Results for 'Megarians'

70 found
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  1.  86
    The Megarian and the Aristotelian Concept of Possibility: A Contribution to the History of the Ontological Problem of Modality.Nicolai Hartmann, Frederic Tremblay & Keith R. Peterson - 2017 - Axiomathes 27 (2):209-223.
    This is a translation of Nicolai Hartmann’s article “Der Megarische und der Aristotelische Möglichkeitsbegriff: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des ontologischen Modalitätsproblems,” first published in 1937. In this article, Hartmann defends an interpretation of the Megarian conception of possibility, which found its clearest form in Diodorus Cronus’ expression of it and according to which “only what is actual is possible” or “something is possible only if it is actual.” Hartmann defends this interpretation against the then dominant Aristotelian conception of possibility, based (...)
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  2. On the Megarians of Metaphysics IX 3.Santiago Chame - 2024 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 106 (2):177-206.
    In this paper, I compare the Megarian thesis of Metaphysics IX 3 with other sources on the Megarians in order to clarify two questions: that of the unity and nature of the so-called Megarian school and that of Aristotle’s broader argument in IX 3. I first review the disputed issue of the status of the Megarian school and then examine two hypotheses regarding the identity behind Aristotle’s allusion in IX 3. Third, I explore the connection between Megarianism and Plato’s (...)
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  3. Aristotle, Heidegger, and the Megarians.Hikmet Unlu - 2020 - Revue Roumaine de Philosophie 64 (1):125-140.
    This paper examines Aristotle’s analysis of unenacted capacities to show the role they play in his discovery of the concept of actuality. I first argue that Aristotle begins Metaphysics IX by focusing on active and passive capacities, after which I discuss Aristotle’s confrontation with the Megarians, the philosophers who maintain that a capacity is present only insofar as it is being enacted. Using Heidegger’s interpretation as a guide, I show that Aristotle’s rejection of the Megarian position leads him to (...)
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  4.  72
    Megarian paradoxes as Eleatic arguments.Samuel C. Wheeler - 1983 - American Philosophical Quarterly 20 (3):287-295.
    I argue that the paradoxes attributed to the Megarians, namely the Liar, the Sorites, presupposition ("Have you stopped beating your father,") and failure of substitution of co-referential terms in psychological verbs ("The Electra") were intended to be reasons to accept Parmenides view that non-being is an incoherent notion and that there is exactly One Being. That is, Eubulides and others were akin to Zeno, in indirectly supporting Parmenidean monism.
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  5.  39
    Megarian Variable Actualism.Toby Friend - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):10521-10541.
    Megarian Actualism is the denial of unmanifesting powers. Aristotle called such a view ‘buffoonery’ and dispositionalists have provided compelling reasons for the contrary platitude that powers need not manifest. Even so, drawing on extant treatments of quantitative powers I’ll suggest that many of the powers which feature in quantitative lawlike equations are plausibly interpreted as Megarian. This is because the powers described by such equations are best understood as being directed towards all the values of exhaustive manifestation variables. I’ll discuss (...)
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  6.  86
    Megarian possibilities.Stephen Makin - 1996 - Philosophical Studies 83 (3):253 - 276.
  7.  34
    The megarians and the stoics.Robert R. O'Toole & Raymond E. Jennings - 2004 - In Dov M. Gabbay, John Woods & Akihiro Kanamori (eds.), Handbook of the history of logic. Boston: Elsevier. pp. 1--397.
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  8. Megarian necessity in forward-branching, backward-linear time.Michael Byrd - 1978 - Noûs 12 (4):463-469.
  9.  81
    The Megarians.A. A. Long - 1975 - The Classical Review 25 (02):232-.
  10.  61
    Facets of Megarian Fatalism: Aristotelian Criticisms and the Stoic Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence.Michael J. White - 1980 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 10 (2):189 - 206.
    The Megarians, as well as their Stoic heirs, are known to have been fatalists or logical determinists in the following, very broad sense of these terms: with respect to at least certain classes or kinds of nontautologous propositions, they held that the mere truth of a proposition entails its necessity. This paper explores, in a very tentative fashion, the relation between several versions of logical determinism and two passages in the Aristotelian corpus, one of which is specifically directed against (...)
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  11.  21
    Megarian Paradoxes as Eleatic Arguments.Samuel C. Wheeler Iii - 1983 - American Philosophical Quarterly 20 (3):287 - 295.
