En este trabajo pretendemos desarrollar y actualizar lo que ya expusimos en un escrito que fue publicado en esta misma revista en el año 2007. En él criticábamos la sustitución en la educación general del modelo humanístico de educación por nuevos modelos educativos que, aunque se presentan como «liberadores» o «progresistas», han producido todo tipo de problemas en los países en los que se han implantado. Así pues, volveremos a hacer un amplio recorrido por la historia de la educación para (...) mostrar las diferencias existentes entre esos modelos. (shrink)

Open Letter to Comrade Žižek is an attempt to question and highlight some incongruous points that Slavoj Žižek, one of the greatest critics of capitalism and its ideological effects in the contemporary world, expressed in his latest books about the Pandemics. The text focuses in the economic, political, social and cultural consequences of Žižek’s position and goes further in developing another position related to the spread of COVID-19 and the preventive measures to fight it.

Se hace aquí una lectura del arte islámico en relación con la propia religión dentro de la cual surgió. Las referencias coránicas a la belleza de Dios y al amor que el creyente debe a esta belleza fueron fuente de inspiración para los artistas musulmanes.

En el marco de los treinta años de la publicación en castellano de la segunda edición de la Teoría pura del derecho y de los setenta y cinco años de la primera publicación en alemán de dicha obra, del profesor austriaco Hans Kelsen, el Programa de Derecho de la Facultad de Relaciones Internacionales y Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, celebró, en octubre de 2009, el Congreso Académico Internacional Hans Kelsen: una Teoría Pura del (...) Derecho, del cual se originó el libro que lleva el mismo nombre. La relevancia que produjo dicho evento en el ámbito académico, así como el interés despertado para la generación de un espacio similar con otros autores de importancia para la ciencia jurídica, se establecieron como el punto de encuentro y la razón de producción de aquello que lleva el nombre hoy de jornadas Académicas Internacionales de Argumentación y Filosofía del Derecho que, adicionalmente, sirvieron para una modulación de actividades desarrollas en el Foro de Interpretación, Argumentación y Decisión judicial del año 2010, llevado a cabo en nuestra Universidad, con presencia del profesor portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos. (shrink)

The target article effectively assesses multiple hypotheses for human sexuality, demonstrating support for a complex, integrated perspective. However, care must be taken when extrapolating human universal patterns from specific cultural subsets without appropriate ethnographic contexts. Although it makes a strong contribution to the investigation of human sexuality, the basal reliance on a reductionist perspective constrains the full efficacy of this research.

La estela de la crisis del proyecto civilizatorio occidental ha agudizado las desigualdades sociales y alterado los procesos homeostáticos de la biosfera. El despojo sutil o violento de los territorios con alto potencial de recursos naturales es una astucia más del modelo neoliberal para paliar su crisis estructural; tal como sucede contra los pueblos indígenas. Estas acciones son altamente perturbadoras de las dinámicas de organización social, y de la agudización de injusticia ambiental. Sin embargo, diversos grupos sociales están reconfigurando sus (...) estrategias no solo para resistir, sino para la construcción de alternativas. El ethos comunitario (comunalidad) -como un elemento cultural propio de los pueblos con ascendencia de la cultura mesoamericana- es una de estrategia intercultural fundamental para estas tareas. La noción de resiliencia social se usa como herramienta analítica de tal exploración. Se destaca que los grados de resiliencia de las comunidades están relacionados con la construcción de procesos autonómicos. (shrink)

The adaptationist and exaptationist programs overlap in their need for a pluralistic approach to understanding evolutionary change, and Andrews et al. effectively illustrate the methodological confounds of these approaches. However, the current critique of adaptationism, especially in the arena of human behavior, rests on the tendency to rapidly reify adaptationist hypotheses prior to broad evidentiary consensus across relevant disciplines.

Introduction: The many faces of human nature / Agustín Fuentes and Aku Visala Chapter 1. Off human nature / Jonathan Marks. Response I. On your marks... get set, we’re off human nature / James M. Calcagno ; Response II. Rethinking human nature : comments on Jonathan Marks’s anti-essentialism / Phillip R. Sloan ; Response III. Off human nature and on human culture : the importance of the concept of culture to science and society / Robert Sussman and Linda Sussman (...) Chapter 2. "To human" is a verb / Tim Ingold. Response I. Free and easy wandering : humans, humane education, and designing in harmony with the nature of the way / Susan D. Blum ; Response II. On human natures : anthropological and Jewish musings / Richard Sosis ; Response III. The humanifying adventure : a response to Tim Ingold / Markus Mühling ; Response IV. The ontogenesis of human moral becoming / Darcia Narvaez Chapter 3. Recognizing the complexity of personhood : complex emergent developmental linguistic relational neurophysiologicalism / Warren Brown and Brad D. Strawn. Response I. "Self-organizing personhood" and many loose ends / Lluis Oviedo ; Response II. A last hurrah for dualism? / Kelly James Clark ; Response III. Why the foundational question about human nature is open and empirical / Carl Gillett Chapter 4. Human origins and the emergence of a distinctively human imagination : theology and the archaeology of personhood / J. Wentzel van Huyssteen. Response I. Constructing the face, creating the collective : Neolithic mediation of personhood / Ian Kuijt ; Response II. Imago Dei and the glabrous ape / Douglas Hedley Chapter 5. What is human nature for? / Grant Ramsey. Response I. The difficulties of forsaking normativity / Neil Arner ; Response II. Some remarks on human nature and naturalism / Aku Visala Epilogues. Putting evolutionary theory to work in investigating human nature / Agustín Fuentes ; Moving us forward? / Celia Deane-Drummond. (shrink)

