Results for 'Nuclear medicine'

940 found
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  1.  43
    Nuclear medicine clinic.Susan Eisenberg & Jack Coulehan - 1994 - Journal of Medical Humanities 15 (1):73-75.
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  2.  54
    Nuclear weapons and medicine: some ethical dilemmas.A. Haines, C. de B. White & J. Gleisner - 1983 - Journal of Medical Ethics 9 (4):200-206.
    The enormous destructive power of present stocks of nuclear weapons poses the greatest threat to public health in human history. Technical changes in weapons design are leading to an increased emphasis on the ability to fight a nuclear war, eroding the concept of deterrence based on mutually assured destruction and increasing the risk of nuclear war. Medical planning and civil defence preparations for nuclear war have recently been increased in several countries although there is little evidence (...)
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  3.  73
    Nuclear Energy in the Service of Biomedicine: The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission’s Radioisotope Program, 1946–1950.Angela N. H. Creager - 2006 - Journal of the History of Biology 39 (4):649-684.
    The widespread adoption of radioisotopes as tools in biomedical research and therapy became one of the major consequences of the "physicists' war" for postwar life science. Scientists in the Manhattan Project, as part of their efforts to advocate for civilian uses of atomic energy after the war, proposed using infrastructure from the wartime bomb project to develop a government-run radioisotope distribution program. After the Atomic Energy Bill was passed and before the Atomic Energy Commission was formally established, the Manhattan Project (...)
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  4. Direct Nuclear Reprogramming: Response to Condic, Lee, and George.Gerard Magill & William B. Neaves - 2009 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 19 (2):201-202.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Direct Nuclear Reprogramming: Response to Condic, Lee, and GeorgeGerard Magill, Ph.D. and William B. NeavesWe read with great interest the response of Maureen Condic, Patrick Lee, and Robert George (2009) to our essay, “Ontological and Ethical Implications of Direct Nuclear Reprogramming” in the March 2009 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal (Magill and Neaves 2009). Much of their response addressed issues that are not in (...)
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  5.  17
    Nuclear war and human responsibility.John T. Edsall - 1985 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 28 (2):208.
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  6.  38
    Regenerative Medicine: Past and Present. [REVIEW]Anthony Atala - 2009 - Medicine Studies 1 (1):11-31.
    Novel therapies resulting from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technology may offer new hope for patients with injuries, end-stage organ failure, degenerative disorders and many other clinical issues. Currently, patients suffering from diseased and injured organs are treated with transplanted organs. However, there is a shortage of donor organs that is worsening yearly as the population ages and new cases of organ failure increase. Scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are now applying the principles (...)
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  7. Randomized Controlled Trials for Diagnostic Imaging: Conceptual and Pratical Problems.Elisabetta Lalumera & Stefano Fanti - 2019 - Topoi 38 (2):395-400.
    We raise a problem of applicability of RCTs to validate nuclear diagnostic imaging tests. In spite of the wide application of PET and other similar techniques that use radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic purposes, RCT-based evidence on their validity is sparse. We claim that this is due to a general conceptual problem that we call Prevalence of Treatment, which arises in connection with designing RCTs for testing any diagnostic procedure in the present context of medical research, and is particularly apparent in (...)
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  8.  43
    Somatic cell reprogramming for regenerative medicine: SCNT vs. iPS cells.Guangjin Pan, Tao Wang, Hongjie Yao & Duanqing Pei - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (6):472-476.
    Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state holds huge potentials for regenerative medicine. However, a debate over which method is better, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, still persists. Both approaches have the potential to generate patient‐specific pluripotent stem cells for replacement therapy. Yet, although SCNT has been successfully applied in various vertebrates, no human pluripotent stem cells have been generated by SCNT due to technical, legal and ethical difficulties. On the other (...)
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  9.  97
    Oversight framework over oocyte procurement for somatic cell nuclear transfer: Comparative analysis of the Hwang Woo Suk case under south korean bioethics law and U.s. Guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research.Mi-Kyung Kim - 2009 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 30 (5):367-384.
    We examine whether the current regulatory regime instituted in South Korea and the United States would have prevented Hwang’s potential transgressions in oocyte procurement for somatic cell nuclear transfer, we compare the general aspects and oversight framework of the Bioethics and Biosafety Act in South Korea and the US National Academies’ Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, and apply the relevant provisions and recommendations to each transgression. We conclude that the Act would institute centralized oversight under governmental auspices (...)
