El presente artículo aborda el problema de la imagen en el pensamiento de Giorgio Agamben desde la perspectiva abierta por Homo sacer (1995), es decir, en relación con los conceptos de soberanía y vida desnuda, con la finalidad de analizar la relación entre política y estética en el filósofo italiano. This paper focuses on the concept of image as articulated in Giorgio Agamben's Homo sacer (1995) -i.e., in its relationship with the concepts of sovereignty and bare life- in order to (...) throw light on the connection between aesthetics and politics in Agamben's thought. (shrink)

One of the sectors for which Artificial Intelligence applications have been considered as exceptionally promising is the healthcare sector. As a public-facing sector, the introduction of AI applications has been subject to extended news coverage. This article conducts a quantitative and qualitative data analysis of English news media articles covering AI systems that allow the automation of tasks that so far needed to be done by a medical expert such as a doctor or a nurse thereby redistributing their agency. We (...) investigated in this article one particular framing of AI systems and their agency: the framing that positions AI systems as replacing and outperforming the human medical expert, and in which AI systems are personified and/or addressed as a person. The analysis of our data set consisting of 365 articles written between the years 1980 and 2019 will show that there is a tendency to present AI systems as outperforming human expertise. These findings are important given the central role of news coverage in explaining AI and given the fact that the popular frame of ‘outperforming’ might place AI systems above critique and concern including the Hippocratic oath. Our data also showed that the addressing of an AI system as a person is a trend that has been advanced only recently and is a new development in the public discourse about AI. (shrink)

Reseña de: Rafael Reyna Fortes, La evolución hacia el criticismo. Estudios sobre la Dissertatio de 1770 y el comienzo del criticismo kantiano, Madrid, Faber and Sapiens - Á peiron Ediciones, 2020, 160 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17898-81-6.

This study aimed to determine the predictive character of organizational socialization and occupational positive mental health on organizational commitment in higher education teachers. A sample of 279 teachers from higher education institutions who signed an informed consent form was used. Fifty-four point five percent of the participants were women, with a mean age of 44.05 years. The participants completed the Organizational Socialization Inventory, the Positive Occupational Mental Health Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Scale, and for data analysis descriptive statistics, correlation (...) analysis and multiple linear regression with stepwise method were applied, entering each dimension of organizational commitment separately as a dependent variable. As a result, moderate to weak correlations were identified between the study variables, and it was found that the final models indicate that the future perspectives and socio-affective dimensions predict affective commitment by 38%; that future perspectives, spirituality and age predict normative commitment by 22.8%; and that the future perspectives dimension predicts commitment of continuity by 9.2%. It is concluded that teachers’ expectations about their development in the institution, as well as their interactions at the socio-affective and spiritual level with the work context, are factors that partially influence their attachment to the educational organization. (shrink)

El artículo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación dirigido a la orientación profesional. Su objetivo consistió en proponer un modelo de formación de actitudes profesionales pedagógicas de los docentes de la Educación Superior cubana. El modelo incluyó tres subsistemas: proyección, contextualización y problematización actitudinal pedagógica. De igual forma se definieron los conceptos situación educativa, ayuda profesional y actitudes pedagógicas, los que distinguen el modelo propuesto del enfoque tradicionalmente asumido en la formación de actitudes. Dentro de las actitudes profesionales descritas (...) se encuentran la interdisciplinaria, la colaborativa y la de visión personal profesional. Se describió cómo deben trabajar los colectivos de carreras y de años para influir positivamente en la formación integral de la personalidad de los estudiantes y en particular en la formación de actitudes. The article is part of a research project aimed at vocational guidance. Its objective was to propose a training model of pedagogical professional attitudes for Cuban Higher Education teachers. The model included three subsystems: projection, contextualization and pedagogical attitude problems. Concepts like educational situation, professional help and educational attitudes were defined; they distinguish the model from the approach traditionally assumed in the formation of attitudes. The professional attitudes described include the interdisciplinary, the collaborative and professional personal vision. It was described how collectives should work to positively influence students formation of personality particularly, the formation of attitudes. (shrink)