This article examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) through the lens of political ontology. We contend that CSR is not only a discursive mean of legitimization but an inherently ontological practice through which particular worlds become real. CSR enables the politics of place-making, connecting humans and nonhumans in specific territorial configurations in accordance with corporate needs and interests. We discuss three CSR mechanisms of singularization that create a particular corporate ontology in place: (1) community engagements that form ‘stakeholders’; (2) CSR standards (...) and certifications that produce singular sustainable environments; and (3) CSR reporting that erases ontological conflicts and enables the singularized representation (of the environment and the community) to travel to other locations of the corporate world. We argue that these ontological CSR practices obscure the pluriverse of other world and place-making practices that would create different kinds of sustainabilities based on less extractive and non-corporate ways of being in place. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo el arte medieval (cristiano occidental y musulmán) expresa una naturaleza y espacio que depende del concepto de naturaleza y de espacio que se tiene. Ahora bien, este concepto es distinto en el mundo cristiano y en el musulmán. Los dos sostienen que la naturaleza y el espacio, a diferencia de Grecia, son creados, dependen de un Dios transcendente. Sin embargo, la naturaleza y el espacio en el arte musulmán resulta mucho más dependiente (...) del Creador, lo cual se manifiesta en sus formas artísticas. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como propósito exponer los prejuicios de género que hasta el día de hoy prevalece y se reproducen en las instituciones educativas de todos los niveles en nuestro país. La intención es promover la reflexión entre los lectores sobre la forma en que se han emprendido acciones de educación científica hacia las niñas en nuestro país y el escaso interés que se ha prestado al papel que cumplen los estereotipos de género en este proceso.

This article analyses the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in relation to Human Resources (HR) management. Five potential tools are defined and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the implementation of the most advanced and powerful tool in this area is studied: the SA8000 standard.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a measure of heart-brain interaction and autonomic modulation, and it is modified by cognitive and attentional tasks. In cognitive tasks, HRV was reduced in participants who achieved worse results. This could indicate the possibility of HRV predicting cognitive performance, but this association is still unclear in a high cognitive load sport such as chess Objective: To analyse modifications on HRV and subjective perception of stress, difficulty and complexity in different chess problem (...) tasks. Design: HRV was assessed at baseline. During the chess problems, HRV was also monitored, and immediately after chess problems the subjective stress, difficulty and complexity were also registered. Method: A total of 16 male chess players, age: 35.19 (13.44) and ELO: 1927.69 (167.78) were analysed while six chess problem solving tasks with different level of difficulty were conducted (two low level, two medium level and two high level chess problems). Participants were classified according to their results into two groups: high performance or low performance. Results: Friedman test showed a significant effect of tasks in HRV indexes and perceived difficulty, stress and complexity in both high and low performance groups. A decrease in HRV was observed in both groups when chess problems difficulty increased. In addition, HRV was significantly higher in the high performance group than in the low performance group during chess problems. Conclusions: An increase in autonomic modulation was observed to meet the cognitive demands of the problems, being higher while the difficulty of the tasks increased. Non-linear HRV indexes seem to be more reactive to tasks difficulty, being an interesting and useful tool in chess training. (shrink)

Partiendo de que las empresas obtienen mejores resultados si su equipo profesional está integrado y se considera valorado por sus superiores y por el cliente final, este trabajo analiza el valor que puede tener la Gestión de las Emociones en la Gestión del Conflicto Empresarial. Para ello se realiza una profunda revisión bibliográfica sobre el concepto y su aplicación y se muestran los resultados obtenidos de una investigación cuantitativa realizada en el Sector Hotelero. Los resultados demuestran la relevancia de las (...) Emociones en cualquiera de las relaciones de la empresa, con el cliente interno y con el externo. (shrink)