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  10.  32
    On the Spot Ethical Decision-Making in CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear Event) Response.Andrew P. Rebera & Chaim Rafalowski - 2014 - Science and Engineering Ethics 20 (3):735-752.
    First responders to chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) events face decisions having significant human consequences. Some operational decisions are supported by standard operating procedures, yet these may not suffice for ethical decisions. Responders will be forced to weigh their options, factoring-in contextual peculiarities; they will require guidance on how they can approach novel (indeed unique) ethical problems: they need strategies for “on the spot” ethical decision making. The primary aim of this paper is to examine how first responders (...)
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  11. Treating Humanity as an Inviolable End: An Analysis of Contraception and Altered Nuclear Transfer.Lawrence Masek - 2008 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 33 (1):1-16.
    I argue that contraception is morally wrong but that periodic abstinence (or natural family planning) is not. Further, I argue that altered nuclear transfer—a proposed technique for creating human stem cells without destroying human embryos—is morally wrong for the same reason that contraception is. Contrary to what readers might expect, my argument assumes nothing about the morality of cloning or abortion and requires no premises about God or natural teleology. Instead, I argue that contraception and altered nuclear transfer (...)
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  12.  11
    Cloning in Biology and Medicine: Clinical Opportunities and Ethical Concerns.Ian Wilmut - 2002 - In Justine Burley & John Harris, A Companion to Genethics. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 33–42.
    The prelims comprise: Nuclear Transfer at Present Potential Applications Implications of the Present Inadequacies General Conclusions.
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  13.  52
    Germ-Line Therapy to Cure Mitochondrial Disease: Protocol and Ethics of In Vitro Ovum Nuclear Transplantation.Donald S. Rubenstein, David C. Thomasma, Eric A. Schon & Michael J. Zinaman - 1995 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4 (3):316.
    The combination of genuine ethical concerns and fear of learning to use germ-line therapy for human disease must now be confronted. Until now, no established techniques were available to perform this treatment on a human. Through an integration of several fields of science and medicine, we have developed a nine step protocol at the germ-line level for the curative treatment of a genetic disease. Our purpose in this paper is to provide the first method to apply germ-line therapy to (...)
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  14.  11
    A modern proposal for aiding our country in winning a full-scale nuclear conflict.Herbert F. Janssen - 1986 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 29 (4):535-538.
  15.  41
    Saving What We Love at Any Cost: The Rhetoric of Heroic Medicine as Diversion.Michael Gillespie - 2002 - Journal of Medical Humanities 23 (1):73-86.
    Discussion of the worldwide corporate development of biotechnologies is sometimes diverted through the introduction of images of heroic medical intervention, exemplified by the statement, I would do anything to save my daughter. Such heroic images seem to justify virtually any deployment of resources and nearly any health or environmental risk. But it is instructive for future public discussions to examine the use of such images, and to note that those advocating a prominent role for biotechnologies in an expanding global economy (...)
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  16.  42
    Philosophy of Advanced medical Imaging.Elisabetta Lalumera & Stefano Fanti - 2021 - Springer International.
    This is the first book to explore the epistemology and ethics of advanced imaging tests, in order to improve the critical understanding of the nature of knowledge they provide and the practical consequences of their utilization in healthcare. Advanced medical imaging tests, such as PET and MRI, have gained center stage in medical research and in patients’ care. They also increasingly raise questions that pertain to philosophy: What is required to be an expert in reading images? How are standards for (...)
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  17. Fanti, S., Oyen, W., & Lalumera, E. (2019). Consensus Procedures in Oncological Imaging: The Case of Prostate Cancer.Stefano Fanti, Wim Oyen & Elisabetta Lalumera - 2019 - Cancers 11:1178-1190.
    Recently, there has been increasing interest in methodological aspects of advanced imaging, including the role of guidelines, recommendations, and experts’ consensus, the practice of self-referral, and the risk of diagnostic procedure overuse. In a recent Delphi study of the European Association for Nuclear Medicine (EANM), panelists were asked to give their opinion on 47 scientific questions about imaging in prostate cancer. Nine additional questions exploring the experts’ attitudes and opinions relating to the procedure of consensus building itself were (...)
