Erickson's article links the concept of four tastes to color perception as a sensory modality with similar problems of categorization. Such problems are also present for odors and olfaction. Olfaction is the sensory modality with the closest physical relationship to taste, and the sense organs of both permanently interact. We discuss the origins and influences of core ideas of the science of smell to add to the discussion of unresolved categorization problems in taste from another, closely related point of view.

With the demise of Marxism and socialism, the United States is becoming a model not merely for free enterprise, but also for employment practices worldwide. I believe that free enterprise is the least worst economic system, given the alternatives, a position I shall assume, but not defend, here. However, I shall argue, a successful free enterprise political economy does not entail mimicking US employment practices. I find even today in 1998, as I shall outline in more detail, these practices, when (...) consistently carried out, by and large erode trust in the workplace, they are, on balance unfair to workers and managers, and, if Jeffrey Pfeffer is correct, they do not maximize long-term corporate earnings or growth. Getting clear on US employment practices and their weaknesses may help to shape other models for employment that neither contravene free enterprise nor are degrading to workers. (shrink)

What value does genomics hold for industry? Ten years after the White House Press conference where the human genome sequence was first presented, we ask in which ways and to what extent the developments in genomics have been integrated into industry. This enables us to assess whether this integration has been as successful as expected, but also which unexpected developments in genomics advances have triggered additional benefits for industry. Genomics has contributed to the beginning of a global transition to a (...) bio-based economy, but there have been and there still are hurdles to be cleared. The hurdles are not merely of a technological nature, since the objectives are a complex between economic progress, environmental and global climate concerns, and energy security. Therefore, they are at the same time technological, societal and environmental in nature. These categorisations fall short of articulating the many issues that arise, such as economic development (for emerging economies), public opinion formation and scientific and technological progress. We argue that to make this transition happen, industrialists, policy makers and the wider public have to be prepared to be more actively involved in the debate, weighing the pros and cons and taking responsibility in creating the desired sustainable world.This paper will examine the advances of genomics in the industrial context, the role of these advances in current attempts to find sustainable solutions to a variety of problems, the enthusiasm with which they have been picked up, the implications for industrial innovation and the accompanying discussion about possible consequential social and ethical issues. It will also sketch out the nature of this ongoing establishment of a bio-based economy, the parties that are currently at the negotiation table, and whether the current situation has an impact on the way societal debates emerge. (shrink)

In this paper, I provide an interpretation of Plato’s repeated claims in Republic V that women are “weaker” (asthenestera) than men. Specifically, I argue that Plato thinks women have a psychological propensity to get easily dispirited, which makes them less effective in implementing and executing their rational decisions. This interpretation achieves several things. It qualifies Plato’s position regarding women and their position in the polis. It provides the background against which we can interpret Aristotle’s claim in Politics I that women (...) possess a deliberative capacity that is not authoritative (akuron). It expands our understanding of the nature and role of spirit (thumos) in these authors. And, finally, it gives us insight into a kind of moral-psychological success that Plato and Aristotle consider central to both personal and political agency. (shrink)

One’s philosophical points of view, which form the bases for assumptions that we bring to management theory and practice matter, and matter deeply, to management thinking and corporate behavior. In this paper I outline three related threads of philosophical conversations and explain how they are important in management theory and practice: the “linguistic turn” in philosophy, deriving from the later writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein, a social constructionist perspective: a set of theories at least implicitly derived from the linguistic turn in (...) philosophy, and the notion of the impartial spectator. I then use these three theories to analyze the idea of the corporation, corporate cultures and corporate mission statements, stakeholder theories and their differences, and the limitations of the popular notion of “corporate social responsibility.” I conclude that how one frames these management ideas makes a difference, a difference in theory and in practice. (shrink)

Concerned with the idea of the self, this text challenges what it perceives to be the bleak deconstructionist views of ceaseless change with a discussion and depiction of the self in new vocabulary - an action-oriented self defined by the ways in which it communicates.

