Results for 'Matti Saarni'

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  1.  29
    Kant on Language, Communication and Objective Judgment.Matti Saarni - 2023 - Kant Yearbook 15 (1):135-151.
    This paper explicates the role of language and communication in Kant’s account of objective judgment and objective reference. I take it that the basic units of proper objective reference for Kant are objective judgments, which according to Kant are acts of relating given cognitions to other cognitions in the unity of apperception. The question is, does language play any role in this activity, or is this activity reflected in language somehow? I argue that, unlike early critics such as Herder and (...)
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  2.  43
    Knowledge and Inquiry: Essays on Jaakko Hintikka’s Epistemology and Philosophy of Science.Matti Sintonen (ed.) - 1997 - Brill | Rodopi.
    Contents: Matti SINTONEN: From the Science of Logic to the Logic of Science. I: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES. Zev BECHLER: Hintikka on Plenitude in Aristotle. Marja-Liisa KAKKURI-KNUUTTILA: What Can the Sciences of Man Learn from Aristotle? Martin KUSCH: Theories of Questions in German-Speaking Philosophy Around the Turn of the Century. Nils-Eric SAHLIN: 'HE IS NO GOOD FOR MY WORK': On the Philosophical Relations between Ramsey and Wittgenstein. II: FORMAL TOOLS: INDUCTION, OBSERVATION AND IDENTIFIABILITY. Theo A.F. KUIPERS: The Carnap-Hintikka Programme in Inductive (...)
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  3.  71
    Rationality and the genetic challenge: making people better?Matti Häyry - 2010 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Should we make people healthier, smarter, and longer-lived if genetic and medical advances enable us to do so? Matti Häyry asks this question in the context of genetic testing and selection, cloning and stem cell research, gene therapies and enhancements. The ethical questions explored include parental responsibility, the use of people as means, the role of hope and fear in risk assessment, and the dignity and meaning of life. Taking as a starting point the arguments presented by Jonathan Glover, (...)
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  4.  58
    Evidence based medicine guidelines: a solution to rationing or politics disguised as science?S. I. Saarni - 2004 - Journal of Medical Ethics 30 (2):171-175.
    “Evidence based medicine” is often seen as a scientific tool for quality improvement, even though its application requires the combination of scientific facts with value judgments and the costing of different treatments. How this is done depends on whether we approach the problem from the perspective of individual patients, doctors, or public health administrators. Evidence based medicine exerts a fundamental influence on certain key aspects of medical professionalism. Since, when clinical practice guidelines are created, costs affect the content of EBM, (...)
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  5.  32
    Ethically problematic treatment decisions in different medical specialties.S. I. Saarni, R. Halila, P. Palmu & J. Vanska - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (4):262-267.
    Background: Ethical dilemmas are an integral part of medicine. Whether physicians actually feel that they have made ethically problematic treatment decisions or choices in their work is largely unknown. Identifying physicians with ethical problems, and the types of problems and underlying factors, might benefit organisational and educational efforts to help physicians solve ethical dilemmas in a constructive way. We investigated how the frequency and types of ethically difficult treatment decisions vary by specialty.Method: A mail survey of all non-retired Finnish physicians (...)
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  6.  26
    The pragmatics of scientific explanation.Matti Sintonen - 1984 - Helsinki: Academic Bookstore [distributor].
  7.  9
    Revolutionary Struggle for Existence: Introduction to Four Intriguing Puzzles in Virus Research.Matti Jalasvuori - 2012 - In Witzany Guenther (ed.), Viruses: Essential Agents of Life. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 1--19.
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  8. Paradoxes and the Foundations of Semantics and Metaphysics.Matti Eklund - 2000 - Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Numerous philosophical problems, otherwise quite different in character, are of the following form. Certain claims which seem not only obviously true, but even constitutive of the meanings of the expressions employed, can be shown to lead to absurdity when taken together. All such problems can justly be called paradoxes. The paradoxes I examine are the liar paradox, the sorites paradox, and the personal identity paradox posed by the fission problem. ;I argue that in these cases, the claims that jointly lead (...)
     
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  9. Paradoxer: en allmän diagnos.Matti Eklund - 2002 - Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift 3.
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  10. Choosing Normative Concepts.Matti Eklund - 2017 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    The concepts we use to value and prescribe are historically contingent, and we could have found ourselves with others. But what does it mean to say that some concepts are better than others for purposes of action-guiding and deliberation? What is it to choose between different normative conceptual frameworks?
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  11.  64
    Matti Sintonen, Review of Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge by Deborah Mayo. [REVIEW]Matti Sintonen - 1998 - Philosophy of Science 65 (2):370-372.
  12. Music and the living brain.Matti Bergström - forthcoming - Acta Philosophica Fennica.
     