     
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  18.  18
    Edmund Russell. War and Nature: Fighting Humans and Insects with Chemicals from World War I to “Silent Spring.” xx + 315 pp., illus., index. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. $49.95 ; $19.95. [REVIEW]Michele Gerber - 2002 - Isis 93 (2):340-341.
    War and Nature is an important, cogent, and timely book about the double‐edged nature of technology. Edmund Russell, through meticulous research, establishes a key nexus between the increased use of chemicals in war and peace during several key decades of the twentieth century and the generalized backlash against technology and its unintended consequences that occurred beginning in the mid‐1960s. He clearly places pesticides, rodenticides, herbicides, and chemical warfare agents alongside atomic energy, electronics, massive water harnessing and diversion projects, and other (...)
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  19.  36
    Chair's perspective on the work of the advisory committee on human radiation experiments.Ruth R. Faden - 1996 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6 (3):215-221.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Chair’s Perspective on the Work of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation ExperimentsRuth Faden (bio)On January 15, 1994, President Clinton created the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments in response to his concern about the increasing number of reports describing alleged unethical conduct of the U.S. Government, and institutions funded by the government, in the use of, or exposure to, ionizing radiation in human beings at the height of (...)
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  20.  22
    Ethical Issues in Neuroscience Research.Walter Glannon - 2022 - In Tomas Zima & David N. Weisstub, Medical Research Ethics: Challenges in the 21st Century. Springer Verlag. pp. 133-149.
    We have only a limited understanding of how the brain enables thought and behavior and how it becomes dysfunctional in neuropsychiatric disorders. Research in cognitive psychology, psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery and nuclear medicine has been critical to our current understanding of the brain. Continued research is necessary to gain more knowledge of the etiology and pathophysiology of brain disorders and develop therapies to safely and effectively control and possibly prevent them. Yet mapping the brain through neuroimaging and intervening in (...)
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  21.  32
    From bioethics to biopolitics: “Playing the Nazi card” in public health ethics—the case of Israel.Hagai Boas, Nadav Davidovitch, Dani Filc & Rakefet Zalashik - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (6):540-548.
    While bioethicist Arthur Caplan claims that “The Nazi analogy is equivalent to dropping a nuclear bomb in ethical battles about science and medicine”, we claim that such total exclusion of this analogy is equally problematic. Our analysis builds on Roberto Esposito’s conceptualization of immunitas and communitas as key elements of biopolitics. Within public health theories and practices there is an inherent tension between exclusion (immunitas) and inclusion (communitas) forces. Taking the immunitas logic to the extreme, as National Socialist (...)
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  22.  3
    All you need is [somebody’s] love “third-party reproduction” and the existential density of biological affinity.Diogo Morais Sarmento Madureira - 2024 - Monash Bioethics Review 42 (2):234-259.
    What is the true significance of biological kinship? During the last decades, it seemed to be uncontroversial that abandoned and even adopted people feel the negative impact of biological parents’ absence throughout life in several ways (Miller et al. 2000; Keyes, Margaret A., Anu Sharma, Irene J Elkins, and William G. Iacono, Matt McGue. 2008. The Mental Health of US Adolescents Adopted in Infancy. Archive Pediatric Adolescense Medicine 162(5): 419–425.). However, in the case of people conceived via “third-party reproduction”, (...)
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  23.  20
    Radiation Risk in Cold War Mexico: Local and Global Networks.Ana Barahona - 2022 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 30 (2):245-270.
    After WWII, global concerns about the uses of nuclear energy and radiation sources in agriculture, medicine, and industry brought about calls for radiation protection. At the beginning of the 1960s radiation protection involved the identification and measurement of all sources of radiation to which a population was exposed, and the evaluation and assessment of populations in terms of the biological hazard their exposure posed. Mexico was not an exception to this international trend. This paper goes back to the (...)
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  24.  36
    ‚Biomedizin‘ in sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Beiträgen: Eine Begriffskarriere zwischen Analyse und Polemik.Walter Bruchhausen - 2010 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 18 (4):497-522.
