria para explicar o desenvolvimentoda dinâmica do SNC também são discutidos.Neural Darwinism explains the functioning of the central nervoussystem on the grounds of a process of populational selection ofneuronal groups. ND and the theory of natural selection share threecharacteristics: varied repertoires of elements, with variation source notbeing causally related to subsequent events; interaction with the environment, allowing for the selection of favored variants; and differential reproduction and heredity of characteristics of the variants. Ifinterpreted as a form of evolutionary epistemology, DN can be included inthe program of the evolutionary epistemology of mechanisms ,according to Bradie. He describes this program as focusing on theunderstanding of the dynamics of cognitive structures from an evolutionaryperspective. In this paper, we address how ND was built from a metaphoricalextension of the theory of natural selection. We also discuss the mechanismsproposed by that theory to explain the development of CNS dynamics. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to show that Clauberg’s Logic reformulates Aristotle’s principle of bivalence according to the concept of truth advanced by Descartes. While the Logic of Port-Royal later tried to adapt the concepts of modern Cartesian philosophy to Aristotle’s analytical logic, Clauberg’s Logic had already opened up the history of modern Cartesian logic by trying the inverse pathway, i.e., by intending to reformulate the principles of old logic according to the newly born Cartesian concepts. In Clauberg’s logic, (...) the ontological argument is the foundation for the truthfulness of ideas and propositions. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é, ao fazer memória dos cem anos da Escola de Frankfurt e assumindo como interlocutor Jürgen Habermas, discutir dois temas importantes para nosso contexto: as questões da liberdade e da religião. Em primeiro lugar, trata-se de verificar o que significa dizer ser livre em sentido próprio. Veremos que para Habermas apenas a autonomia da vontade torna possível afirmar a liberdade em sentido próprio. Em seguida, considerando o papel da religião da esfera pública, trata-se de perguntar em (...) que medida ela pode contribuir, ou não, para a formação da vontade autônoma dos cidadãos no Estado de Direito Democrático. Isso significa questionar em que medida a religião estaria apta a contribuir para o processo de integração das sociedades atuais caracterizadas pelo pluralismo e pela coexistência de crentes, não-crentes e crentes de denominações religiosas distintas que possuem o mesmo direito ao reconhecimento e à participação no espaço público. Palavras-chave: Autonomia. Pluralismo. Pretensão à Verdade. Integração Social. (shrink)

Este artigo traz, desde uma perspectiva lógico-hegeliana, uma proposta de articulação operatória das noções de interseccionalidade e lugar de fala, com as quais, muitas vezes, se realizam análises de discursos e de situações sociais. O fundamento da proposta é a sequência de silogismos de ideias que, derivados da Lógica de Hegel, estratificam a noção de mundo em três níveis: mundo do sujeito, mundo do gênero e mundo do espírito. O artigo complementa esse fundamento introduzindo duas operações, particionamento de ideias e (...) superposição de partições de ideias, com as quais é derivado o conceito geral mundo setorial. O artigo mostra, então, como as noções de interseccionalidade e lugar de fala podem ser articuladas operatoriamente pelas três formas particulares e estratificadas desse conceito geral: mundo do sujeito setorial, mundo do gênero setorial e mundo do espírito setorial. (shrink)

Partindo de alguns pressupostos que explicitam a questão nuclear da "instância do sujeito" na obra de Ricoeur (anteriores ou contemporâneos ao debate com o estruturalismo), e que tipificam a via filosófica ricoeuriana, e partindo também da articulação axial do pensamento de Lévi-Strauss (relacionada com esse debate), são depois propostos os tópicos dessa controvérsia. Tais tópicos, que se desenvolvem em torno dos elementos já considerados, gravitam à volta da inteligibilidade do sentido e do sentido da inteligibilidade, da complementaridade dos métodos, e (...) dos níveis semiológico e semântico, este último estabelecido mediante a pregnância da frase na linguagem, e da palavra (mot) como operador entre a estrutura e o acontecimento. /// La présente analyse commence par mettre en relief quelques présupposés qui explicitent la question nucléaire de "l'instance du sajet" dans l'oeuvre de Ricoeur (présupposés antérieurs ou contemporains du débat avec le structuralisme) et qui caractérisent le chemin philosophique de celui-ci; on prend également pour point de départ l'articulation centrale de la pensée de Lévi-Strauss relative à ce débat, afin de proposer ensuite les lignes mai-tresses de cette controverse. Ces lignes maitresses, qui se développent autour des éléments déjà mentionnés, gravitent autour de l'intelligibilité du sens et du sens de l'intelligibilité, de la complémentarité des méthodes et des niveaux sémiologique et sémantique, en établissant ce dernier niveau par le biais de la prégnance de la phrase dans le langage, et du mot comme opérateur entre la structure et l'événement. /// After presenting the presuppositions which underlie a question which is central to Ricoeur's work, "the subject as act, as instance", and which exemplify Ricoeur's way of doing philosophy, as well as presenting Lévi-Strauss' thought concerning this question, the article proposes the fundamental topics which define the controversy. These topics gravitate around the problem of the intelligibility of sense and the sense of intelligibility, of the complementary of methods, and of the semiotic and semantic levels, the latter level in established by the fullness of the sentence and of the word (mot) as operator between structure and event. (shrink)