I argue that there are different orders of mechanisms with different constitutive relevance and individuation conditions. In common first-order mechanistic explanations, constitutive relevance norms are captured by the matched-interlevel-experiments condition (Craver et al. (2021) Synthese 199:8807–8828). Regarding individuation, we say that any two mechanisms are of the same type when they have the same concrete components performing the same activities in the same arrangement. By contrast, in higher-order mechanistic explanations, we formulate the decompositions in terms of generalized basic components (GBCs). (...) These GBCs (e.g., logic gates) possess causal properties that are common to a set of physical systems. Mechanistic explanations formulated in terms of GBCs embody the epistemic value of horizontal integration, which aims to explain as many phenomena as possible with a minimal amount of abstract components (Wajnerman Paz (2017a) Philos Psychol 30:213–234). Two higher-order mechanisms are of the same type when they share all the same GBCs, and they are organized as performing the same activities with the same interactions. I use this notion of mechanistic order to enhance the mechanistic account of computation (MAC) and provide an account of the epistemic norms of computational explanation and the nature of medium-independent functional properties and mechanisms. Finally, I use these new conceptual tools to address four criticisms of the MAC. (shrink)

The numerical study of a glycolytic model formed by a system of three delay differential equations reveals a multiplicity of stable coexisting states: birhythmicity, trirhythmicity, hard excitation and quasiperiodic with chaotic regimes. For different initial functions in the phase space one may observe the coexistence of two different quasiperiodic motions, the existence of a stable steady state with a stable torus, and the existence of a strange attractor with different stable regimes (chaos with torus, chaos with bursting motion, and chaos (...) with different periodic regimes). For a single range of the control parameter values our system may exhibit different bifurcation diagrams: in one case a Feigenbaum route to chaos coexists with a finite number of successive periodic bifurcations, in other conditions it is possible to observe the coexistence of two quasiperiodicity routes to chaos. These studies were obtained both at constant input flux and under forcing conditions. (shrink)

A bold new synthesis of paleontology, archaeology, genetics, and anthropology that overturns misconceptions about race, war and peace, and human nature itself, answering an age-old question: What made humans so exceptional among all the species on Earth? Creativity. It is the secret of what makes humans special, hiding in plain sight. Agustín Fuentes argues that your child's finger painting comes essentially from the same place as creativity in hunting and gathering millions of years ago, and throughout history in making (...) war and peace, in intimate relationships, in shaping the planet, in our communities, and in all of art, religion, and even science. It requires imagination and collaboration. Every poet has her muse; every engineer, an architect; every politician, a constituency. The manner of the collaborations varies widely, but successful collaboration is inseparable from imagination, and it brought us everything from knives and hot meals to iPhones and interstellar spacecraft. Weaving fascinating stories of our ancient ancestors' creativity, Fuentes finds the patterns that match modern behavior in humans and animals. This key quality has propelled the evolutionary development of our bodies, minds, and cultures, both for good and for bad. It's not the drive to reproduce; nor competition for mates, or resources, or power; nor our propensity for caring for one another that have separated us out from all other creatures. As Fuentes concludes, to make something lasting and useful today you need to understand the nature of your collaboration with others, what imagination can and can't accomplish, and, finally, just how completely our creativity is responsible for the world we live in. Agustín Fuentes's resounding multimillion-year perspective will inspire readers—and spark all kinds of creativity. (shrink)

Sobre el “triángulo general” de Locke, de Evert Willem Berth.

The concepts of “good” and “bad” are associated with right and left space. Individuals tend to associate good things with the side of their dominant hand, where they experience greater motor fluency, and bad things with their nondominant side. This mapping has been shown to be flexible: Changing the relative fluency of the hands, or even observing a change in someone else's motor fluency, results in a reversal of the conceptual mapping, such that good things become associated with the side (...) of the nondominant hand. Yet, based on prior studies, it is unclear whether space–valence associations were determined by the experience of fluent versus disfluent actions, or by the mere expectation of fluency. Here, we tested the role of expected fluency by removing motor execution and perceptual feedback altogether. Participants were asked to imagine themselves performing a psychomotor task with one of their hands impaired, after which their implicit space–valence mapping was measured. After imagining that their right hand was impaired, right-handed participants showed the “good is left” association typical of left-handers. Motor imagery can change people's implicit associations between space and emotional valence. Although asymmetric motor experience may be necessary to establish body-specific associations between space and valence initially, neither motoric nor perceptual experience is needed to change these associations subsequently. The mere expectation of fluent versus disfluenct actions can drive fluency-based effects on people's implicit spatialization of “good” and “bad.” These results suggest a reconsideration of the mechanisms and boundary conditions of fluency effects. (shrink)

According to the muslim faith of Ibn Bâyya (Avempace) and to the aristotelism and neoplatonism of his philosophy, this andalusian author in all his works asks for the first grounds of all reality and being. And Ibn Bâyya finds these grounds in the Agent Intellect (who, probably, is the philosophical version of God) and in the human reason and conscience. Thus, the ideal of the philosophe and of the wise is the union of both together: the reason/conscience and Agent Intellect (...) (i.e. God) by means of an intellectualis mystic or "amor Dei intellectualis". (shrink)