    During its career in North American social sciences and anthropology since the late 1960s the concept of ‘biomedicine’ acquired a large variety of meanings, sometimes even contradictory ones. Originating in research on biological and medical phenomena in technical areas like nuclear weapons, space flight, informatics or engineering, the term ‘biomedical’ entered politics and the social sciences, especially medical anthropology. Here it could mean medical research methods derived from biology as opposed to behavioural research or social sciences in general, the (...)
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  25.  31
    Christianity and bioethics. Seeking arguments for stem cell research in Genesis.Leabu Mircea - 2012 - Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 11 (31):72-87.
    Many Christian scholars, if not all of them, consider Genesis to be foundational texts of the Bible and the spring for all the other doctrines of the Scripture. Therefore, I'm considering the attempt to search and find arguments for cell therapy ethical issues in the fundamental text of Genesis as a challenging and educative task. Moreover, this could be the first step in analyzing the relationships between Christian religions and bioethics, in terms of finding reasonable decisions for ethical challenges, raised (...)
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  26. On Medical Truth.Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh - 2011 - In Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer.
    Since the advent of the natural sciences, natural scientists have spread the idea that the pursuit of truth about the facts of the world is the main drive of scientific research. The aim, they say, is to acquire knowledge and to provide explanations and predictions of phenomena and events. Surprisingly, even in our contemporary world in which scientific research is strongly involved in seeking solutions to practical problems pertaining to the pursuit of food, water, energy, health, labor, peace, war, (...) weapons, money, and the like, the pursuit-of-truth postulate nevertheless enjoys vigorous advocacy, especially in philosophy. In this chapter, the role that truth actually plays in medicine will be examined. Our discussion of this issue divides into the following four sections: 24.1 Truth in Medical Sciences; 24.2 Truth in Clinical Practice; 24.3 Misdiagnoses; 24.4 Truth Made in Medicine. In summary, it is shown that medical knowledge does not contain much truth because it mainly consists of hypotheses, theories, and deontic rules. The truth values of the former are unknown, while theories and deontic rules do not assume truth values. Likewise, in clinical practice true diagnoses and prognoses are not always attainable because (i) medical knowledge is inevitably vague, uncertain, and unreliable and is therefore scarcely truth-conducive; (ii) this also applies to most parts of patient data; (iii) physicians are not trained in viable and efficient methodology of clinical reasoning; and (iv) neither clinical decision support systems nor the automation of clinical decision-making will be able to compensate for the first two shortcomings. So, misdiagnoses will remain inevitable forever, although their frequency may be reduced by improving the techniques of clinical judgment. Since medical theories are artifactual structures and medical languages are artifactual systems, the truth of diagnoses and prognoses, and of any other judgment based thereon is made in medicine. (shrink)
     
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  27.  58
    Instituting science: the cultural production of scientific disciplines.Timothy Lenoir - 1997 - Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
    Early practitioners of the social studies of science turned their attention away from questions of institutionalisation, which had tended to emphasize macrolevel explanations, and attended instead to microstudies of laboratory practice. The author is interested in re-investigating certain aspects of institution formation, notably the formation of scientific, medical, and engineering disciplines. He emphasises the manner in which science as cultural practice is imbricated with other forms of social, political, and even aesthetic practices. The author considers the following topics: the organic (...)
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  28.  37
    Assessing the Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Egg Donation: Implications for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research.Brooke Ellison & Jaymie Meliker - 2011 - American Journal of Bioethics 11 (9):22-30.
    Stem cell research has important implications for medicine. The source of stem cells influences their therapeutic potential, with stem cells derived from early-stage embryos remaining the most versatile. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a source of embryonic stem cells, allows for understandings about disease development and, more importantly, the ability to yield embryonic stem cell lines that are genetically matched to the somatic cell donor. However, SCNT requires women to donate eggs, which involves injection of ovulation-inducing hormones and (...)
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  29.  22
    The Science, Fiction, and Reality of Embryo Cloning.Jacques Cohen & Giles Tomkin - 1994 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 4 (3):193-203.
    Although many scientists view cloning as a useful procedure for scientific research into early embryo development—one that cannot currently be used to produce multiple copies of humans—the popular literature has led some individuals to view it as sinister. To address the concerns of the public, various conceptions of cloning are distinguished and their basis in fact analyzed. The possible uses, benefits, and detriments of both embryo splitting and nuclear transplantation are explained. Once the nature and purposes of cloning are (...)
