La ciudad de Antigua, en Guatemala, ha sido y continúa siendo evocada a través de la palabra diluida en la historia y la memoria. Prueba de ello es el libro Poesía-documento, titulado Antigua Luna (2017), de la escritora costarricense Magda Zavala, publicado en 2017 por la editorial Letra Maya, dentro de la Colección Kayab, en Costa Rica. Este poemario, dividido en tres secciones; I. Capital de los Confines, II. Espacios y voces y III. La visitante, recoge entre sus versos (...) los resabios coloniales de un pasado épico, que convive con un presente transnacional y postmoderno. Ahí es donde los cimientos indígenas sostienen identidades en permanente reconstrucción, aprendida a través de cinco siglos de sobrevivencia en la desigualdad. (shrink)

An indispensable guide to the major work of one of the twentieth century's most influential thinkers.

La obligación política hace referencia a la obligación moral de los ciudadanos a obedecer la ley de sus estados y a la existencia, naturaleza y justificación de una especial relación entre el gobierno y sus constituyentes. Este libro desafía esta relación, busca definir y defender la posición de la filosofofía crítica anarquista contra las alternativas referidas a la justificación de las instituciones políticas. Demuestra el valor de la conquista del enfoque anarquista al problema de la autoridad política, observando las teorias (...) del deber natural, del estado de justifiación, de la legitimidad, de las insitituciones políticas, etc. Razona que la perspectiva anarquista es una hecho indispensable para los teóricos de la obligación política y puede mejorar nuestros puntos de vista sobre la autoridad política y las relaciones sociales. Este libro se construye sobre los trabajos de filósofos anarquistas como John Simmons y Leslie Green, y analiza a los teóricos claves, como Rousseau, Rawls, y Horton. Esta fuente hará una importante contribución a anarquismo político y a los estudios anarquistas en general. (shrink)

What drives us to make decisions? Future-Minded explores the psychological processes of agency and control. If you've ever wondered why we think of coincidences as matters of fate rather than the result of the laws of probability, this book provides the answer. From memory and reasoning to our experiences of causality and consciousness, it unpicks the mechanisms we use on a daily basis to help us predict, plan for and attempt to control the future. Future-Minded - Features a wealth of (...) real world examples to help you engage with this fast-developing area. - Provides clear analysis of psychological experiments and their findings to explain the evidence behind the theory. Thought-provoking and highly topical, Future-Minded is fascinating reading for psychology students studying cognition or consciousness, and for anyone interested in understanding how we try to determine the future. (shrink)

In problem solving research insights into the relationship between monitoring and control in the transfer of complex skills remain impoverished. To address this, in four experiments participants solved two complex control tasks that were identical in structure but varied in presentation format. Participants learnt either to solve the second task, based on their original learning phase from the first task, or learnt to solve the second task, based on another participant’s learning phase. Experiment 1 showed that, under conditions in which (...) participants’ learning phase was experienced twice, performance deteriorated in the second task. In contrast, when the learning phases in the first and second tasks differed, performance improved in the second task. Experiment 2 introduced instructional manipulations that induced the same response patterns as Experiment 1. In Experiment 3 further manipulations were introduced that biased the way participants evaluated the learning phase in the second task. In Experiment 4, judgments of self-efficacy were shown to track control performance. The implications of these findings for theories of complex skill acquisition are discussed. (shrink)

Does the truth interfere with our ability to respond deceptively? We consider this question by examining the effects of task set (i.e. selecting truthful or untruthful responses), both by comparing two presentations of the same task, and through transfer to a different task. All participants carried out the task under instructions to respond correctly, and also to respond incorrectly (Experiment 1), or instructions to respond truthfully and also to respond deceptively (Experiment 2); order of instructions was counterbalanced. In Experiment 2, (...) after completing the main task, participants also performed a Stroop task. The findings suggested that deceptive responses took longer overall, regardless of order of instructions. Moreover, experience of responding deceptively versus truthfully led to faster responding on a subsequent Stroop test. Whilst there may well be processes unique to deceptive responding, the evidence suggests that overcoming interference is a process shared by deceptive as well as non-deceptive tasks. (shrink)

