This book's importance is derived from three sources: careful conceptualization of teacher induction from historical, methodological, and international perspectives; systematic reviews of research literature relevant to various aspects of teacher induction including its social, cultural, and political contexts, program components and forms, and the range of its effects; substantial empirical studies on the important issues of teacher induction with different kinds of methodologies that exemplify future directions and approaches to the research in teacher induction.

Nancy Fraser’s powerful new book documents the “movements of feminism” and the shifts in the feminist imaginary since the 1970s. Fraser follows the history of feminism from the ferment of the New Left, during which “Second Wave” feminism emerged as a struggle for women’s liberation alongside other social movements, to its emersion in identity politics following the decline of its initial utopian energies. Alongside this detailed history, Fraser recognizes the need for a reinvigorated feminist radicalism to respond to the (...) crisis in neoliberalism. She argues for a feminism that could join other egalitarian movements in struggles aimed at subjecting capitalism to democratic control, while retrieving the core utopian insights of feminism’s earlier phases. (shrink)

In this article, I discuss and demonstrate how research into real‐world scientific problem‐solving provides a novel window on the mind and insight into the human capacity to design and utilize resource rich environments at the highly creative end of the cognitive spectrum.

A deeply informed exploration of what Stoic ideas have to offer us today Stoicism is the ideal philosophy of life for those seeking calm in times of stress and uncertainty. For many, it has become the new Zen, with meditation techniques that help us face whatever life throws our way. Indeed, the Stoics address a key question of our time: how can we be masters of our fate when the outside world threatens to unmoor our well-being? In Stoic Wisdom, Georgetown (...) philosophy professor Nancy Sherman, an expert in ancient and modern ethics, shows what a practical modern Stoicism really looks like. Drawing on the wisdom of Stoic thinkers Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca and others, Sherman paints a portrait that uncovers the true subtlety and power of Stoic ideas. That portrait reveals a truth often ignored: that the Stoics never thought self-sufficiency was only about rugged self-reliance and mental discipline. We are at home in the world, they taught, when we are connected to each other in cooperative efforts. While mastery of one's self is essential, we also must draw on our deepest relationships for true strength and resilience. Bringing these ancient ideas to bear on 21st century environments-from Silicon Valley to first responders in a pandemic, to soldiers on the battlefield-Sherman shows how Stoicism can both prepare us for an uncertain future and help us cope with traumatic events. Stoic Wisdom will appeal to anyone feeling helpless or looking for deeper, meaningful strength and goodness in addressing life's biggest and smallest challenges. (shrink)

How fixed are the happenings in Nature and how are they fixed? One - very orthodox - account teaches that the sciences offer general truths that we combine with local facts to derive our expectations about what will happen, either naturally or when we build a device to design, be it a laser, a washing machine, an anti-malarial bed net, or an auction for the airwavse. Nancy Cartwright offers a different picture, one in which neither we nor Nature have (...) such nice rules to go by. This volume includes her Paul Carus Lectures plus four additional papers that further develop some of the central ideas. Cartwright offers an original view on the age-old question of scientific realism in which our knowledge is genuine, yet our scientific principles are neither true nor false but are, rather, templates for building good models. (shrink)

Scientific thinking is one of the most creative expressions of human cognition. This paper discusses my research contributions to the cognitive science of science. I have advanced the position that data on the cognitive practices of scientists drawn from extensive research into archival records of historical science or collected in extended ethnographic studies of contemporary science can provide valuable insight into the nature of scientific cognition and its relation to cognition in ordinary contexts. I focus on contributions of my research (...) on analogy, model-based reasoning, and conceptual change and on how scientists enhance their natural cognitive capacities by creating modeling environments that integrate cognitive, social, material, and cultural resources. I provide an outline of my trajectory from a physicist to a philosopher of science to a hybrid cognitive scientist in my quest to understand the nature of scientific thinking. (shrink)

This Commentary critiques Paul Showler’s combination view of robot moral status, which combines sophisticated cognitive capacities like consciousness with highly valued machine-human relationships. Showler holds that a combined approach carries the advantage of more fully accounting for ordinary folk psychology views about of what it means to have moral standing and be a person. This commentary paper is largely sympathetic to Showler, but argues for a stronger view: being a person is a cluster concept that can include a combination of (...) different possible sufficient conditions, none of which is necessary. What must be constrained, then, is the strong claim that a quality is necessary for personhood. Since most approaches that appeal to sophisticated cognitive capacities make the strong claim, they require constraint. Since most approaches that appeal to highly valued relationships, do not make the stronger claim, they generally do not require constraint. (shrink)