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  30.  44
    What's in a name? Embryos, entities, and ANTities in the stem cell debate.K. Devolder - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (1):43-48.
    This paper discusses two proposals to the US President’s Council on Bioethics that try to overcome the issue of killing embryos in embryonic stem cell research and argues that neither of them can hold good as a compromise solution. The author argues that the groups of people for which the compromises are intended neither need nor want the two compromises, the US government and other governments of countries with restrictive regulation on ES cell research have not provided a clear and (...)
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  31.  15
    It’s a Boy.Elizabeth Armstrong - 2017 - Voices in Bioethics 3.
    On September 27, 2016 people across the world looked down at their buzzing phones to see the AP Alert: “Baby born with DNA from 3 people, first from new technique.” It was an announcement met with confusion by many, but one that polarized the scientific community almost instantly. Some celebrated the birth as an advancement that could help women with a family history of mitochondrial diseases prevent the transmission of the disease to future generations; others held it unethical, citing medical (...)
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  32.  26
    Geohumanities and Health.Sarah Atkinson & Rachel Hunt (eds.) - 2019 - Springer Verlag.
    This volume brings together research in the GeoHumanities from various intellectual perspectives to illustrate the benefits of humanities-inspired approaches in understanding and confronting historically entrenched and recently emergent health-related challenges. In three main sections, this volume seeks to foreground the richness of work entangling medicine and health with the concerns of geography and of the Humanities. This volume will be of interest to academics and researchers in the Geographies of health and medicine, social sciences in GeoHumanities, and health (...)
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  33.  25
    Chemists without Borders.Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent - 2018 - Isis 109 (3):597-607.
    While chemists today work in a variety of professional domains—ranging from medicine and pharmaceutical companies to nuclear technology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology—students are taught chemistry as if it were a unified discipline with a specific territory and a common language shared by all chemists. The chemists’ imaginary is shaped around the image of a diaspora: a scattered population of former inhabitants of a homeland immersed in foreign countries and yet retaining their cultural identity. This essay suggests an alternative perspective (...)
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  34.  13
    Health Physics (보건 물리학) in South Korea: Building a Research Community in a Post-Colonial Society, 1959–early 1970s.John P. DiMoia - 2022 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 30 (2):223-244.
    This paper traces the diverse contexts of radiation protection from liberation in post-1945 South Korea to its professionalization by the early 1970s, using the emerging field of health physics as the focus. The Korean nuclear center, AERI, started two affiliates, RRIA and RRIM in the early 1960s. In particular, RRIM emphasized the use of radiation within cancer research, especially the use of cobalt in treating patients. In this context, health physics initially took the form of “radiation medicine.”With the (...)
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  35. Epistemological History: the Legacy of Bachelard and Canguilhem.Mary Tiles - 1987 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21:141-156.
    Fifteen to twenty years ago one might have been forgiven for thinking that both the philosophy and history of science constituted specialized academic backwaters, far removed from debates in the forefront of either philosophic or public attention. But times have changed; science and technology have in many ways and in many guises become central foci of public debate, whether through concern over nuclear safety, the massive price to be paid for continued research in areas such as high energy physics, (...)
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  36.  14
    La filosofía epicúrea como psicoterapia integral.Ignacio Marcio Cid & Isabel Mendez Lloret - 2017 - Dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona
    This doctoral dissertation deals with the psychotherapeutic factor that permeates the whole Epicurean philosophical program. It is the aim of this study to research and to rehabilitate its healing function. Since the Garden’s philosophy is a very systematic one, the question about the natural reality, φύσις, had to be addressed firstly. Anti-nihilism, materialism, eternal atoms, infinite void, perpetual movement, clinamen and the plurality worlds are key notions of the axiomatic and scientific Epicurus’ physics. Once we had gained clarity about those (...)
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  37.  21
    La psicoterapia filosófica de Epicuro.Ignacio Marcio Cid - 2020 - Berlin: Peter Lang.