Today, technological implants to increase innate human capabilities are already available on the market. Cyborgs, understood as healthy people who decide to integrate their bodies with insideable technology, are no longer science fiction, but fact. The cyborg market will be a huge new business with important consequences for both industry and society. More specifically, cyborg technologies are a unique product, with a potentially critical impact on the future of humanity. In light of the potential transformations involved in the creation of (...) “superhuman” cyborgs, ethics must be a cornerstone of cyborg marketing decisions. Businesses need to take ethics into account, not only to ensure they behave ethically, as always, but also because ethics will be an important factor in buyers’ decisions in the emerging cyborg market. This is because the decision to become a cyborg is determined, among many other factors, by ethical judgment. Our research focuses on how the dimensions of the Composite Multidimensional Ethics Scale influence an individual’s decision to become a cyborg. To test our hypotheses, we surveyed a total of 1563 higher-education students in seven different countries. The results of the survey show that ethical judgment will be a keystone in individual cyborgization. Specifically, ethical dimensions explained 48% of the intention to use cyborg technologies. The ethical analysis showed that not all MES dimensions have the same influence on the ethical judgment regarding this decision. Egoism was the most influential dimension, while contractualism was the least. These findings have important implications for both academia and business. (shrink)

The Escuela Feminista de Teología de Andalucía [the Andalusian School of Feminist Theology], held a conference titled ‘Feminine Mysticism and Counterculture: A Rebellious Genre’ October 15-17, 2009 at the University of Seville. This annual seminar is held thanks to an agreement between the University of Seville and EFETA, with the direct support of the research group ‘Escritoras y Escrituras,’ whose principal researcher is Mercedes Arriaga. The guest of honour at this year’s conference was Lisa Isherwood, who kindly presented EFETA (...) with the opportunity to publish some of the seminar’s papers in Feminist Theology, and who we here in Spain thank wholeheartedly for her contributions. Before presenting the texts that were selected for this edition, we would like to take this opportunity to explain a little about the EFETA project. (shrink)

Pensadores griegos y orientales, filósofos antiguos, medioevales y modernos, han tocado el tema de lo corporal de manera fragmentaria que reducen lo corpóreo a mero instrumento. Para evitar este tipo de interpretaciones, queda el expediente de acudir a la síntesis holística; a la versión del "cuerpo total" que somos. La economía imperante es la del "cuerpo poseído". Se tasa, vende y desecha en el mercado la fuerza de trabajo. Se ejerce sobre él una violencia que nos rebasa en todos los (...) frentes; es radical, porque atenta contra la integridad y la dignidad de los cuerpos. Restañar las heridas corporales de nuestros pueblos requiere de la formulación y siembra del conocimiento de la Ética del cuerpo que deberá ir acompañada por un proceso de reconstrucción simbólica de la idea de "cuerpo" en el que todos participemos. Si armonizan necesidades y capacidades corporales propias y ajenas y compaginan nuestras acciones con el respeto al entorno natural, casa del cuerpo, podremos vislumbrar que vamos sobre el camino correcto. The Greek and Eastern thinkers, ancient, medieval and modern philosophers, have dealt with the body only in a fragmentary way that sees it as a mere instrument. To avoid this kind of interpretation we resort to a holistic synthesis-the "total body" version that we really are. The dominant economics is the one of the "possessed body" that can be priced, sold and disposed of as working force. An overpowering violence is applied to it; it is a radical violence as it attempts on bodies' integrity and dignity. The healing of the wounded bodies of our people requires formulating and planting the seeds of the body's ethics that will accompany the reconstruction of an idea of body to be shared by all of us. If we harmonize our own and others' body's needs and abilities, and our actions are in accordance with our natural surroundings, we will be able to make out the right path. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza la respuesta que el Estado español, como Estado-nación, está dando a la integración del inmigrante como ciudadano. Frente a quienes consideran que la residencia ha de ser la vía de acceso a la ciudadanía ante la crisis del Estado nación y la movilidad geográfica que impone la globalización económica a las personas, aquí se defiende, por el contrario, la relevancia política de la nacionalidad, como parte alícuota individual de pertenencia al poder constituyente, en relación armónica con un (...) concepto flexible de residencia. La investigación está dividida en cinco apartados, en los que se estudia la nacionalidad y el poder constituyente, las vías de acceso a la nacionalidad española, el conflicto Estado o nación, las peculiaridades de la nacionalidad originaria y , finalmente, los criterios que los Estados utilizan para la selección de la inmigración potencial. El recorrido crítico por la legislación española en materia de nacionalidad y ciudadanía acompañado de los debates teóricos al respecto, ha permitido concluir con una propuesta de lege ferenda centrada en una reforma radical en materia de nacionalidad. (shrink)