There is a takeover movement fast gaining influence in development economics, a movement that demands that predictions about development outcomes be based on randomized controlled trials. The problem it takes up—of using evidence of efficacy from good studies to predict whether a policy will be effective if we implement it—is a general one, and affects us all. My discussion is the result of a long struggle to develop the right concepts to deal with the problem of warranting effectiveness predictions. Whether (...) I have it right or not, these are questions of vast social importance that philosophers of science can, and should, help answer. (shrink)

We appreciate the helpful commentaries on our paper, ‘AI and the falling sky: interrogating X-Risk’.1 We agree with many points commentators raise, which opened our eyes to concerns we had not previously considered. This reply focuses on the tension many commentators noted between AI’s existential risks (X-Risks) and justice here and now. In ‘Existential risk and the justice turn in bioethics’, Corsico frames the tension between AI X-Risk and justice here and now as part of a larger shift within bioethics.2 (...) They think the field is increasingly turning away from ‘big picture’ questions new technologies raise and focusing on narrower justice concerns of less significance. They compare our paper’s emphasis on justly transitioning to more AI-centred societies with the approach of environmentalists fretting about human protection against climate change while losing sight of the need to protect the planet and all living things. Corsico doubts there is much point to pressing for ‘justice on a dead planet’, so too Corsico questions our concern with just transitions. Presumably, that matters little if intelligent life on Earth is destroyed. Corsico’s recommends bioethicists return to big questions, like: ‘Should we develop AI at all, given AI X-Risk?’. Yet this question is increasingly moot. The genie is already out of the bottle. The Future of Life Institute’s 2023 call for a temporary pause on training AI systems more powerful than ChatGPT fell on deaf ears, in part because freely accessible source codes enable anyone to train systems and create AI applications.3 The focus now must be managing the genie. While we take AI X-Risk seriously, …. (shrink)

<I>Conducting Hermeneutic Research: From Philosophy to Practice is the only textbook that teaches the reader ways to conduct research from a philosophical hermeneutic perspective. It is an invaluable resource for graduate students about to embark in hermeneutic research and for academics or other researchers who are novice to this research method or who wish to extend their knowledge. In 2009, the lead author of this proposed text was one of three co-founders of the Canadian Hermeneutic Institute. The institute was created (...) as a means of bringing together scholars of hermeneutics and hermeneutic research across disciplines in creative dialogue and conversations of philosophy, research, and practice. An outcome of this was the launch of the <I>Journal of Applied Hermeneutics, with Nancy J. Moules serving as Editor. The work of the institute and the journal make clear that people (both students and professors) seek practical guidance on how to conduct hermeneutic research. This book is a must read for this audience. (shrink)

The present study explores the application of advanced statistical techniques to predict the academic performance of students in the area of mathematics. Through the use of logistic regression models, decision trees, and neural networks, data from 500 high school students in public institutions were analyzed. The results show that advanced statistical techniques allow a more accurate prediction of academic performance, with a success rate of 87% in neural network models. These findings suggest that the integration of these tools can facilitate (...) the early identification of students at risk of low achievement and improve educational interventions. (shrink)

African understandings of personhood are complex, with different accounts emphasizing distinct aspects of what it means to be a person. Some accounts stress excellence of character and performing well in social roles and relationships, while others focus on innate moral qualities of individuals independent of their conduct and character. This paper sheds new light on these twin aspects of personhood. It proposes a way to navigate these dual features by bringing African and Western personhood into conversation, building on the strengths (...) of each approach, and developing a new view of personhood that we call, Emergent Personhood. Section 1 introduces diverse approaches to personhood within African thought. Section 2 compares African and Western approaches. Section 3 evaluates advantages and disadvantages of each and identifies conditions that any account of personhood must meet to leverage the advantages and avoid the disadvantages identified. Section 4 introduces Emergent Personhood, which meets these conditions. Section 5 concludes that expanding the conversation about personhood across cultures enriches an ongoing conversation about what it means to be a person. (shrink)