    This book deals with the psychotherapeutic factor that permeates the whole Epicurean philosophical program. It is the aim of this study to research and to rehabilitate its healing function. Since the Garden’s philosophy is a very systematic one, the question about the natural reality, φύσις, had to be addressed firstly. Anti-nihilism, materialism, eternal atoms, infinite void, perpetual movement, clinamen and the plurality worlds are key notions of the axiomatic and scientific Epicurus’ physics. Once we had gained clarity about those core (...)
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  38.  52
    Federal Legal Preparedness Tools for Facilitating Medical Countermeasure Use during Public Health Emergencies.Brooke Courtney, Susan Sherman & Matthew Penn - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (s1):22-27.
    Law can greatly facilitate responses to public health emergencies, including naturally-occurring infectious disease outbreaks and intentional or accidental exposures to chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agents. At the federal level, the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, as the lead for federal public health and medical responses to public health emergencies and incidents, has a range of authorities to support federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial responses. For example, under the Public Health Service Act, the Secretary (...)
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  39.  50
    Vitamin D discovery outpaces FDA decision making.Trevor G. Marshall - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (2):173-182.
    The US FDA currently encourages the addition of vitamin D to milk and cereals, with the aim of reducing rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. However, vitamin D not only regulates the expression of genes associated with calcium homeostasis, but also genes associated with cancers, autoimmune disease, and infection. It does this by controlling the activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a type 1 nuclear receptor and DNA transcription factor. Molecular biology is rapidly coming to an understanding (...)
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  40.  91
    Future Directions for Human Cloning by Embryo Splitting: After the Hullabaloo.Cynthia B. Cohen - 1994 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 4 (3):187-192.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Future Directions for Human Cloning by Embryo Splitting:After the HullabalooCynthia B. Cohen (bio)In October 1993, a paper entitled, "Experimental Cloning of Human Polyploid Embryos Using an Artificial Zona Pellucida," was presented at a joint meeting of the American Fertility Society and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Although it was awarded a prize, its authors, who are affiliated with George Washington University, decided against calling a press conference to (...)
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  41.  37
    Analyzing the Role of Values and Ideals in the Development of Energy Systems: How Values, Their Idealizations, and Technologies Shape Political Decision-Making.Joost Alleblas - 2024 - Science and Engineering Ethics 30 (2):1-21.
    This study examines an important aspect of energy history and policy: the intertwinement of energy technologies with ideals. Ideals play an important role in energy visions and innovation pathways. Aspirations to realize technical, social, and political ideals indicate a long-term commitment in the design of energy systems, distinguishable from commitment to other abstract goals, such as values. This study offers an analytical scheme that could help to conceptualize these differences and their impact on energy policy. In the proposed model, two (...)
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  42.  39
    Programm FAKE: Monte Carlo Eventgeneratoren als Werkzeug der Theorie in der frühen Hochenergiephysik.Arianna Borrelli - 2019 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 27 (4):479-514.
    The term Monte Carlo method indicates any computer-aided procedure for numerical estimation that combines mathematical calculations with randomly generated numerical input values. Today it is an important tool in high energy physics while physicists and philosophers also often consider it a sort of virtual experiment. The Monte Carlo method was developed in the 1940s, in the context of U.S. American nuclear weapons research, an event often regarded as the origin of both computer simulation and “artificial reality” (Galison 1997). The (...)
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  43.  17
    ‘De overlevenden zullen de doden benijden’1: Medische verantwoordelijkheid ten aanzien van een nucleaire apocalyps, 1960-1989. [REVIEW]Tom Duurland - 2019 - Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 111 (4):567-583.
    ‘The living will envy the dead’: Medical responsibility in the face of a nuclear apocalypse, 1960-1989 During the 1980s, the heightening of tensions between nato and the Eastern Bloc motivated thousands of physicians to voice concerns about the medical consequences of a nuclear war. It seemed certain that such a conflict, extending to the major civilian centers and industrial areas of the protagonists, would see millions of casualties engulfing the health care systems. These gloomy predictions were coupled with (...)
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  44.  16
    The Gender of Science.Janet A. Kourany (ed.) - 2002 - Prentice-Hall.
    Table of Contents I. WHO ARE THE SCIENTISTS? Historically. Women in the Origins of Modern Science, Londa Schiebinger. Women of Third World Descent in the Sciences, Sandra Harding. Recently. Women in Science: Half In Half Out, Vivian Gornick.”How Can a Little Girl Like You Teach a Great Big Class of Men?’ the Chairman Said, and Other Adventures of a Woman in Science, Naomi Weisstein. The Anomaly of a Woman in Physics, Evelyn Fox Keller. Currently. Women Join the Ranks of Science (...)