This article focuses on the aesthetics of the psychedelic experience. Aldous Huxley’s Doors of Perception remains one of the few studies that investigates the aesthetic dimension of the psychedelic experience as profoundly meaningful as such, because it gives direct attention to the nonhuman otherness of the universe that is hard to describe in words, but that can be felt and sensed. Similarly, Deleuze and Guattari have investigated psychedelics as a perceptual, aesthetic, phenomenon. They argue that psychedelic aesthetics offers an experience (...) at the limits of perception to the point of ultimate abstraction of geometric figures and grains. Drawing upon the works of two experimental filmmakers from two different generations and backgrounds, Philippe Garrel’s enigmatic Le Révélateur ( The Revealer, 1968 ) and Morgan Quaintance’s thought-provoking Surviving You, Always (2021), the borders of the perceptual field by cinematographic means will be investigated. These works are exemplary of how the nonhuman perception of the camera, its ‘bodies without organs’, and its affective intensity evoke a psychedelic, mind-revealing, experience and an ethics of – in Deleuze’s words – ‘becoming not unworthy of the event’. (shrink)

Concerned with pedagogy and the learning achievement of both girls and boys, this book examines international trends in subject performance throughout schooling and looks critically at a range of interventions in difference contexts and countries, all aimed at enhancing equity in schools and higher education institutions.; The book argues that pedagogy can not be isolated from the overarching gender-education system. What can be done, it claims, is that teachers can be provided with a range of pedagogic strategies which can be (...) used to make education, as it is experienced by students and reflected in their achievements, more just. (shrink)

The present paper want to show the "sense of work" (subjetive and objetive). It studies L. Polo's work in relation with some Encyclicals and Documents about Social Doctrine of Catholic Church.

Este artigo pretende examinar alguns aspectos da doutrina social de Proudhon e de Bakunin, procurando relacioná-los com suas propostas de transformação social.Cet article a Vintention d'examiner quelques aspects de la doctrine sociale de Proufhon et Bakounine en faisant le rapport avec leurs propositions de transformation sociale.

To develop my arguments about this revision of the logistics ofdisappearance, I will turn to several recent Iraq War films, look at thedifferent types of screens they present and investigate their aestheticdimensions and ethical implications. Among the multiple screens present inthese films, the video war diaries made by the soldiers at the front are mostsalient. These diaries will be an important focus of my analysis of acontemporary logistics of perception, which, following the implication ofWeb 2.0 applications, I will call the (...) logistics of perception 2.0. (shrink)

Si l’ open data des décisions de justice doit améliorer l’accès effectif des citoyens à l’information jurisprudentielle et est susceptible d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives économiques, en termes de création de valeur, d’amélioration de la compétitivité des entreprises, voire d’attractivité du système juridique français, elle constitue aussi un enjeu fondamental pour l’institution judiciaire et les professions de justice, dont elle est susceptible de faire évoluer, sensiblement et rapidement, la culture et les pratiques. Un des intérêts de cette meilleure prévisibilité des décisions (...) va être de favoriser le développement des modes alternatifs de résolution des différends (MARD). Mais des risques existent pour l’institution judiciaire ; ils sont ici évoqués. (shrink)

Ein zentrales Ziel von Transparency and Reflection ist es zu erklären, wie Selbstwissen möglich ist, während zugleich daran festgehalten wird, dass Wissen um Bewusstseinszustände ‚transparent‘ ist mit Blick auf unser Weltwissen. Ich möchte zeigen, dass die von Matthew Boyle bemühten Ressourcen – insbesondere „Bewusstsein als Subjekt“ und „Arten des Gegebenseins“ – nicht ausreichen, um die Einführung der Vorstellung eines Selbsts zu erklären, das vielfältige Zustände hat. Dagegen möchte ich vorschlagen, dass Boyle erfolgreicher gewesen wäre, wenn er bei seiner früheren Kantischen (...) Annahme geblieben wäre, nach der die Beherrschung der Vorstellung der Ersten-Person ein Bewusstsein der Aktivität des Denkens benötigt, das Subjekte dazu befähigt, Warum-Fragen zu beantworten. (shrink)

¿Está suficientemente presente el deseo en la Divina Comedia para tomarlo en consideración? ¿Es realmente la purificación del deseo el núcleo del Purgatorio dantesco? Con estas dos preguntas queremos iluminar el tema del deseo en el poema dantesco. La disertación se enmarcará en el sentido de desiderium aportado por santo Tomás en su Tratado de las pasiones (S. Th., I-II, q.22-48) y en las cuestiones relativas a las potencias del alma (S. Th., I, q.78-80). Con el marco tomista como referencia, (...) estudiaremos la purificación del deseo, especialmente del racional, y la entenderemos como el proceso de ordenación y desvelamiento del deseo último del hombre: contemplar a Dios cara a cara. Para ello, destacaremos la ayuda de la virtud y de la educación de la mirada como dos factores fundamentales para culminar el ascenso por la montaña de la purificación y permitir al alma alcanzar la cumbre de sus deseos en el Paraíso. Como conclusión, señalaremos que la purificación del deseo ilumina nuestra naturaleza y permite lograr la unión real entre Dios y su criatura. (shrink)