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  12.  39
    Megarian Studies Krister Hanell: Megarische Studien. Pp. 227. Lund: Lindstedt, 1934. Paper, Kr. 4.50.Marcus N. Tod - 1935 - The Classical Review 49 (02):76-77.
  13.  28
    The Megarians. An Annotated Collection of the Testimonies. [REVIEW]C. Joachim Classen - 1975 - Philosophy and History 8 (1):79-80.
  14.  42
    The Rise, Fall, and Afterlife of Learning Styles: An Essay on Megarianism and Emancipation in Educational Potentiality.Michael P. A. Murphy - 2019 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 39 (2):205-217.
    The status of learning styles theory in educational studies is uncertain as we inhabit the liminal phase between the theory’s death as proclaimed by educational psychologists who avow to have disproven it and whatever afterlife will follow. At this moment, with both past and future in view, that we have an opportunity to reflect on the foundational assumptions of the theory. Engaging in the growing community of Agambenian philosophy of education and the ongoing dialogue around educational potentiality, this article approaches (...)
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  15.  50
    On the Megarians.C. M. Gillespie - 1911 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 24 (2):218-241.
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  16. Aristotle's Megarian Manoeuvres.Kit Fine - 2011 - Mind 120 (480):993-1034.
    Towards the end of Theta.4 of the Metaphysics, Aristotle appears to endorse the obviously invalid modal principle that the truth of A will entail the truth of B if the possibility of A entails the possibility of B. I attempt to show how Aristotle's endorsement of the principle can be seen to arise from his accepting a non-standard interpretation of the modal operators and I indicate how the principle and its interpretation are of independent interest, quite apart from their role (...)
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  17.  79
    Aristotle and the Megarians on the Potentiality-Actuality Distinction.Brian Calvert - 1976 - Apeiron 10 (1):34 - 41.
  18.  64
    Aristotle and the Early Megarians An Interpretation of Metaphysics Θ. 3.Christos Y. Panayides - 2009 - Philosophical Inquiry 31 (3-4):77-102.
  19. Helena Kurzova (ed.), The Megarians: Fragments.Jaroslav Rytiř - 2009 - Rhizai. A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science:215-220.
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  20.  36
    Thucydides 1.42.2 and the Megarian Decree.Christopher Tuplin - 1979 - Classical Quarterly 29 (02):301-.
    Is there or is there not a reference here to the Megarian Decree? Opinions have differed and no doubt will continue to do so. However, considerable authority has recently been thrown behind the proposition that the matter can be decided on purely linguistic grounds, that merely as a matter of use of Greek the passage cannot contain a reference to the Megarian Decree. This seems, on investigation, to be false, and since confusion appears to persist in the books about the (...)
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  21.  12
    Anthemocritus and the Megarians.K. J. Dover - 1966 - American Journal of Philology 87 (2):203.
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  22.  71
    Dynamis, Energeia and the Megarians.Stanley Rosen - 1979 - Philosophical Inquiry 1 (2):105-119.
  23. Powers and possibilities: Aristotle vs. the Megarians.Ch Witt - 1995 - Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 11:249-266.
  24.  31
    Bryson of Heraclea and Polyxenus, Megarian Philosophers.Santiago Chame - 2024 - Phronesis 69 (3):251-278.
    Bryson of Heraclea and Polyxenus have received little attention from scholars. Sources on these philosophers are few and difficult to interpret. However, they present interesting dialectical arguments that concern some of Plato’s and Aristotle’s most important theoretical elaborations: Bryson’s arguments on the issue of semantic ambiguity were explicitly discussed by Aristotle, and Polyxenus is credited with a particular version of the Third Man argument. My purpose in this paper is to reconstruct the historical background of these two philosophers and to (...)
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  25.  53
    Cosa: the coins and Italo-Megarian Ware at Cosa. [REVIEW]Richard Reece - 1982 - The Classical Review 32 (2):294-295.
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  26.  21
    Les maîtres de Cratès.Isabelle Chouinard - 2015 - Revue de Philosophie Ancienne 33 (1):63-94.