An analysis of ms Vat. Lat. 781 reveals ratio and limppiditas as two key notions in Albert the Great's teaching on the possibility of knowing God.

Les femmes communistes espagnoles reconstituèrent leur organisation en 1945, dans l’exil français, afin de mobiliser les réfugiées dans la résistance antifranquiste. Les figures d’héroïnes évoquées dans la revue Mujeres Antifascistas Españolas, tiennent une place importante dans la culture politique de ces femmes. Des récits, où réalité et fiction se mêlent, mettent en scène vierges guerrières et mères héroïques. Si l’héroïsation individuelle ou collective (les treize roses de Madrid) confine parfois au mythe, sans remettre en cause le système traditionnel de genre, (...) elle permet d’inscrire ces héroïnes dans l’histoire de l’Espagne et dans la mémoire collective des opposants au régime du général Franco. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to exhibit the core of Paul Natorp's criticisms of psychologism. We expose the arguments that lead Natorp to conclude that knowledge cannot have a subjective foundation but must have an objective grounding. We argue that, according to Natorp, the problem of psychologism is fundamentally methodological. Psychologism confuses the study of the laws of knowledge with the study of the legality of psychical life. Thus, the problem of the genesis is confused with the problem of (...) validity. (shrink)

In this research, we analyse the impact of the inclusion of ethical expressions in the prospectuses of socially responsible (SR) mutual funds on money flows. We contribute to the existing literature by proposing a text-based measure that integrates three attributes that are relevant to whether clients are attracted: exclusiveness, intensity and lexical diversity. We analyse a sample formed of 266 SR US equity mutual funds in the period 1999–2019. Our findings show that both the proposed indicator and other alternative partial (...) proxies based on textual data have a positive impact on the money flows of the SR funds. This effect is more relevant in the case of SR mutual funds belonging to smaller families. Besides, persistence in money flows is more intense for SR mutual funds that are more attractive because of their ethical expressions. Another finding shows that return-chaser behaviour occurs among all SR investors, independently of the level of text attractiveness of the mutual funds in which they invest, revealing that they take into account both financial and non-financial outcomes. Our results indicate that policymakers should control fund prospectus information, given its importance for investors' decisions. In addition, managers should be especially cautious with the information provided in prospectuses because of its impact on investor decisions. (shrink)