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  13. Short literature notices.Matti Hayry Chadwick & Walter Glannon - 2004 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 7:347-357.
     
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  14.  34
    Aberrant Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Depression Are Attenuated after Psychological Treatment.Matti Gärtner, Mona Irrmischer, Emilia Winnebeck, Maria Fissler, Julia M. Huntenburg, Titus A. Schroeter, Malek Bajbouj, Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen, Vadim V. Nikulin & Thorsten Barnhofer - 2017 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 11.
  15.  22
    Cognitive schemata.Matti Kamppinen - 1993 - In Consciousness, Cognitive Schemata, and Relativism. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 133--168.
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  16.  7
    Länsimaiden kaksi uskontoa: kristinusko ja rationalismi : filosofinen tarkastelu.Matti Luoma - 1990 - Porvoo: Söderström.
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  17. The evolution of the psychosemiosis in the psychic development of the child.Matti Keinaè Nen - 2001 - Semiotica 135 (1/4):25-39.
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  18. Normitulva: määrällisiä näkökohtia.Matti Wiberg - 2010 - In Kristian Klockars, Ilkka Niiniluoto & Kristina Rolin (eds.), Oikeus. University of Helsinki. pp. 2--177.
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  19.  88
    Ethically Problematic Treatment Decisions: A Physician Survey.Samulii Saarni - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (2):121-129.
    ABSTRACT Background: Experiencing ethical problems requires both ethically problematic situations and ethical sensitivity. Ethically problematic treatment decisions are distressing and might reflect health care quality problems. Whether all physicians actually experience ethical problems, what these problems are and how they vary according to physician age, gender and work sector are largely unknown. Methods: A mail survey of all non‐retired physicians licensed in Finland (n = 17,172, response rate 75.6%). Results: The proportion of physicians reporting having made ethically problematic treatment decisions (...)
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  20.  47
    Just Better Utilitarianism.Matti Häyry - 2021 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30 (2):343-367.
    Utilitarianism could still be a viable moral and political theory, although an emphasis on justice as distributing burdens and benefits has hidden this from current conversations. The traditional counterexamples prove that we have good grounds for rejecting classical, aggregative forms of consequentialism. A nonaggregative, liberal form of utilitarianism is immune to this rejection. The cost is that it cannot adjudicate when the basic needs of individuals or groups are in conflict. Cases like this must be solved by other methods. This (...)
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  21.  34
    The relation between the sense of agency and the experience of flow.Matti Vuorre & Janet Metcalfe - 2016 - Consciousness and Cognition 43:133-142.
  22. What are Thick Concepts?Matti Eklund - 2011 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41 (1):25-49.
    Many theorists hold that there is, among value concepts, a fundamental distinction between thin ones and thick ones. Among thin ones are concepts like good and right. Among concepts that have been regarded as thick are discretion, caution, enterprise, industry, assiduity, frugality, economy, good sense, prudence, discernment, treachery, promise, brutality, courage, coward, lie, gratitude, lewd, perverted, rude, glorious, graceful, exploited, and, of course, many others. Roughly speaking, thick concepts are value concepts with significant descriptive content. I will discuss a number (...)
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  23. Conceptual Engineering in Philosophy.Matti Eklund - 2021 - In Rebecca Mason (ed.), Hermeneutical Injustice. Routledge.
  24.  37
    How Implicit Assumptions on the Nature of Trust Shape the Understanding of the Blockchain Technology.Mattis Jacobs - 2020 - Philosophy and Technology 34 (3):573-587.
    The role that trust plays in blockchain-based systems is understood and portrayed in various manners. The blockchain technology is said to enable and establish trust as well as to redirect it, to substitute for it, and to make it obsolete. Furthermore, there is disagreement on whom or what users have to trust when using the blockchain technology: code, math, algorithms, and machines, or still human actors. This paper hypothesizes that the divergences of the depictions largely rest on implicitly adhering to (...)
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  25. Carnapian theses in metaontology and metaethics.Matti Eklund - manuscript
    In contemporary debates about ontology, one prominent skeptical view emphasizes the existence of different possible languages for doing ontology. Eli Hirsch, in recent years the most prominent proponent of a view like this, has defended the claim that “many familiar questions about the ontology of physical objects are merely verbal. Nothing is substantively at stake in these questions beyond the correct use of language” and the claim that “quantifier expressions can have different meaning in different languages”.1 Ted Sider, while critical (...)
     