    In Book VI of the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes Laertius presents Cynicism as a philosophical school with origins in Socrates and prefiguring Stoicism, through the sequence: Socrates–Antisthenes–Diogenes–Crates–Zeno. However, the part of the sequence linking Diogenes to Crates is not unanimously accepted. Diogenes Laertius himself mentions that Crates had two other teachers: Bryson of Achaea and Stilpo. The first is unknown, but the sources tell us enough about the second to discern certain similarities between his philosophy and that (...)
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  27. Looking for the Lazy Argument Candidates.Vladimir Marko - 2011 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 18 (3 & 4):363-383; 447-474.
    The Lazy Argument, as it is preserved in historical testimonies, is not logically conclusive. In this form, it appears to have been proposed in favor of part-time fatalism (including past time fatalism). The argument assumes that free will assumption is unacceptable from the standpoint of the logical fatalist but plausible for some of the nonuniversal or part-time fatalists. There are indications that the layout of argument is not genuine, but taken over from a Megarian source and later transformed. The genuine (...)
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  28.  39
    Historical Introduction to Nicolai Hartmann’s Concept of Possibility.Frédéric Tremblay - 2017 - Axiomathes 27 (2):193-207.
    In his article “The Megarian and Aristotelian Concept of Possibility”, Nicolai Hartmann attempts to revive an interpretation of the conception of possibility of the Megarians that stood in opposition to the Aristotelian conception of possibility and thus in opposition to the Aristotelian conception of modality in general. In this introduction, I undertake to situate Hartmann’s article in its historical context. Did Hartmann come to adopt this thesis through his study of ancient Greek philosophy? Or did he already have a (...)
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  29.  13
    Die Megariker.Klaus Döring - 1972 - Amsterdam,: Grüner.
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  30.  9
    Les Mégariques: fragments et témoignages.Robert Muller (ed.) - 1985 - Paris: Vrin.
    Based on the thesis of R. Muller (doctoral)--Universite de Paris IV.
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  31.  9
    L'éristique: définitions, caractérisations et historicité.Sylvain Delcomminette & Geneviève Lachance (eds.) - 2021 - Bruxelles: Ousia.
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  32. I Megarici: studio storico-critico e traduzione delle testimonianze antiche.Luciano Montoneri - 1984 - Catania: Università di Catania.
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  33.  31
    Stesichorus at Bovillae?Nicholas Horsfall - 1979 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 99:26-48.
    The termTabulae Iliacaeis conventionally applied to twenty low reliefs scattered through museums from Warsaw to New York. The common name conceals a bewildering artistic farrago: the earliestTabula, theTabula Iliaca Capitolina, is mid-Augustan, the latest late Antonine. Five of theTabulaebear the name Theodorus and I shall argue that he is the craftsman responsible for their execution. Where provenance is known, it is always Rome or the Roman Campagna. The materials of theTabulaevary widely: most, but not all, are of some sort of (...)
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  34. Hegel’s Interpretation of the Liar Paradox.Franca D’Agostini & Elena Ficara - 2021 - History and Philosophy of Logic 43 (2):105-128.
    In his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, Hegel develops a subtle analysis of Megarian paradoxes: the Liar, the Veiled Man and the Sorites. In this paper, we focus on Hegel's interpretation of...
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  35.  14
    Truth.Anil Gupta - 2001 - In Lou Goble (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 90–114.
    The concept of truth serves in logic not only as an instrument but also as an object of study. Eubulides of Miletus (fl. fourth century BCE), a Megarian logician, discovered the paradox known as ‘the Liar,’ and, ever since his discovery, logicians down the ages ‐ Aristotle and Chrysippus, John Buridan and William Heytesbury, and Alfred Tarski and Saul Kripke, to mention just a few ‐ have tried to understand the puzzling behavior of the concept of truth.
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  36.  22
    Argumentos antisténicos en el eutidemo de platón.Francisco Villar - 2020 - Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 61 (147):699-721.
    RESUMEN Una interpretación extendida del Eutidemo sostiene que la práctica erística de la cual Platón busca distanciarse en el diálogo constituye una referencia velada a la dialéctica desarrollada por el socrático Euclides y sus seguidores megáricos. No obstante, los expertos reconocen que la segunda demostración erística pone en boca de Eutidemo y Dionisodoro dos posiciones que fueron defendidas por Antístenes, según las cuales no es posible decir falsedades ni contradecir. Este trabajo busca analizar las refutaciones de dicha sección y confrontarlas (...)