Despite the recognized importance of bodily movements in spatial audition, few studies have integrated action-based protocols with spatial hearing in the peripersonal space. Recent work shows that tactile feedback and active exploration allow participants to improve performance in auditory distance perception tasks. However, the role of the different aspects involved in the learning phase, such as voluntary control of movement, proprioceptive cues, and the possibility of self-correcting errors, is still unclear. We study the effect of guided reaching exploration on perceptual (...) learning of auditory distance in peripersonal space. We implemented a pretest-posttest experimental design in which blindfolded participants must reach for a sound source located in this region. They were divided into three groups that were differentiated by the intermediate training phase: Guided, an experimenter guides the participant’s arm to contact the sound source; Active, the participant freely explores the space until contacting the source; and Control, without tactile feedback. The effects of exploration feedback on auditory distance perception in the peripersonal space are heterogeneous. Both the Guided and Active groups change their performance. However, participants in the Guided group tended to overestimate distances more than those in the Active group. The response error of the Guided group corresponds to a generalized calibration criterion over the entire range of reachable distances. Whereas the Active group made different adjustments for proximal and distal positions. The results suggest that guided exploration can induce changes on the boundary of the auditory reachable space. We postulate that aspects of agency such as initiation, control, and monitoring of movement, assume different degrees of involvement in both guided and active tasks, reinforcing a non-binary approach to the question of activity-passivity in perceptual learning and supporting a complex view of the phenomena involved in action-based learning. (shrink)

Tras constatar la existencia de un corpus de más de doscientos cómics publicados a lo largo de casi un siglo que incorporan representaciones gráficas de Alejandro Magno, en el presente trabajo se analizan aquellas obras que muestran al personaje desde una perspectiva histórico-biográfica y con una finalidad didáctica, publicadas por vez primera en los Estados Unidos de la década de 1920 bajo la forma de tiras de prensa y dos décadas más tarde en Europa en tanto que contenidos de las (...) revistas destinadas a un público infantil, así como su posterior evolución en ambos escenarios geográficos a lo largo del siglo XX. (shrink)

Kant sobre las definiciones matemáticas, de Mirella Capozzi.

El argumento del designio utilizado para demostrar la existencia de Dios es uno de los argumentos a los que David Hume ha dedicado mayor atención. Por una parte, este razonamiento analógico parte de evidencia observacional. Por esa razón, podría considerarse como un tipo de argumento particularmente atractivo para un filósofo empirista. De hecho, Hume utiliza este argumento a posteriori en varias de sus obras. Por otra parte, la posición de Hume sobre este tipo de razonamientos no es del todo clara. (...) El filósofo defiende este argumento en varias ocasiones y lo critica en otras. Este trabajo se propone investigar el análisis de Hume del argumento del designio. Especialmente, evidenciaremos las peculiaridades de los señalamientos del filósofo en los Diálogos sobre religión natural. Analizaremos la significatividad de la posición de Hume en los Diálogos en lo que respecta a la llamada “conversión de Filón”. Exhibiremos que “la conversión de Filón” al final de la obra podría representar el alcance positivo que Hume atribuye a este tipo de argumentos en su filosofía teorética. (shrink)

Albert the Great extracts the best contributions of Neo-Platonism and Aristotelism. He examines the Aristotelian doctrine on the desire for truth present in human nature and the science of Metaphysics, which allows for an inkling of the source of such desire, but this desire is examined more in-depth by the Pseudo-Dionysius, being Theology the science that grants more answers and the most universal because it enables for greater perfection, not just intellectual but of the whole person.

This article develops the argument that the interplay between emotions and cognitive biases influences corporate decision-making on climate change adaptation. Our theoretical analysis examines how emotions can change the effect of cognitive biases on adaptation decisions by influencing how firms select, access, and process complex and uncertain climatic information. We draw on research on climate adaptation, social psychology, and managerial cognition and focus on three forms of bias: availability heuristic, framing, and anchoring. We explain how each bias shapes the decision-making (...) process on adaptation and theorize how emotions of different valence and arousal affect this process. We shed light on the underlying mechanisms that explain how emotions influence the effect of cognitive biases as a source of inaction on adaptation in firms. Our analysis provides a new perspective on how firms approach the strategic decision to adapt to climate change by considering both cognitive and emotional aspects. (shrink)

La complejidad cognitiva que supone la producción de discursos y relatos ha sido puesta de manifiesto en la medida en que se ha reconocido que implica la planificación y generación por parte de un hablante de secuencias coherentes de enunciados con propósitos comunicativos, siendo así un ejemplo característico de actividad estratégica, guiada por metas, que exige la generación de planes y la toma de decisiones. Desde la Lingüística se han propuesto modelos de producción de los discursos que recogen intuiciones interesantes (...) sobre procesos con potencial realidad psicológica.…. (shrink)