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  26. Reality and thought.Matti Eklund - 2009 - In John Shand (ed.), Central Issues of Philosophy. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
     
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  27. (1 other version)The liar paradox, expressibility, possible languages.Matti Eklund - 2007 - In J. C. Beall (ed.), The Revenge of the Liar: New Essays on the Paradox. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK.
    Here is the liar paradox. We have a sentence, (L), which somehow says of itself that it is false. Suppose (L) is true. Then things are as (L) says they are. (For it would appear to be a mere platitude that if a sentence is true, then things are as the sentence says they are.) (L) says that (L) is false. So, (L) is false. Since the supposition that (L) is true leads to contradiction, we can assert that (L) is (...)
     
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  28. Making sense of logical pluralism.Matti Eklund - 2020 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 63 (3-4):433-454.
    The article is centered on the question of how best to understand the logical pluralism/logical monism debate. A number of suggestions are brought up and rejected on the ground that they re...
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  29. Carnap and ontological pluralism.Matti Eklund - 2009 - In Ryan Wasserman, David Manley & David Chalmers (eds.), Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 130--56.
    My focus here will be Rudolf Carnap’s views on ontology, as these are presented in the seminal “Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology” (1950). I will first describe how I think Carnap’s distinction between external and internal questions is best understood. Then I will turn to broader issues regarding Carnap’s views on ontology. With certain reservations, I will ascribe to Carnap an ontological pluralist position roughly similar to the positions of Eli Hirsch and the later Hilary Putnam. Then I turn to some (...)
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  30. Inconsistent Languages.Matti Eklund - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 64 (2):251-275.
    The main thesis of this paper is that we sometimes are disposed to accept false and even jointly inconsistent claims by virtue of our semantic competence, and that this comes to light in the sorites and liar paradoxes. Among the subsidiary theses are that this is an important source of indeterminacy in truth conditions, that we must revise basic assumptions about semantic competence, and that classical logic and bivalence can be upheld in the face of the sorites paradox.
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  31. (1 other version)The picture of reality as an amorphous lump.Matti Eklund - 2008 - In Theodore Sider, John P. Hawthorne & Dean W. Zimmerman (eds.), Contemporary debates in metaphysics. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 382--96.
    (1) Abstract objects. The nominalist (as the label is used today) denies that there exist abstract objects. The platonist holds that there are abstract objects. One example is numbers. The nominalist denies that there are numbers; the platonist typically affirms it.
     
