This review presents a state of the art in artificial intelligence applied to urban planning and particularly to land-use predictions. In this review, different articles after the year 2016 are analyzed mostly focusing on those that are not mentioned in earlier publications. Most of the articles analyzed used a combination of Markov chains and cellular automata to predict the growth of urban areas and metropolitan regions. We noticed that most of these simulations were applied in various areas of China. An (...) analysis of the publication of articles in the area over time is included. (shrink)

An important topic in evolutionary art is the development of systems that can mimic the aesthetics decisions made by human begins, e.g., fitness evaluations made by humans using interactive evolution in generative art. This paper focuses on the analysis of several datasets used for aesthetic prediction based on ratings from photography websites and psychological experiments. Since these datasets present problems, we proposed a new dataset that is a subset of DPChallenge.com. Subsequently, three different evaluation methods were considered, one derived from (...) the ratings available at DPChallenge.com and two obtained under experimental conditions related to the aesthetics and quality of images. We observed different criteria in the DPChallenge.com ratings, which had more to do with the photographic quality than with the aesthetic value. Finally, we explored learning systems other than state-of-the-art ones, in order to predict these three values. The obtained results were similar to those using state-of-the-art procedures. (shrink)

Engagement of integrins and other adhesion receptors can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase present in focal adhesions. Furthermore, in addition to adhesion receptors, a surprising variety of stimuli, acting either on specific surface receptors or on intracellular molecules, such as PKC or Rho, can induce also tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. I suggest that a potential mechanism by which such distinct factors may modulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK is the promotion of integrin or other (...) adhesion receptor clustering at focal adhesions. BioEssays 21:1069–1075, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

Proponemos que ciertos “detalles” (la catálisis, según Barthes) revelan la presencia del poder disciplinario en la esfera del relato moderno. Iniciamos el análisis a partir de algunas unidades descriptivas del Purén Indómito, a las que consideramos antecedentes directos de esa revelación, y concluimos con la novela Martín Rivas y el cuento El matadero. El texto colonial da cuenta detallada de la vida cotidiana en el reino de Chile, cuenta que expresa las estrategias del poder de soberanía, mientras que en los (...) relatos modernos relevará la presencia del poder disciplinario. Así, la presencia de detalles dramáticos en el Purén obedece a lograr la intervención jurídica-moral del monarca en el reino. En cambio, a partir del realismo esos detalles muestran el actuar de los cuerpos a someter y disciplinar, tal y como ocurre en Martín Rivas y El matadero. La estrategia narrativa será entonces sacar a la luz los detalles de las costumbres retrógradas, bárbaras, sucias, de la sociedad latinoamericana para disciplinarlas, limpiarlas y conseguir, así, naciones modernas y productivas. Our proposition is that certain “details” (catalysis, according to Barthes) reveal the presence of disciplinary power in the sphere of modern fiction. Our analysis starts with some of the descriptive units of Purén Indómito, which we consider to be a direct precedent for this revelation, and we conclude with the novella, Martín Rivas, and the short story, El matadero. The text dating from the colonial period gives a detailed account of daily life in the kingdom of Chile, describing the strategies of the sovereign power, while the modern stories highlight the presence of disciplinary power. Thus, the purpose of the dramatic details recounted in Purén is to ensure the legal-moral intervention of the monarch in the kingdom. In realist works, on the other hand, these details show the actions of organisations to subject and discipline the people, just as it occurs in Martín Rivas and El matadero. In this case, the narrative strategy is to exhibit the details of the foul, barbarous, reactionary customs of Latin American societies in order to discipline and purify them, and thus transform them into modern, productive nations. (shrink)

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the presence and current situation of the game of skittles throughout the northern route of the Camino de Santiago. Thus, we considered its current practice, modalities, where it is played, and its different manifestations as an informal and formal game, comparing it with other traditional games on this pilgrimage route. To do this, a mixed qualitative-quantitative study was designed with 89 participants, constituting an informant for each municipality through which the Northern (...) Way passes. An ad hoc questionnaire was used for the data collection, which was processed through content analysis by expert judges and by using the IBM-SPSS statistical package. The results of the study show notable skittles activity on the Northern Camino, reflected in the number of skittles alleys, the number of clubs, associations, and peñas participating in federated leagues, and the wide range of varieties of skittles currently active on the Camino. The relationship between skittles and local culture, both symbols of identity in these northern Spanish regions, made it possible to preserve the traditional heritage in these places, keeping it alive today, despite the push toward new and more attractive leisure and sport trends. (shrink)