This paper presents an empirical study that analyzes everyday practices regarding the health care and education of middle class families grounded in a phenomenological perspective. Everyday practices are linked to the system of expectations and goals built around practices, constituting a configurations of meaning that involves both aspects of the Life-World, which is affected by social class and other social determinants that define areas of experiences and opportunities for social interaction. In this sense, we see that social class and gender (...) intersect each other, enabling and limiting horizons of expectations for children, raising specific jurisdictions to males and females. Finally, we reflect on how the constitution of meanings and everyday practices influences the construction of social relations of the educational and health environments. (shrink)

El descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo hace del nuestro el Viejo, metaforizándose en parejas de opuestos: nuevo/viejo, moderno/anticuado. Reivindicando invención y novedad, su modernidad contra el orden antiguo, el culto barroco de lo nuevo estriba en una nueva vivencia del tiempo. La revolución técnica del nuevo espejo plano y del más fiable reloj, hace cobrar mayor o mejor conciencia de sí, pasando de un tiempo sin cuenta a un tiempo contado y atestiguado en reflejo y edad. Moda del autorretrato: comparación angustiosa (...) o consoladora con el otro, cuidado de sí y cuidándose de los demás. Visión y aversión de los ancianos que denunciara Rousseau al final del Barroco: el sentimiento del tiempo hace sentir la injusticia de una sociedad patriarcal al joven, socialmente subyugado al mayor todopoderoso, que controla hasta su casamiento con abusivas leyes civiles que desvían y desvirtúan las libertades canónicas. Conflicto generacional, pues, arqueología de la modernidad. (shrink)

Kant afirma que Dios conoce todo a priori, que tiene un intelecto intuitivo y puro; pero el sistema crítico enseña que este aspecto de la divinidad no es cognoscible por nosotros. Entonces, ¿cómo determinar los atributos del intelecto divino si Dios mismo no puede ser objeto de conocimiento? Algunos sostienen que este modo de concebir este atributo divino debe ser comprendido a partir de las convicciones religiosas del filósofo. Por el contrario, mostraremos que este peculiar modo de concebir el intelecto (...) de Dios está fundado en un argumento que Kant expone in extenso en las Lecciones de teología filosófica. Throughout his work, Kant states that God knows everything a priori, that He has pure and intuitive cognition. However, the Kantian critical system claims that the intellect of God cannot be known by our human cognition. Thus, the question that must be answered is how are we to determine God's intellectual attributes, consider-ing that God him/herself cannot be an object of our knowledge whatsoever. Some scholars claim that the way in which Kant determines God's mind should be understood in relation to Kant's religious convictions. On the contrary, we sustain that this peculiar way of conceiving the intellect of God is supported by an argument that Kant develops in extensor in his Lectures on Philosophical Theology. (shrink)

The Light Subject Constraint in Spoken Spanish The purpose of this study is to explore Chafe's hypothesis that grammatical subjects obey the light subject constraint. The data consists of six half-an-hour semiformal interviews with Caracas native speakers recorded in 1987. Chafe's hypothesis is based on the claim that in any given clause one of the referents receives the unique and special status of grammatical subject. Subjects show two types of restrictions: i) from the information load perspective, they tend to code (...) given or accessible rather than new information; and ii) from a referential viewpoint, they can have three degrees of importance: primary, secondary or trivial. Information load and referential importance combined constitute the LSC: Chafe's findings prove that in English subjects tend, on the one hand, to be given or accessible and, on the other, of primary or secondary importance. Heavy subjects, on the contrary, tend to be of trivial importance. Broderick 1999 confirms the LSC's existence in a conversational English corpus. All subjects in the corpus have been coded according to information load and referential importance. The results of the analysis show that spoken Spanish also conforms to LSC. (shrink)