Lo que hoy pensamos de la historia, incluyendo nuestros debates sobre su relatividad, se halla en estrecha relación con la noción de 'historia' acuñada por los filósofos de la época moderna. De ellos hemos recibido las piezas de un rompecabezas que ahora nos empeñamos vanamente en armar de otro modo; suyos son los conceptos de 'progreso', 'continuidad', 'sentido', 'determinismo', 'libertad' o incluso de 'relativismo'. La excesiva cautela con que los filósofos tratan hoy el tema de la historia se debe en (...) buena medida a las dificultades para escapar de la red conceptual tejida por los modernos, sobre cuyas deficiencias reina sin embargo una casi unánime convicción. Por tales motivos, el seminario estuvo dedicado al análisis de las principales concepciones de la historia en la filosofía moderna. (shrink)

The design of the green infrastructure in urban areas largely ignores how people's relation to nature, or human-nature connection (HNC), can be nurtured. One practical reason for this is the lack of a framework to guide the assessment of where people, and more importantly children, experience significant nature situations and establish nature routines. This paper develops such a framework. We employed a mixed-method approach to understand what qualities of nature situations connect children to nature (RQ1), what constitutes children's HNC (RQ2), (...) and how significant nature situations and children's HNC relate to each other over time (RQ3). We first interviewed professionals in the field of connecting children to nature ( N = 26), performed inductive thematic analysis of these interviews, and then further examined the inductive findings by surveying specialists ( N = 275). We identified 16 qualities of significant nature situations (e.g., “awe,” “engagement of senses,” “involvement of mentors”) and 10 abilities that constitute children's HNC (e.g., “feeling comfortable in natural spaces,” “feeling attached to natural spaces,” “taking care of nature”). We elaborated three principles to answer our research questions: (1) significant nature situations are various and with differing consequences for children's HNC; (2) children's HNC is a complex embodied ability; (3) children's HNC progresses over time through diverse nature routines. Together, these findings form the Assessment framework for Children's Human Nature Situations (ACHUNAS). ACHUNAS is a comprehensive framework that outlines what to quantify or qualify when assessing “child-nature connecting” environments. It guides the assessment of where and how children connect to nature, stimulating both the design of nature-connecting human habitats as well as pedagogical approaches to HNC. (shrink)

Despite the bad reputation that Hegel’s thought has always enjoyed regarding the respect for individual rights, his conception of freedom has shown an unexpected and permanent relevance. I think this is due to the level of complexity with which Hegel explains the problem of freedom. This paper will develop Hegel’s thesis, according to which freedom is conceived simultaneously as a set and a process of determinations of the will. To illustrate the thesis, I will use two concrete examples. First, in (...) order to show the objective structure of the determinations of freedom, I will refer to the debate between communitarians and liberals in recent Ethics and Political Philosophy, trying to show why both positions refer in some way to a lower level of complexity than the one presented by Hegel. Then, with the aim of showing the current relevance of the notion of freedom as a progressive experience of the acquisition of its own determinations, I will take as an example the interpretation offered by Axel Honneth in his book Leiden an Unbestimmtheit. This way I hope to show the direct or indirect contribution of Hegel to the current debates concerning freedom. (shrink)

El artículo propone una serie de consideraciones hermenéuticas sobre los filósofos y sus textos, se concentra luego en los problemas que encuentra Hegel en la filosofía de su tiempo: la crisis de la ilustración, de la moral kantiana y el interés por la Grecia antigua. Finalmente expone la concepción de Hegel de su Fenomenología del Espíritu como introducción a la filosofía, entendida por él como Ciencia.

Areté cumple diez años. Es, por cierto, un aniversario modesto, pero que no deja de ofrecer una buena ocasión para pensar en una celebración académica. Fue con esa intención que decidimos, hace ya dos años, preparar un volumen especial que estuviese dedicado a esclarecer desde diferentes perspectivas la noción que da nombre a nuestra revista: la noción de areté. Invitamos a participar en él a nuestros colaboradores y amigos, pero también a otros filósofos que han dedicado parte de su obra (...) a estudiar los orígenes o las repercusiones de dicha noción en la historiade la filosofía. (shrink)

Arete is ten years old. It is, to be sure, a modest anniversary, which nonetheless gives us the opportunity for an academic celebration. It iswith this intention that we decided, almost two years ago, to prepare a special volume dedicated to explaining, from different points of view, the notion that gives our journal its name: the notion of arete. We invited our usual collaborators and friends, and other philosophers who have dedicated part of their work to studying the origins or (...) repercussions of that notion in the history of philosophy. (shrink)

El presente trabajo propone una interpretación de la lectura hegeliana del concepto moderno de voluntad. La idea central es que Hegel reformula la noción moderna de voluntad tratando de hacer surgir en ella la estructurade la acción propia de la ética aristotélica. Es la lógica de la acción la que permite poner de manifiesto los límites de la voluntad. El trabajo consta de dos partes. En la primera, se analiza el sentido y el contexto en que Hegel utiliza sistemáticamente la (...) noción de voluntad. En la segunda, se estudia más detalladamente el concepto de acción moral en la Sección Moralidadde la Filosofía del derecho. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente ensayo contiene dos partes. En la primera se hace una breve descripción de las carencias de la reflexión moral a las que parece venir al encuentro el concepto de reconocimiento. Charles Taylor y Axel Honneth, protagonistas en estos debates, dan buenas razones para dirigir la dis..