"Qui d'autre au monde connaît quelque chose comme le corps" ? C'est le produit le plus tardif, le plus longuement décanté, raffiné, démonté et remonté de notre vieille culture. Si l'Occident est une chute, comme le veut son nom, le corps est le dernier poids, l'extrémité du poids qui bascule dans cette chute. Le corps est la pesanteur. Les lois de la gravitation concernent les corps dans l'espace. Mais tout d'abord, le corps pèse en lui-même : il est descendu en (...) lui-même, sous la loi de cette gravité propre qui l'a poussé jusqu'en ce point où il se confond avec sa charge. C'est-à-dire, avec son épaisseur de mur de prison, ou avec sa masse de terre tassée dans le tombeau, ou bien avec sa lourdeur poisseuse de défroque, et pour finir, avec son poids spécifique d'eau et d'os - mais toujours, mais d'abord en charge de sa chute, tombé de quelque éther, cheval noir, mauvais cheval." Cette édition est complétée par une conférence intitulée "De l'âme". (shrink)

In November 2003, researchers at Cambridge University announced they had identified a gene associated with an elevated risk of breast and related ovarian cancers. The gene—christened EMSY in honor of a breast-cancer nurse who is the sister of the study's lead author—is particularly significant because it is linked to so-called sporadic cancers. Such cancers do not arise from hereditary mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, in which genes that ordinarily prevent breast and ovarian cancers are altered, often giving rise (...) to multiple cases of cancer within a family as the mutation is passed along. The Cambridge researchers determined that the presence of extra copies of EMSY in an individual may instead switch off a healthy BRCA2 gene. (shrink)

Será que a filosofia francesa possua um espírito de sistema?” Essa questão nos é colocada com uma habilidade que somos, por este fato mesmo, convidados a identificar, avaliar e contornar.

Musicologists have increasingly taken a wide-angled lens on the study of music in society, to explore how it can be intertwined with issues of politics, gender, religion, race, psychology, memory and space. Recent studies of music in connection with society take in a variety of musical phenomena from diverse periods and genres-medieval, classical, opera, rock, etc. This ten-chapter book asks not only how music and society are, and have been, intertwined and mutually influential. It also examines the agents behind these (...) connections: who determines musical cultures in society? Which social groups are represented in particular musical contexts? Which social groups are silenced or less well represented in music's histories, and why? (shrink)

Stop trying to become "better" by suppressing or hiding parts of yourself, and learn what it means to be fully human with this accessible guide to the core ethical teachings of Zen Buddhism. In Opening to Oneness, Zen teacher Nancy Baker offers a detailed path of practice for Zen students planning to take the precepts and for anyone, Buddhist or non-Buddhist, interested in deepening their personal study of ethical living. She reveals that there are three levels of each precept: (...) a literal level (don't kill, not even a bug), a relative level that takes moral ambiguity into account (what if it's a malaria-spreading mosquito?), and an ultimate level-the paradoxical level of nonduality, in which the precepts are naturally expressed from a state of oneness. Full of nuance, skepticism, intelligence, and compassion, ten chapters addressing the grave precepts approach them mostly from the literal and relative levels, including instructions for how to practice these precepts individually and in pairs or groups. The next part of the book takes a deep dive into looking at the precepts from the ultimate perspective, largely through an exploration of the precept writings of Dogen, the thirteenth-century religious genius who founded the Soto Zen school. At once comprehensive and innovative, Opening to Oneness will take its place alongside classics like The Mind of Clover, The Heart of Being, and Being Upright as a cherished guide to Zen Buddhist ethics. (shrink)

A beautiful, profound series of reflections on the body by one of the most prominent and consequential philosophers of continental Europe This landmark collection brings into English Jean-Luc Nancy's last completed work and concludes his remarkable philosophical reflections on the body, a project and journey he began almost thirty years ago. Nancy's essays--which take the body as an intersection of pulsing life and destructive cruelty on a global scale--become more vivid, more physical, than ever, even as they venture (...) into language that is as lyrical as it is profound. This vividness is manifest in blood: as it flows, in all its pulsing and forceful circulation, and as it spills, in the cruelty of existences confronted daily by countless destructions. This can be described as sanguis and cruor, the two Latin words for blood's intermingled but distinct aspects. This distinction allows Nancy to highlight an almost mystical sense of the body (yet one that remains soberly on this side of its manifest insistence), alongside the cruelty that pervades our world. The very existence of the world itself is threatened by its reduction to mere objects. The exceptional writings brought together in Corpus III comprise a masterful work of philosophy that marries rigorous erudition--on Freud, Nietzsche, and others--with rich poetic language and an actual poem. Nancy's thought opens the body onto its own unaccountable origins, its plural singularities, its enmeshed instantiations, and its excessive irreducibles, which are also the elusive excesses of language. Whereas in earlier texts Nancy has referred to this excess as poetry, here he performs it in the form of a poem, in the extraordinary hymn entitled Stoma. While the publication of a poem by Nancy is a notable event, equally noteworthy is a remarkable essay entitled "Scandalous Death," in which Nancy meditated on a subject that was to come to him too soon after. Above all, the book is crucial for bringing into English Cruor, the very last work Nancy completed before his death, an evocative meditation offered by a great thinker on the complex conditions of his own--and our--singular survival. (shrink)