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  37.  35
    Conflictos socráticos en el Eutidemo: la crítica platónica a la dialéctica megárica.Mariana Gardella - 2013 - Argos (Universidad Simón Bolívar) 36 (1):45-64.
    En el presente artículo intentaremos mostrar que en el Eutidemo Platón desarrolla una crítica contra la dialéctica de los filósofos megáricos que tiene por objetivo señalar los aspectos problemáticos de la teoría del lenguaje que fundamenta el procedimiento erístico. Específicamente, Platón muestra que la falta de un criterio de verdad los lleva a comprometerse con enunciados que socavan los fundamentos de la dialéctica. In this paper we shall try to show that in the Euthydemus Plato develops a critic of the (...)
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  38.  41
    Socrates’ Burial in Plato and Euclides.Menahem Luz - 2022 - International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 16 (1):1-14.
    In Phaedo 115c-e Socrates scornfully rebukes Crito for enquiring how Socrates should be buried for Crito had not been persuaded by the previous arguments that burying Socrates’ body is not equal to burying Socrates. A parallel account is found in Aelian and Diogenes Laertius where Apollodorus is rebuked for attempting to persuade Socrates that he should be bothered how his remains would be clothed when laid out. Several scholars have suggested this should not be considered a copy of Plato but (...)
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  39.  15
    Old Comedy and Athenian Power.Leah Lazar - 2024 - Polis 41 (1):51-75.
    In this article, jumping off from Geoffrey de Ste. Croix’s treatment of Aristophanes and the Megarian Decree, I argue that Old Comedy is an underutilised category of evidence for the study of the popular intellectual history of Athens. My particular focus here is the Athenian empire: how does Old Comedy present Athenian power and what does this comic presentation tell us about how at least some ordinary Athenians understood it? Can one popular Athenian imaginary of the empire be constructed through (...)
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  40.  15
    La metafísica megárica: unidad, identidad y monismo predicativo.Mariana Gardella - 2014 - Dianoia 59 (73):3-26.
    Este trabajo pretende elucidar los rasgos generales de la metafísica de los megáricos en contra de las interpretaciones tradicionales que les atribuyen la defensa de un monismo numérico o una teoría de las Formas. Con base en los testimonios sobre Euclides y Estilpón de Mégara, intentaré mostrar que la metafísica megárica se caracteriza principalmente por el desarrollo de los conceptos de unidad e identidad de cada cosa consigo misma, lo que conlleva el rechazo de la diferencia y, en consecuencia, de (...)
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  41.  28
    The History and an Interpretation of the Text of Plato's Parmenides.Robert S. Brumbaugh - 1982 - Philosophy Research Archives 8 (9999):1-56.
    The present study aims at giving factual support to the thesis that the Parmenides is serious in intention, rigorous in logical demonstration, and stylistically meticulous in its original composition. While this consideration may be tedious, still it is useful. Against a past history which has claimed to find the tone hilarious, the logic fallacious, the work inauthentic, the text in need of bracketing by divination, the whole incoherent— against these eccentricities a certain firm sobriety seems called for. I hope that (...)
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  42.  19
    Ανθρωπος περιπατεῖ. Los argumentos del tercer hombre megáricos.Mariana Gardella - 2016 - Elenchos 37 (1-2):69-94.
    The Platonic Theory of Forms has received many critiques from many critics, among which stands out the well-known “Third man argument”. Although traditionally the studies about this subject only have considered the versions of the argument introduced by Plato and Aristotle, the Megarian philosophers also developed other versions of the same reasoning. In this paper I would like to analyze the argument which is attributed by Alexander of Aphrodisias to “the sophists” and to Polyxenus in his commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics. (...)
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  43.  34
    Dialectics.P. Kopnin - 1963 - Russian Studies in Philosophy 1 (4):16-22.
    Dialectics is the theory and method of cognition of reality, the science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and thought. The term "dialectics" has had different uses in the history of philosophy. Socrates regarded dialectics as the art of revealing the truth through the clash of opposing opinions, a means of conducting scholarly conversation leading to true definitions of concepts . Plato termed dialectics a logical method which, when employed in the analysis and synthesis of concepts, (...)
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  44. (1 other version)Handbook of the history of logic.Dov M. Gabbay, John Woods & Akihiro Kanamori (eds.) - 2004 - Boston: Elsevier.