“Discursos subversivos en el cine no hablado” se propone analizar las transgresiones de género que aparecen en algunas películas del cine mudo. Por sus características al tratarse de un cine no hablado, lo que sugieren algunas imágenes es fundamental para entender los significados de las películas. Las directoras de aquella época eran conocedoras de la importancia de las imágenes y del poder que les confería la cámara para expresar sus reivindicaciones al público espectador. El campo de la cinematografía era nuevo, (...) pero tenía género y las directoras sabían que sus películas eran el vehículo para dar a conocer su articulación como feministas. Le matelas alcoolique, La souriante Mme. Beudet y Dora Films of America Shorts son ejemplos de este privilegio puesto que, aunque las películas de esta muestra pertenezcan a dos etapas del cine mudo y de que sus propósitos fueran diferentes, las directoras y las películas seleccionadas son ejemplos merecedores de una revisión con perspectiva de género. (shrink)

The objective of this study is to analyze the role that peer support plays in the incidence relationships between sociometric popularity and general self-concept based on sociometer theory. A total of 676 randomly selected secondary school students from the Basque Country between 12 and 18 years of age participated voluntarily. All of them completed a sociometric questionnaire, the Family and Friends Support Questionnaire, and the Dimensional Self-concept Questionnaire. Several models of structural equations were tested. The results indicate that sociometric popularity (...) is linked to self-concept through the perceived social support of peers. These results are discussed within the framework of positive psychology and its practical implications in the school context. (shrink)

Se realizó un estudio cuali-cuantitativo en la Comunidad Rural "El León" de la provincia de Camagüey. Se utilizó el método etnográfico y la evaluación del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en el periodo 2007-2015 con el objetivo de describir las características socio históricas y de salud de esta población, conjuntamente con profesionales de enfermería comunitaria. Se crearon instrumentos validados por expertos. Se aplicaron grupos focales, observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave, socioculturales, estructuradas abiertas y la cerrada para (...) combinarla con los resultados del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en el proceder cuantitativo. Se triangularon sus resultados. Se evidenció: falta de sentido de pertenencia de los pobladores, indisciplinas sociales que perjudican la comunidad y su salud, deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales, sistema eco cultural deficiente, y se identificó la necesidad de emprender otras acciones comunitarias que provoquen el cambio y modifiquen el cuadro de salud comunitaria. The quantitative and qualitative in the Community Rural accomplished a study itself "The Lion" of Camagüey's province. The 2007-2015 for the sake of describing the characteristics utilized the ethnographic method and the evaluation of Health's Analysis of the Situation in the period itself member historic and of health of this population together with nursing professionals, communal. They created instruments validated by experts. They applied focal groups, participating observation, you interview key, socio cultural to informants in depth, structured open and the closed to combine it with the results of Health's Analysis of the Situation in the quantitative action. They triangulated his results. It became evident: The inhabitants's pointlessness of possession, social indiscipline that the community and his health, deterioration of personal relations, system harm cultural deficient echo, and the need to undertake another communal actions was identified that they provoke the change and modify the picture of communal health. (shrink)

Daniel Samoilovich. Estéticas del error. Apuntes sobre arte y poesía. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2024, 315 páginas. Tiago Martins, Nereida Rodríguez-Fernández y Sérgio M. Rebelo (eds.). Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design. Cham: Springer, 2022, 416 páginas.

Se realizó una intervención comunitaria en el asentamiento rural "El León" de Camagüey basada en los resultados de un estudio anterior. Su objetivo fue implementar un sistema de acciones socio-sanitarias colectadas en un manual que organizó contenidos de antropología socio cultural, psicología y sociología de la salud, fue conducida por profesionales de enfermería cuyo encargo social les asigna una mayor permanencia e intercambio con los pobladores. Se potenció el trabajo comunitario a partir de febrero de 2010. La investigación constituyó un (...) diseño mixto, con un estudio cuasi experimental sin grupo control combinado con métodos cualitativos. La evaluación final efectuada en el periodo 2013-2015 exhibió modificaciones positivas en indicadores del Análisis de la Situación de Salud y el entorno comunitario. Se demostró la importancia de la aplicación de las acciones comunitarias por el personal de enfermería como agente de cambio de desarrollo local y protagonista de sostenibilidad. A community intervention was carried out at the rural settlement "El León". Its objective was to implement a system of actions led by nursing professionals whose social role assigns them longer permanence and interchange with the inhabitants of the community. Community work was fostered from February 2010 with social and sanitary actions based on socio-cultural anthropology, psychology and health sociology knowledge. The investigation had a mixed design, being a quasi-experimental study without control group combined with qualitative methods. The final evaluation, which took place from 2013-2015, showed positive modifications in Health Analysis indicators and community environment. The importance of the application of community actions by nursing personnel as agents of change for local development and sustainability leaders was demonstrated. (shrink)