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  32. Children prioritize humans over animals less than adults do.Matti Wilks, Lucius Caviola, Guy Kahane & Paul Bloom - 2021 - Psychological Science 1 (32):27-38.
    Is the tendency to morally prioritize humans over animals weaker in children than adults? In two pre-registered studies (N = 622), 5- to 9-year-old children and adults were presented with moral dilemmas pitting varying numbers of humans against varying numbers of either dogs or pigs and were asked who should be saved. In both studies, children had a weaker tendency to prioritize humans over animals than adults. They often chose to save multiple dogs over one human, and many valued the (...)
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  33. Les réformes socioreligieuses intervenues après la déposition de Rabban Gamaliel de la présidence de l'Académie de Yabneh.Matty Cohen - 1996 - Revue D'Histoire Et de Philosophie Religieuses 76 (4):397-414.
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  34.  9
    Tuhatvuotisen elämän tarkoitus.Matti Häyry - 2018 - Ajatus 75 (1):57-74.
    Lääketieteellisten teknologioiden kehitys voi tulevaisuudessa johtaa siihen, että ihmisten elinikä voidaan moninkertaistaa. Eri filosofisista lähtökohdista tällaisen toiminnan toivottavuuteen voidaan suhtautua eri tavoin. Jonathan Glover ja John Harris ovat tervehtineet mahdollisuutta ilolla ja suositelleet pyrkimistä sen toteuttamiseen. Enemmän elämää on heidän mielestään parempi kuin vähemmän, eikä asiaa tarvitse sen kummemmin monimutkaistaa. Leon Kass ja Jürgen Habermas ovat puolestaan torjuneet ajatuksen kauhistuneina. Elämämme arvo ei riipu sen pituudesta, vaan sen annetusta tai lahjana saadusta sisällöstä. Kirjoituksessa teen selkoa näistä kahdesta vastakkaisesta kannasta koskien (...)
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  35.  21
    Once I was: A philosophical excursion into the metaphors of the mind.Matti Itkonen - 2009 - In Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (ed.), Existence, historical fabulation, destiny. Springer Verlag. pp. 155--201.
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  36.  12
    Über Religionspsychologie als eine selbständige Wissenschaft.Matti Luoma - 1967 - Archive for the Psychology of Religion 9 (1):340-344.
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  37.  40
    The Plasticity of Emotional Development.Carolyn Saarni - 2010 - Emotion Review 2 (3):300-303.
  38. Neo-Fregean ontology.Matti Eklund - 2006 - Philosophical Perspectives 20 (1):95-121.
    Neo-Fregeanism in the philosophy of mathematics consists of two main parts: the logicist thesis, that mathematics (or at least branches thereof, like arithmetic) all but reduce to logic, and the platonist thesis, that there are abstract, mathematical objects. I will here focus on the ontological thesis, platonism. Neo-Fregeanism has been widely discussed in recent years. Mostly the discussion has focused on issues specific to mathematics. I will here single out for special attention the view on ontology which underlies the neo-Fregeans’ (...)
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  39.  41
    Doctrines and Dimensions of Justice: Their Historical Backgrounds and Ideological Underpinnings.Matti Häyry - 2018 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27 (2):188-216.
    :Justice can be approached from many angles in ethical and political debates, including those involving healthcare, biomedical research, and well-being. The main doctrines of justice are liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism, luck egalitarianism, socialism, utilitarianism, capability approach, communitarianism, and care ethics. These can be further elaborated in the light of traditional moral and social theories, values, ideals, and interests, and there are distinct dimensions of justice that are captured better by some tactics than by others. In this article, questions surrounding these matters (...)
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  40. Fictionalism.Matti Eklund - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  41. Personal identity, concerns, and indeterminacy.Matti Eklund - 2004 - The Monist 87 (4):489-511.
    Let the moral question of personal identity be the following: what is the nature of the entities we should focus our prudential concerns and ascriptions of responsibility around? (If indeed we should structure these things around any entities at all.) Let the semantic question of personal identity be the question of what is the nature of the entities that ‘person’ is true of. A naive (in the sense of simple and intuitive) view would have it that the two questions are (...)
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  42.  20
    Ultimate Relativism.Matti Kamppinen & Antti Revonsuo - 1993 - In Consciousness, Cognitive Schemata, and Relativism. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 229--242.
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  43.  53
    If You Must Give Them a Gift, Then Give Them the Gift of Nonexistence.Matti Häyry - 2024 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 33 (1):48-59.
    I present a qualified new defense of antinatalism. It is intended to empower potential parents who worry about their possible children’s life quality in a world threatened by environmental degradation, climate change, and the like. The main elements of the defense are an understanding of antinatalism’s historical nature and contemporary varieties, a positional theory of value based on Epicurean hedonism and Schopenhauerian pessimism, and a sensitive guide for reproductive decision-making in the light of different views on life’s value and risk-taking. (...)
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  44. Meaning‐Constitutivity.Matti Eklund - 2007 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 50 (6):559-574.
    I discuss some problems faced by the meaning‐inconsistency view on the liar and sorites paradoxes which I have elsewhere defended. Most of the discussion is devoted to the question of what a defender of the meaning‐inconsistency view should say about semantic competence.
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  45. Imposing a Lifestyle: A New Argument for Antinatalism.Matti Häyry & Amanda Sukenick - 2024 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 33 (2):238-259.
    Antinatalism is an emerging philosophy and practice that challenges pronatalism, the prevailing philosophy and practice in reproductive matters. We explore justifications of antinatalism—the arguments from the quality of life, the risk of an intolerable life, the lack of consent, and the asymmetry of good and bad—and argue that none of them supports a concrete, understandable, and convincing moral case for not having children. We identify concentration on possible future individuals who may or may not come to be as the main (...)
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  46. What Vagueness Consists In.Matti Eklund - 2005 - Philosophical Studies 125 (1):27-60.
    The main question of the paper is that ofwhat vagueness consists in. This question must be distinguished from other questions about vagueness discussed in the literature. It is argued that familiar accounts of vagueness for general reasons failto answer the question ofwhat vagueness consists in. A positive view is defended, according to which, roughly, the vagueness of an expression consists in it being part ofsemantic competence to accept a tolerance principle for the expression. Since tolerance principles are inconsistent, this is (...)
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  47.  47
    Modeling intentional agency: a neo-Gricean framework.Matti Sarkia - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):7003-7030.
    This paper analyzes three contrasting strategies for modeling intentional agency in contemporary analytic philosophy of mind and action, and draws parallels between them and similar strategies of scientific model-construction. Gricean modeling involves identifying primitive building blocks of intentional agency, and building up from such building blocks to prototypically agential behaviors. Analogical modeling is based on picking out an exemplary type of intentional agency, which is used as a model for other agential types. Theoretical modeling involves reasoning about intentional agency in (...)
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  48.  39
    Phonotactic cues for segmentation of fluent speech by infants.Sven L. Mattys & Peter W. Jusczyk - 2001 - Cognition 78 (2):91-121.
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  49. Carnap's Metaontology.Matti Eklund - 2011 - Noûs 47 (2):229-249.
  50.  64
    “What’s that?” “What Went Wrong?” Positive and Negative Surprise and the Rostral–Ventral to Caudal–Dorsal Functional Gradient in the Brain.Mattie Tops & Maarten A. S. Boksem - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
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