This paper contributes to the contemporary business ethics narrative by proposing an approach to corporate ethical decision making (EDM) which serves as an alternative to the imposition of codes and standards to address the ethical consequences of grand challenges, like COVID-19, which are impacting today’s society. Our alternative approach to EDM embraces the concept of reflexive thinking and ethical consciousness among the individual agents who collectively are the corporation and who make ethical decisions, often in isolation, removed from the collocated (...) corporate setting. We draw on the teachings of the Canadian philosopher and theologian, Fr. Bernard Lonergan, to conceptualize an approach to EDM which focuses on the ethics of the corporate agent by nurturing the universal and invariant structure that is operational in all human beings. Embracing Lonergan’s dynamic cognitive structure of human knowing, and the structure of the human good, we advance a paradigm of EDM in business which emboldens authentic ethical thought, decision making, and action commensurate with virtuous living and germane to human flourishing. Lonergan’s philosophy guides us away from the imposition of over-arching corporate codes of ethics and inspires us, as individual agents, to attend to the data of our own consciousness in our ethical decision making. Such cognitional endowment leads us out of the ethics of the ‘timeless present’ (Islam and Greenwood in Journal of Business Ethics 170: 1–4, 2021) towards ethical authenticity in business, leaving us better placed to reflect upon and address the ethical issues emanating from grand challenges like COVID-19. (shrink)

Models of content-sharing behavior on online social media platforms typically represent content spread as a diffusion process modeled on contagious diseases; users’ behavior is modeled with single-agent decision theory. However, social media platforms are interactive spaces where users care about reactions to, and further spread of, the content they post. Thus, social media interaction falls under the intended use cases for game theory. In contrast to existing models leaving strategic reasoning out, we capture agents’ social media decisions within a cognitive (...) hierarchy framework, which can be interpreted as making formally precise how agents make strategic choices based on mutual expectations of rationality. Analytically, we identify limit cases in which a platform can be swamped with content that no agents personally like but all expect to elicit reactions (think obvious fake-news). We then use agent-based simulations to show that a range of more realistic cases give rise to similar outcomes. (shrink)

El propósito de la investigación es profundizar en los fundamentos filosóficos de la teoría arquitectónica de Leon Battista Alberti en el tratado _De re aedificatoria_, en particular en el Prefacio y el libro I, donde se discuten aspectos centrales del proceso de diseño entendido como creación intelectual y estética a través de los conceptos de _pulchritudo_ y _lineamenta_. El punto de partida del análisis se sitúa en la relación establecida entre los principios de _lineamenta_ y _forma_ en la teoría retórica (...) ciceroniana y en los conceptos de espacio, lugar, _forma_, cuerpo y proporción que tienen su origen en la tradición filosófica platónica y aristotélica, la geometría euclidiana y la teoría arquitectónica vitruviana. Se considera que desde la Antigüedad, la arquitectura estaba ligada a conceptos de naturaleza filosófica de los que derivaban sus principios. (shrink)

In the dissertation I provide an account of action descriptions which emphasizes their role as explanations of consequences. By showing that consequences are ascribed to an action under a description, and only when that description can explain the consequence, I undermine the view that consequences are brute events. Roughly, I reason as follows. If consequences were brute events, then their ascription to an action wouldn't hinge on how we understand the action. We could, for instance, say in ordinary circumstances "John (...) tensed his finger" and as a consequence "Mary became a widow" without any untowardness at all. I show both that we do not do this and that we cannot do it. That we do not do it is supported primarily by linguistic intuitions; mainly I show that there is an infelicity in ascribing to an action a consequence which is not explained by that action. To support the claim that we cannot do this I argue that if there were no "fit" between action and consequence that would make communication difficult. ;I then use this characterization of action descriptions and consequences to serve as a criterion for identifying the privileged description of an action. Any one action may have several action descriptions. In light of this, there is a question raised about which, if any, of these descriptions is privileged. I show that within the wider social context there is a description of the action which is dominant. Then I argue that this description is and should be chosen in virtue of the explanatory power of action descriptions with respect to consequences. (shrink)