    Greek, Indian and Arabic Logic marks the initial appearance of the multi-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. Additional volumes will be published when ready, rather than in strict chronological order. Soon to appear are The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege. Also in preparation are Logic From Russell to Gödel, The Emergence of Classical Logic, Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century, and The Many-Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic. Further volumes will follow, including Mediaeval and (...)
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  45. Some Endeavours at Synthesising a Solution to the Sorites.Shane Ralston - 1999 - Minerva - An Internet Journal of Philosophy 3 (1).
    ‘Puzzles’, ‘word games’, ‘logical anomalies’, whatever we call them, they perplex us and challenge our familiar patterns of reasoning. One of these puzzles, among many others, originated from the mind of an ancient Megarian logician, Eubulides of Miletus, and endures to the modern day.1 Its name, ‘sorites’, can be traced to the Greek word soros, meaning ‘heap.’ The answer to whether one grain of sand ‘is a heap’ or ‘is not a heap’ seems quite simple: it is not a heap. (...)
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  46. In Defence of the Dialectical School.Theodor Ebert - 2008 - In Francesca Alesse (ed.), Anthropine Sophia. Studi di filologia e storiografia filosofica in memoria di Gabriele Giannantoni. Bibliopolis. pp. 275-293.
    In this paper I defend the existence of a Dialectical school proper against criticisms brought forward by Klaus Döring and by Jonathan Barnes. Whereas Döring claims that there was no Dialectical school separate from the Megarians, Barnes takes issue with my claim (argued for in “Dialektiker und frühe Stoiker bei Sextus Empiricus”) that most of the reports in Sextus on the dialecticians refer to members of the Dialectical school. Barnes contends that these dialecticians are in fact Stoic logicians. As (...)
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  47.  15
    OPW and de Ste. Croix: the Past and Present Views of a Pupil.Robin Lane Fox - 2024 - Polis 41 (1):9-50.
    This survey, by a pupil of Geoffrey de Ste. Croix and eventual successor in his Oxford job, combines personal recollections of de Ste. Croix’s horizons and intellectual range with a penetrating study of his Origins of the Peloponnesian War, its underlying debts and detailed contentions. It addresses his, and Thucydides’, engagement with origins and causes, his central contention about votes by the Spartans and their allies on whether to go to war, the roles of Corinth, Megara and the much-discussed Megarian (...)
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  48. Socrates’ Tomb in Antisthenes’ Kyrsas and its Relationship with Plato’s Phaedo.Menahem Luz - 2022 - International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 1176 (2):163-177.
    Socrates’ burial is dismissed as philosophically irrelevant in Phaedo 115c-e although it had previously been discussed by Plato’s older contemporaries. In Antisthenes’ Kyrsas dialogue describes a visit to Socrates’ tomb by a lover of Socrates who receives protreptic advice in a dream sequence while sleeping over Socrates’ grave. The dialogue is a metaphysical explanation of how Socrates’ spiritual message was continued after death. Plato underplays this metaphorical imagery by lampooning Antisthenes philosophy and his work (Phd. 81b-82e) and subsequently precludes him (...)
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  49.  20
    Comic technique and the fourth actor.C. W. Marshall - 1997 - Classical Quarterly 47 (01):77-.
    A recent article on ‘The Number of Speaking Actors in Old Comedy’ by D. M. MacDowell has argued that to perform the plays of Aristophanes required the use of four, but never five, speaking actors.1 Systematically argued, MacDowell presents a cogent case against Henderson , who has suggested that at times five actors were permitted. MacDowell also presents some very sensible observations on the nature of any prescription which might limit the number of actors. The final paragraphs, however, express considerable (...)
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  50. Štyri antické argumenty o budúcich nahodnostiach (Four Ancient Arguments on Future Contingencies).Vladimir Marko - 2017 - Bratislava, Slovakia: Univerzita Komenského.
    Essays on Aristotle's Sea-Battle, Lazy Argument, Argument Reaper, Diodorus' Master Argument -/- The book is devoted to the ancient logical theories, reconstruction of their semantic proprieties and possibilities of their interpretation by modern logical tools. The Ancient arguments are frequently misunderstood in modern interpretations since authors usually have tendency to ignore their historical proprieties and theoretical background what usually leads to a quite inappropriate picture of the argument’s original form and mission. Author’s primary intention was to draw attention to the (...)
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