Induced abortion is a worldwide practice and its legalisation is a persistent demand of the women’s movement. Although in the academic literature there are numerous studies that address the study of fertility, nowhere near as much attention has been given to the analysis of induced abortion and its determining factors, and even less to the consideration of gender equality as a variable through which to understand it. This article focuses on the influence of gender equality on the rate of induced (...) abortion in different European countries. To that end the authors have constructed an econometric panel data model with information from 26 European countries for the period 2006–2011. They have analysed comparative indicators of the gender gap in terms of education, employment and wages. In addition, they have taken into account sociodemographic covariables such as the average age of motherhood, the migration rate and the percentage of births to unmarried mothers in each country. Also, as contextual factors the authors used the Human Development Index and an indicator of the legislation on abortion in the countries studied, as well as the percentage of the population who identify as having religious beliefs. The results show that the induced abortion rate is conditioned not only by national legislation on abortion, but also by gender equalities, specifically that as gender inequality decreases, so too does the frequency of induced abortions. These findings have clear political implications, showing as they do how improvements in the status of women, particularly with respect to their social and economic rights, impact on women’s reproductive decisions. (shrink)

Study on the creation of the Council of South American Defense in 2008 within the framework of the Union of South American Nations as an organization for cooperation in defense matters in the region. The paper addresses issues such as the membership of twelve states, the prominent role of Brazil in the creation of the Council, which sought to consolidate its regional leadership, the positive reception by the United States, its functioning, its main implemented actions - military cooperation, humanitarian actions, (...) peace operations, technology development, training -. The text ends with the crisis that led to the suspension of its activities, less than ten years after its creation. (shrink)

El proceso de atención de enfermería es la aplicación del método científico en la práctica asistencial de la disciplina, de modo que se pueda ofrecer cuidados sistematizados, lógicos y racionales. El artículo que presentamos tiene como objetivo describir un sistema de acciones y operaciones para desarrollar la habilidad diagnosticar en el proceso de atención de enfermería y ser aplicado en la docencia de manera que contribuya en la calidad del egresado. A partir del análisis del perfil profesional y del grado (...) de desarrollo científico-técnico alcanzado y su relación con la identificación de los problemas que constituyen la base del plan de cuidados en el proceso de atención de enfermería se estructuran las acciones y operaciones con una secuencia lógica para llegar al diagnóstico. The process of nursing primary health care is the application of the scientific method in the assistencial practice of this discipline in such a way that it can offer systematic, logical and rational care. The present article has the objective to describe a system of actions and procedures to develop the ability of diagnosing in the process of nursery primary health care and be applied in teaching to favour the increasement of the egressed quality. Actions and procedures have been structured with a logical secuence to reach the diagnosing, starting with the analysis of the professional profile, the level of scientific and technical development reached and its relation with the identification of problems that constitute the base of the patient plan of care in the process of nursery primary health care. (shrink)

Asia, America, and Europe have been intellectually intertwined for centuries. Several studies have been published revealing European scholars’ interest in the “exotic” languages of Asia and America, as well as in ethnographic and anthropological aspects. Some scholars such as Polymath Leibniz (1646–1716), were interested in these languages in an attempt to construct a universal language, while others tried to establish language families, like the Jesuit Hervás y Panduro (1735–1809). However, all acknowledge the importance of language and the circulation of knowledge. (...) This paper analyzes the dissemination of the compilation of eighteenth‐century multilingual lexical compilations for comparative purposes as an early globalized project. These compilations were designed by European scholars and subsequently elaborated in different languages by missionaries, explorers, and scientists in the Philippines and America. Taking the correspondence and relations between botanist Mutis (1732–1808) and bureaucrats, European scientists such as polymath Humboldt (1769–1859) and Botanist Linnaeus (1707–1778) among others, and navy officers of the scientific exploration commanded by Malaspina (1754–1809) and Bustamante y Guerra (1759–1825) into consideration, I will analyze how simultaneous projects followed a unified aim, and illustrate their substantial contribution to the study of language in the late eighteenth century. (shrink)

El presente monográfico de Recerca titulado «Los nuevos discursos del management: contribuciones desde una perspectiva crítica», se compone de siete artículos de investigación y dos recensiones. A través de los diferentes escritos se pretende realizar un recorrido por el estado actual de los discursos del management y sus repercusiones no solo en el mundo del trabajo, sino en el grueso de la sociedad desde una perspectiva crítica. Así pues, a lo largo de las siguientes páginas el/la lector/a podrá transitar por (...) los diferentes discursos que hoy en día caracterizan el espacio social. Nos referimos a marcos generales de sentido como el individualismo y la descolectivización de lo social, pero también a cuestiones más concretas como el emprendimiento y la precariedad; todos ellos componentes que conforman el escenario al que nos estamos remitiendo en todo momento, esto es, el del discurso neoliberal o el «nuevo espíritu del capitalismo» (Boltanski y Chiapello, 2002). (shrink)