One of the main trends of research on the Vita Basilii has been focused on the connections between this text and the rest of the historical work into which it was subsumed, the so-called Continuation of Theophanes. This research has significant implications for the chronology and the sources of the Vita, and for its function and meaning as well. Even if the circumstances of composition of both texts are far from being clear, and the same can be said of its (...) authorship and most of its sources, a close examination of a set of key passages allows to throw some light on the chronology and the sources of the Vita. This passages can be found in the regnum Michaelis of the Continuation and in the Vita and refer to episodes with particular importance, as they constitute the core of the psógos of Michael III. This approach will show that the Vita Basilii can by no means be considered prior to the books I–IV of the Continuation and, therefore, will justify a reformulation of the current chronological hypothesis. In connection with the function and meaning of the Vita, it allows to interpret it as a stylistic reworking which pursued to be the last word of the emperor on the deeds of his dubious grandfather and, in fact, on the historical mission of the Macedonian dynasty. (shrink)

In their article, Murayama and Jach contend that a mental computational model demonstrates that high-level motivations are emergent properties from underlying cognitive processes rather than instigators of behaviors. Despite points of agreement with the authors' critiques of the motivation literature, I argue that their claim of dismantling the black box of the human mind has been constructed on shaking grounds.

A crise da representação política e as atuais ameaças às democracias liberais consistem em temas de grande reflexão e debate na filosofia política contemporânea, o que explica, em parte o renovado interesse pelo conceito de representação política. O presente artigo defende que a compreensão das ideologias políticas, a partir da abordagem morfológica de Michael Freeden, possibilita novas formas de pensar sobre a representação e sua relação com a democracia. Ao atribuírem significados determinados e estáveis a conceitos políticos essencialmente contestados, as (...) ideologias disputam o controle da linguagem política, desempenhando também uma função integrativa, ao vincular simbolicamente o indivíduo à sociedade a qual pertence, permitindo, assim, o compartilhamento de conteúdos da consciência individual. A partir da obra de Nadia Urbinati, defende-se a centralidade da recuperação da dimensão ideológica da política para uma noção de representação efetivamente democrática, o que passa pela compreensão do papel deliberativo das ideologias e o caráter híbrido destes sistemas de pensamento, que agregam elementos racionais e não-racionais. (shrink)

As tecnologias da informação e da comunicação têm interferido nas diversas dimensões da vida humana. Com as redes sociais, oportunizou-se aos indivíduos a experiência de serem também produtores de conteúdo, afetando diretamente no relacionamento com as organizações. Assim, este artigo olha para o que Braga (2006) identificou como o sistema de resposta social, aplicado às inter-relações estabelecidas entre os públicos e as organizações, observando os comentários de uma postagem do Magazine Luiza sobre o dia do Orgulho LGBTQIAPN+. Entre apoios e (...) críticas, os conteúdos demonstram o quanto o posicionamento dos públicos está permeado pela realidade social, ao mesmo tempo em que explicita a importância do posicionamento das empresas sobre temas polêmicos, levando a sociedade a discussões que instiguem a mudança social. (shrink)

Misrepresentation and mischief in the research process can impact on ethical conduct, the validity of findings and deliberately change the outcome. This short report presents a scenario about deliberate interference in adoption research by one organisation seeking accreditation to deliver adoption services. Unbeknown to the researchers, fake participants completed an online survey designed to capture the post-adoption needs of adult international adoptees living in Australia. Interference was unexpected as it was naively assumed that all stakeholders involved in adoption would be (...) concerned with meeting post-adoption needs. A definition of politically motivated fake participants, implications for the research process, predicting such interference and strategies to address the problem are discussed. (shrink)

Patricia Joy Huntington reflects that loneliness does not only consist of the heartfelt absences of a friend, partner, spouse, or child, but rather stems from a radical breach in one's life journey. In this conceptually rigorous and warmly poetic book, Huntington develops a unique philosophy of receptivity and an original portrait of redemptive suffering. By fully exploring notions of pain, she also examines how the relation between the heart's musical attunement and meaning-filled life passages can lead one to a (...) more spiritual philosophy and a more independent life. Huntington reveals the maternal face of God and encourages the feminine divine in her poignant narrative of overcoming. This deeply philosophical meditation offers a nuanced view of religious experience, providence, and transcendence. (shrink)

Using data from the General Social Survey and the National Organizations Survey, this study assesses the extent to which job search methods affect gender composition in a job. In contrast to past research and the popular notion that networking maximizes job search outcomes, it is found that women who use informal job search methods had jobs with more women in them compared to not using such methods. Women using formal job search methods had jobs with fewer women in them compared (...) to not using these methods. For men, job search methods were not associated with the gender composition of the job. (shrink)