“Can Hegel's Philosophy of Right do without the Science of Logic ?”. The question posed by this paper’s title refers to the attempts of some contemporary authors, amongst them Axel Honneth, to update the central theses of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right , though precisely (and deliberately) doing so without its alleged dependence on the Science of Logic . On account of several methodological and hermeneutical reasons, it is not easy to answer this question. It is well known that Hegel emphatically (...) asserts that both works and philosophical projects depend on each other, but there is no consensus amongst specialists on how much the Logic actually influences the Philosophy of Right and in what way it does so. On the other hand, clearly any social philosophy needs a logical theory in a broad sense, whether it may be Hegelian or not. This is even more so if the aim is to update the Hegelian construction implicit in the notion of freedom. In any case, the discussion seems to bring forth the paradox of asserting both the current relevance and the obsolescence of the Hegelian notion of freedom. (shrink)

En su última obra, Political Liberulism, John Rawls modifica el estatuto epistemológico de su teoría de la justicia, de forma tal que ésta ha de considerarse ahora como una teoría política y ya no como una teoría moral O metafísica. El giro se lleva a cabo con la finalidad de asegurar la «estahilidad » de la teoria, es decir, su capacidad de generar un overiapping consensos con todas las doctrinas morales actualmente en conflicto. El tema de nuestro trabajo es el (...) análisis del rol central que ahora desempeña en la teoría este overlapping consensos. De él habla Rawls como una meta por alcanzar, cuando la teoría entra en contacto con las doctrinas rivales; se puede decir, en tal sentido, que andamos tras el consenso. Pero este consenso perseguido reposa, en realidad -ésta es nuestra tesis-, sobre un acuerdo o consenso previo, cuya validez debe ser asumida por la teoría en el nuevo marco epistemológico; el consenso nos precede, nos hallamos tras él. El análisis de esta ambivalencia del overlapping consensos permite mostrar las debilidades epistcmólogicas del giro anunciado por Rawls. (shrink)

Lucan's account of Caesar crossing the Rubicon is dense with metapoetic allusion. Although the river has been specified as a small stream at Caesar's arrival, it becomes swollen, tumidus, as soon as Caesar ‘breaks the delay of war’ and ‘carries his standards in haste over the [now] swollen river’. This has been pinpointed both as a metapoetic signpost of Lucan's engagement with the anti-Callimachean swollen river of grandiose epic at the outbreak of Civil War, and as a programmatic statement that (...) the whole Bellum Ciuile will set up a series of contrasts between Caesar's urgency in crossing boundaries and Lucan's narrative obstructions to or compliances with Caesar's progress. In fact, as Jamie Masters notes, ‘in spite of the “undoing of delay,” the perfect “tulit” and the adverb “propere,” Caesar has not crossed the river yet; or if he has, he must do it again’, precisely at 1.213–22. Within this densely self-reflexive passage, Lucan inserts a palindromic acrostic which signals both the doubling of Caesar's action and Lucan's poetic representation of Caesar taming the forces of nature. (shrink)

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder with a multifaceted nature and its biological, psychological and social aspects are strongly interconnected. Therefore, the integration of the different health disciplines is strongly recommended for its care. There is a growing number of interventions based on this principle but each of them is heterogeneous with regards to how the included disciplines are integrated with each other. With this regards, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary programs are distinguished. The former are organized in order to treat the (...) various aspects of the syndrome using different perspectives and their various treatment components are usually provided separately by the different care providers. Conversely, interdisciplinary treatments are planned in order to foster a dialogue between the operators by providing a joint conduction of the treatment or scheduling plenary discussions about the cases. In the field of chronic pain, some authors are suggesting to move beyond these approaches and to plan transdisciplinary treatments, which would allow the professionals to move across their disciplinary boundaries. Although no examples of these interventions have been proposed for the treatment of fibromyalgia, there is a visible trend in the literature toward more holistic forms of care. (shrink)