La diversidad cultural en la sociedad y en las aulas es una realidad patente que hay que tener en cuenta y no obviar. La investigación en el campo de las actitudes desarrolladas por parte de los agentes educativos se hace inexorablemente pertinente y necesaria para la construcción de una sociedad futura libre de conflictos innecesarios. En este estudio se han analizado las actitudes familiares mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, obteniendo el perfil sobre pensamiento en torno (...) a la diversidad cultural de progenitores e hijos. El grado de concordancia de dichas actitudes queda reflejado en el análisis de los resultados, apreciando desconocimiento de grupos culturalmente diversos, ventajas de enriquecimiento personal, convicción sobre la necesidad de integrar tanto a los estudiantes como a sus familias, preparación del profesorado y fomento de unas relaciones óptimas entre alumnos, docentes y familias. No obstante, existen divergencias en la función de la escuela con relación a las conductas, creencias, tradiciones y dificultades, y a la formación de los docentes para superarlas y para el tratamiento de la diversidad. (shrink)

Este artículo ofrece una breve historia del trabajo realizado por las directoras de cine de los Países Bajos desde los años veinte del pasado siglo hasta la actualidad con el fin de lograr dos objetivos. En primer lugar, se trata de probar que, pese a la escasa presencia de directoras holandesas en las historias sobre cine holandés, su número es muy elevado, especialmente si consideramos que la industria cinematográfica de su país es relativamente pequeña. En segundo lugar, se busca demostrar (...) que muchos de los mitos que se han asumido como ciertos sobre el cine holandés, como su incapacidad para hacer ficción o para abordar problemas socio-políticos importantes, se desmontan una vez que se tiene en consideración el trabajo de las cineastas holandesas. Su labor es ciertamente cuantitativamente superior en el terreno del cine documental, pero no por ello han dejado a un lado el largometraje de ficción. En ambos campos, de todos modos, han explorado temas complejos, controvertidos y relevantes para la sociedad, además de abrir numerosas vías temáticas a las que el cine hecho por directores no había prestado atención alguna. Entre los primeros temas destacan los asuntos relacionados con las nuevas identidades nacionales surgidas de los contextos multiculturales; entre los segundos, cuestiones tradicionalmente abordadas desde el feminismo, como son el aborto, la violación o el sometimiento de las mujeres en el seno de las sociedades patriarcales, entre otros. (shrink)

This essay is a reflection on the transformations in our way of life the city in the last century, some changes in the transition from an industrial society to a society telematics have altered our ways of living and working, and being. The urban spaces are being built at present following a different logic from that which prevailed in the past. This produces new ways to control and segregation, leads to difficulties in the composition of one's own identity and intolerance;, (...) on balance, requires us unprecedented flexibility in the history that goes difficult the development of community sense. (shrink)

El presente artículo es una reflexión profunda sobre los principales fundamentos del Derecho penal. En concreto, se ocupa de esclarecer los criterios de verdad sobre los que se apoyan las decisiones de los jueces. Ello supone cuestionar las bases filosóficas y científicas más rígidas del mundo jurídico, que postulan su carácter objetivo, y exponerlas a la crítica sociológica y política.The present article is a deep reflection on the principal foundations of the Criminal law. Specially, it is busy with clarifying the (...) criteria of truth on those who rest the decisions of the judges. It supposes questioning the most rigid philosophical and scientific bases of the juridical world, which postulate his objective character, and exposing them to the sociological and political critique. (shrink)

El principal objetivo de este estudio es acercar la literatura al alumnado universitario a través de la pintura de manera didáctica, interdisciplinar e innovadora. En este sentido, explicar un texto literario mediante una representación pictórica resulta en un lenguaje artístico que se considera parte de los estudios comparativos, proporcionando una visión amplia tanto de la literatura como de la pintura, al abordar el texto de manera rigurosa, deteniéndonos en aquellos aspectos de relevancia que conectan la práctica literaria con la pictórica.

Nursing staff plays a key role in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, being in the front line of care. This study sought to synthesise the qualitative literature on care experiences of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted on five databases in January 2021. Fifteen qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the research, being submitted to interpretive meta-synthesis according to the eMERGe guide. The final synthesis included a line of argument (...) that shows the experiences of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, divided into three major themes: ‘Instability on the edge of a cliff: unpredictable and unknown context,’ ‘The price of walking the tightrope: the uncertainty surrounding care,’ and ‘Finding the balance to reach the other side: dealing with the emotional demands of care.’ Although essential in the health response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses experienced an emotional impact arising from the hampered care provision. Our results point to need for strengthening the training of nurses and future nurses, creating and promoting measures that contribute to their psycho-emotional well-being, ensuring a safe environment for their clinical practice, and promoting their participation in decision-making processes. (shrink)

In order to create a post-neoliberal society we need to change the way we look at the world. This article begins by considering the lesson learned in the case of “Mont Pèlerin,” where ideas that th...