The lives of non-human animals, their ways of being and seeing, their experiences and knowledge, and their relationships with each other, continue to be ignored, discounted, written over and destroyed by anthropocentric practices and endeavours. Within the vestiges of colonialism, this silence and occlusion co-opts and consumes animals, physically and culturally, into the servitude of human interests, and selective narratives of history and progress. Decolonising Animals brings together critical interrogations, case studies and creative explorations that identify and examine how non-human (...) animals are affected by and respond to colonial structures and processes. Included in this collection are the perspectives of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, artists and activists and the ways in which they have questioned colonial ways of knowing, engaging with and representing animals. Importantly, the book presents suggestions for how humans can decolonise their relationships with non-human animals and with each other. (shrink)

A EVASÃO FISCAL NAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS E SEUS REFLEXOS NA LIVRE CONCORRÊNCIA DO MERCADO INTERNO.

Destacamos la importancia de la comunicación para comprender adecuadamente el proceso de deterioro medioambiental y ecológico del planeta Tierra. Proponemos cesar en el uso del término cambio climático para comunicar este proceso, que caracterizamos como pandemia ambiental y ecológica de origen antrópico. Defendemos una comunicación orientada a la persuasión y a la búsqueda de consenso basada en la aceptación del disenso a través de la argumentación y el diálogo. Una comunicación que combine la razón de los datos y las evidencias, (...) así como del análisis crítico y reflexivo, con la apelación a las emociones y a los valores, que tenga en cuenta la importancia de las dinámicas y las dimensiones de las éticas. Instamos a considerar la comunicación científica como cultura. Abogamos por un marco epistémico e institucional que incorpore una ecología comunicativa, prestando mayor atención a los contextos de las relaciones recíprocas entre los seres humanos, el medio ambiente y el resto de las formas de vida que habitan el planeta, así como al sentido de comunidad global. (shrink)

Dentro do pensamento arenditiano, a experiência da solidão é uma das formas mais radicais de afastamento do ser humano da própria humanidade. Para Arendt existem caminhos que podem apontar e conduzir à solidão, e que devem ser vigiados e evitados. Arendt entende que esta experiência tão radical atinge seu ápice no contexto do totalitarismo, em especial nos campos de concentração. A solidão se torna estrutural e é fabricada continuamente no contexto totalitário. Como experiencia onde a pessoa se perde do mundo, (...) dos outros e de si mesma, a solidão é usada pelo regime totalitário como antecipação do aniquilamento final, onde a pessoa se torna um mero feixe vital, um morto vivo, sem expressão do ser pessoa, restando apenas o aniquilamento nos campos. (shrink)

Adapting gross motor movement to match the tempo of auditory rhythmic stimulation is a complex skill with a long developmental trajectory. Drumming tasks have previously been employed with infants and young children to measure the emergence of rhythmic entrainment, and may provide a tool for identification of those with atypical rhythm perception and production. Here we describe a new protocol for measuring infant rhythmic movement that can be employed at scale. In the current study, 50 two-year-olds drummed along with the (...) audiovisual presentation of four steady rhythms, using videos of isochronous drumming at 400, 500, 600, and 700 ms IOI, and provided their spontaneous motor tempo by drumming in silence. Toddlers’ drumming is observed from video recordings made in participants’ own homes, obtained via the Lookit platform for online infant studies. We use OpenPose deep-learning model to generate wireframe estimates of hand and body location for each video. The vertical displacement of the hand was extracted, and the power and frequency of infants’ rhythmic entrainment quantified using Fast Fourier Transforms. We find evidence for age-appropriate tempo-flexibility in our sample. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a fully digital approach to measuring rhythmic entrainment from within the participant’s home, from early in development. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta como princípio de sua fundamentação a possibilidade de compreender a filosofia de Platão como saber que intenciona, sobretudo, a formação e transformação do ser mesmo do homem, isto é, a alma mediante um processo terapêutico aplicado sobre si. Neste sentido será a partir da proposta interpretativa encontrada nas obras do helenista francês, Pierre Hadot, sobre a filosofia antiga, que inferir-se-á que em Platão há uma terapêutica da psyché, a qual, se fundamenta e se revela de maneira necessariamente (...) triádica: o cuidado de si, o conhecimento de si e o domínio sobre si, aqui denominados de “exercícios espirituais”, esta referida tríade, caracterizaria a filosofia platônica como um modo de vida, ou seja, uma proposta de ser abrangente que integre theoría e práxis. Por conseguinte, considera-se a existência de dois claros objetivos na filosofia como terapia da psyché que se justapõem: oferecer formação filosófico-espiritual à psyché e preparar ao bíos politiké. (shrink)

Marsilio Ficino’s fame as a translator, not least due to his contributions to theology and the development of hermeticism, has already been established by Frances Yates and debated by Wouter Hanegraaff. For each of his translations of Greek texts, Ficino wrote a preface to guide and to manipulate the reader. This paper presents an analysis of the auctoritas in the paratext of the Corpus Hermeticum, analyzing it as a rhetorical device used by Ficino to express his ideas, particularly the role (...) of Hermes Trismegistus. Ficino used his rhetorical skill not only to translate from Greek to Latin but also to support his theories in commentaries, letters, or, in this case, prefaces. (shrink)