Hegel es uno de los primeros filósofos podemos que toma distancia frente al sentimiento triunfalista de su época, pero sin desconocer la originalidad de las nuevas formas de pensamiento e innovación política. A su filosofía debemos una caracterización conceptual de la modernidad en su conjunto gracias a la conciencia histórica con que ésta es juzgada. Lo propio y esencial de los tiempos modernos es, para Hegel, el principio de la subjetividad". El trabajo se divide en dos partes: primeramente, la concepción (...) de Hegel es interpretada como una toma de posición ante el debate contemporáneo representado por la querelle des antens el des modernes. A continuación, se intenta mostrar que esta actitud teórica ante modernidad constituye el hilo conductor toda la obra de Hegel. (shrink)

El artículo señala el origen hegeliano de esta disputa difundida actualmente por la confrontación entre los que intentan una fundamentación racional, normativa y universalista de la moral, y quienes defienden la legitimidad de tradiciones y formas de vida. El autor plantea la necesidad de involucrar la discusión en un debate mucho más fundamental sobre la racionalidad.

El artículo ofrece una reflexión hermenéutica sobre el sentido aparentementeparadójico de la combinación de los términos "ciencia" y "lógica" en laCiencia de la lógica de Hegel. Se muestran las raíces metafísicas de estaempresa, presentes en la transformación kantiana de la secular concepciónaristotélica, con la finalidad de hacer más comprensible la transformaciónhegeliana de la metafísica en lógica.

En las circunstancias políticas de la actualidad. el concepto de "tolerancia" ha recuperado una importante dignidad académica y ha sido materia de numerosas investigaciones. Pese a ello, la "tolerancia" sigue siendo considerada como una virtud "borrosa" o "elusiva". En el artículo se propone una interpretación sistemática de dicha noción, con el propósito de establecer un conjunto de matrices hermenéuticas que puedan darnos luces sobre su alcance y sus limitaciones. En dicho análisis, la tolerancia resulta ser una noción "parasitaria". cuya validez (...) depende siempre de una concepción moral previa, de carácter afirmativo y propositivo. Se sugiere, en tal sentido, que el nuevo paradigma del "reconocimiento" puede hacer las veces de marco normativo último y teleológico de la noción de tolerancia. (shrink)

Theoretical and practical activity have traditionally been understood as complementary activities: through theoretical activity the subject would internalize the external world, while through practical activity she would externalize her internal goals. Hegel scholars have often attempted to interpret the difference and relation between subjective and objective spirit on the basis of that way of understanding theoretical and practical activity. Such approach, however, raises serious exegetical and conceptual problems about the meaning and formal structure of Hegel´s entire philosophy of spirit. Indeed, (...) if what primarily characterizes subjective spirit is the activity of knowing considered as the process of idealization and internalization of the external world and what characterizes, in turn, objective spirit is the externalization of the goals of the will, how should we conceive within such explanatory framework the specificity of the acts of absolute spirit, that is to say, of the human behavior in art, religion, and philosophy? In my talk I will first attempt to clarify what exactly defines, according to Hegel, theoretical and practical activity, in order to develop on that basis an exegetical model that can satisfactorily account for Hegel´s peculiar periodization of the different forms of human activity. (shrink)

Este ensayo es una presentación del programade la ética discursiva de Jürgen Habermas,a partir del análisis de los problemas queparecen hacerla necesaria en la actualidad. En una primera parte, se desarrollan los cuatrorasgos principales atribuidos por Habermas adicha ética, en concordané!a con la éticakantiana: la ética discursiva es deontológica,cognitiva, formalista y universa/ista. En lasegunda parte, se presenta este mismo programapartiendo de los análisis fenomenológicosde Strawson y explicando de modo inmanentela necesidad y los limites de una fundamentaciónde las normas morales.

BackgroundChronic airway diseases are prevalent and costly conditions. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include Acceptance and Commitment-based components could be important to tackle the vicious circle linking progression of the disease, inactivity, and psychopathological symptoms.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of routinely collected data of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program was performed. The program included group sessions including patient education, breathing exercise, occupational therapy and an ACT-based psychological treatment, and individual sessions of physical therapy. Demographic data, clinical characteristics of the patients and the values of (...) outcome variables before treatment, at discharge, at 3 months, and at 6 months were extracted from medical records. Multiple imputation was employed to address missing data. Linear mixed models were employed to assess changes over time. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of a minimum clinically important change of health status from baseline to the 6-months follow-up.ResultsData from 31 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 12 patients with bronchiectasis were extracted. Health status improved from baseline to discharge to the 3 months follow-up, but not to the 6 months follow-up. Anxiety and depression improved across all the time points. Quality of life did not improve over time. Having a worse health status at baseline and fewer depressive symptoms were significantly associated with achieving a minimum clinically important change of health status at 6 months. The effects of the interdisciplinary program were not different for patients with COPD or with bronchiectasis.DiscussionInterdisciplinary programs including ACT-based components are promising treatments for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic airway diseases. (shrink)