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  45. How Universities Can Best Respond to the Climate Crisis and Other Global Problems.Nicholas Maxwell - 2021 - Philosophies 1 (1):1.
    The world is in a state of crisis. Global problems that threaten our future include: the climate crisis; the destruction of natural habitats, catastrophic loss of wild life, and mass extinction of species; lethal modern war; the spread of modern armaments; the menace of nuclear weapons; pollution of earth, sea and air; rapid rise in the human population; increasing antibiotic resistance; the degradation of democratic politics, brought about in part by the internet. It is not just that universities around (...)
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  46. Adriano Buzzati-Traverso and the foundation of the International Laboratory of Genetics and Biophysics in Naples.Mauro Capocci & Gilberto Corbellini - 2002 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 33 (3):489-513.
    Despite a long tradition of research in applied genetics, particularly in agricultural research, in Italy the transition to the new knowledges and techniques of molecular biology was long and difficult. Political and financial constraints made academic institutions very slow to grasp the importance of molecular approaches to biology and medicine. In fact, the main studies concerning problems of molecular biology took place inside non-academic institutions. We reconstruct the complex paths leading to the birth of the International Laboratory of Genetics (...)
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  47.  60
    Some initial reflections on NBAC.Eric Mark Meslin & Harold T. Shapiro - 2002 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12 (1):95-102.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12.1 (2002) 95-102 [Access article in PDF] Bioethics Inside the Beltway Some Initial Reflections on NBAC Eric M. Meslin and Harold T. Shapiro On 3 October 2001, Executive Order 12975 expired, and with it so too did the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). Established by President Bill Clinton in 1995, NBAC was the fifth national committee since 1974 created to advise the U.S. government (...)
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  48.  73
    Bioethics and cloning, part I.Susan Cartier Poland & Laura Jane Bishop - 2002 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12 (3):305-323.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 12.3 (2002) 305-323 [Access article in PDF] Scope Note 41 Bioethics and Cloning, Part I Susan Cartier Poland and Laura Jane Bishop This is Part One of a two part Scope Note on Bioethics and Cloning. Part Two will be published in the December 2002 issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal and as a separate reprint. Contents For Parts 1 And 2 (...)
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  49.  40
    Gegen Kernkraftwerke kämpfen Windenergie, Basisbewegung und Technologien des Protests in Spanien, 1976–1984.Jaume Valentines-Álvarez - 2022 - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 30 (3):311-344.
    In 1975, the death of dictator Francisco Franco opened the door to a turbulent period known as the “Spanish Transition.” In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, national politics, political violence and social demands were interwoven with international shifts in science and technology and global debates on “energy transitions.” In close dialogue with foreign environmental groups, the anti-nuclear movement in Spain deployed a large repertoire of collective action; it ranged from pleasant activities to violent direct actions against (...) technologies, but also included the making of technological alternatives. Counter-culture activists and counter-experts opposed nuclear energy and promoted renewable energy as two sides of the same coin. This paper explores the pioneering (and networked) initiatives of an anarchist-oriented group called Self-Managed Radical Alternative Technologies, created in 1976, and a group of young engineers who founded the cooperative Ecotècnia, which was behind the construction of the first commercial wind turbine in Catalonia in 1984. The paper focuses on the transnational circulation of grassroots knowledge, the epistemics of resistance, and the development of wind energy technologies as “technologies of protest.” Technologies of protest illuminate how the social construction of technology is intertwined with what I call the “social destruction of technology.”. (shrink)
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    Adam's fibroblast? The (pluri)potential of iPCs.S. Chan & J. Harris - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (2):64-66.
    Two groups of scientists have just announced what is being described as a leap forward in human stem cell research.1–3 Both have found ways of producing what are being called “induced pluripotent cells” , stem cells that they hope will demonstrate the same key properties of regeneration and unrestricted differentiation that human embryonic stem cells possess, but which are derived from skin cells not from embryos. In simple terms, these scientists have succeeded in reprogramming skin cells to behave like hESCs.Stem (...)
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