Four decades after the Baby M case that led to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy in New York, much has changed in the infertility industry. Advanced technologies including the advent of gestational carrier pregnancies had made it easier and more efficient to create IVF embryos at a distance and over time, accelerating a boom in cross-border, reproductive services and allowing compensated surrogacy to flourish in a growing number of surrogacy-friendly states and beyond. For international couples, the USA has become a (...) hot spot for “circumvention tourism” given its first-rate medical care, ample supply of willing gestational carriers, burgeoning interest in family building among gay couples, and immediate USA citizenship for the child. This commentary reviews selected sociocultural and global forces that helped set the stage for the passage of the Child-Parent Security Act in New York state in 2021, and the efforts by its opponents for stronger protections not only for gestational carriers, but for gamete donors and the donor-conceived offspring. I argue that despite more responsive medical and legal guidelines, the high market demand and economic profits, combined with the lack of regulatory teeth, faulty assumptions about health risks and decision-making autonomy, and inadequate research on long-term health outcomes, continue to make compensated gestational surrogacy in the state of New York a high-risk venture without adequate informed consent. Possible unintended consequences and future research questions are proposed. (shrink)

Two high school students interviewed their peers to understand what they perceive to be the benefits and challenges of having cross-cultural backgrounds and shared these findings at an academic conference. Analyzing the qualitative data through the frameworks of Authentic Intellectual Work (AIW) and Participatory Action Research (PAR), I demonstrate that while the project was well-aligned with the key characteristics of both frameworks—that students constructed social studies knowledge, learned research and other skills, took a central role in a research project, and (...) presented their findings through elaborated communication—the project could have been more powerful if I had guided the youth to more deeply explore social studies concepts such as bias and stereotypes and more explicitly highlighted justice-oriented goals. Through the above analysis, I provide a case study of what AIW and PAR look like in K-12 social studies education and how they can support social studies learning, teaching, and research. Further, as the AIW and PAR frameworks complement each other, I propose their synthesis as Authentic Participatory Action Research (APAR), which can guide high-quality, justice-oriented social studies instruction and research. APAR can be especially effective when it is offered with focused mentorship and when students leverage existing opportunities/events in their immediate communities to share their research findings with relevant stakeholders. Given that our world and nation are increasingly polarized and fraught with social and political conflicts, high-quality, justice-oriented social studies education can support our diverse children and youth to understand and confront issues of equity, power, and opportunity. This research is a case study of such high-quality, justice-oriented social studies. (shrink)

This study addresses inclusive strategies and the impact of public policies on the integration of university students with disabilities, with special emphasis on their mental well-being in academic settings. Through a quantitative approach, data from a sample of students with disabilities in public and private universities were analyzed. The results reveal that the proper implementation of inclusive policies significantly improves both academic integration and the emotional well-being of students. Key areas were identified for improving psychological care and academic accommodations, highlighting (...) the importance of a holistic approach to addressing diversity in higher education. (shrink)

Many, if not most, of our highly prized ‘laws’ of physics cannot be adequately rendered as statements of regular association among the values of ‘categorical’ quantities, I have argued.63 This is true even if we do not balk at the concept of natural necessity and are willing to add that the associations hold ‘by law’. They are rather ascriptions of capacities. They tell us what capacities a system will have by virtue of having a given property. The law of gravity (...) is one example. A system of mass M has the capacity of strength GMm/r2 to move another object of mass m a distance r away towards itself. I call this the gravitational capacity. My second thesis is a commonly shared one. Ascriptions of capacities do not reduce to conditionals involving only categorical properties. I shall here discuss two questions about these theses: 1) Why think of capacities as akin to dispositions or powers; and 2) Why allow them in science? Before tackling the first question, I shall first try to figure out what features we expect to be characteristic of dispositions and powers themselves. (shrink)