Given the privileged status claimed for active learning in a variety of domains (visuo-motor learning, causal induction, problem solving, education, skill learning), the present study examines whether action-based learning is a necessary, or a sufficient, means of acquiring the relevant skills needed to perform a task typically described as requiring active learning. To achieve this, the present study compared the effects of action-based and observation-based learning on controlling a complex dynamic task environment. Both action- and observationbased learners either learnt by (...) describing the changes in the environment in the form of a conditional statement, or not. The findings show that observational learners are sensitive to the instructional manipulations pursued during learning, in ways that are comparable to the active learning conditions. For both, advantages in performance, accuracy in knowledge of the task, and self-insight were found when learning was based on inducing rules from the task environment. (shrink)

Employing a time-lagged sample of 371 North American individuals working full time in a wide range of industries, occupations, and levels, we contribute to research on employee outcomes of corporate social responsibility attributions as substantive or symbolic. Utilizing a mediated moderation model, our study extends previous findings by explaining how and why CSR attributions are related with work-related attitudes and subsequent individual performance. In support of our hypotheses, our findings indicate that the relationships between CSR attributions and individual performance are (...) mediated through person–organization fit and work-related attitudes. Additionally, when CSR is perceived as important, substantive CSR is positively related to, and symbolic CSR is negatively related to, perception of fit with the organization. These findings contribute toward our understanding of the complex effect CSR has on employees’ work outcomes. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The paper undertakes a critical analysis of the so-called Presupposition of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius Loyola, which prescribes the benevolent interpretation of the other’s words. We aim to identify the anthropological and epistemological background of the pedagogical guidelines contained therein and to explicate the intellectual and moral virtues needed to put them into practice. We argue that practising the Presupposition is both virtuous and mutually beneficial in pedagogical practice.

The present study discusses findings that replicate and extend the original work of Burns and Vollmeyer (2002), which showed that performance in problem solving tasks was more accurate when people were engaged in a non-specific goal than in a specific goal. The main innovation here was to examine the goal specificity effect under both observation-based and conventional action-based learning conditions. The findings show that goal specificity affects the accuracy of problem solving in the same way, both when the learning stage (...) of the task is observationbased and when it is action-based. Additionally, the findings show that, when instructions do not promote goal specificity, observation-based problem solving is as effective as action-based problem solving. (shrink)

This article aims to characterise the visions of ecologisation found within scientific approaches embraced by different epistemic communities, and which have inspired empirical work and public action on agrifood system transitions. Based on comparative readings of works anchored in our two disciplinary fields (ecology and sociology), we identified six large ensembles of epistemic communities as well as their points of convergence and divergence. We identify six ideotypical visions of ecologisation based on the types of ‘relationships to nature’ embedded in these (...) large sets of epistemic communities: protectionism, functionalism, structuralism, post-structuralism, relational and pragmatist-experience-based. We suggest that pragmatist-experience-based approaches allow us to transcend two classical oppositions: between realism and constructivism, and between a conception of nature as passive and external as opposed to active and relational. Without claiming to offer a detailed analysis of these approaches, we hope that our work can be used as a tool to support reflection among scientists and other actors involved in agrifood system transitions. (shrink)

This study examines the first two years of a tactical innovation that emerged in 2012 in Egypt, which involved activist groups organizing patrol-type "intervention teams" to combat sexual violence against women in public spaces. Findings reveal that the new tactic took different forms in the two places in which it was deployed, even though the same actors employed it. I argue that the place in which a new tactic emerges shapes the form it takes. When coming up with a new (...) collective action tactic, activists elaborate visions about how to carry out their actions based on their collective identities and taste in tactics. But as they start experimenting with the new tactic on the ground, they learn about the places' material affordances, symbolic valence, and power relations, as well as the constraints and opportunities that they represent. The material properties of places shape activists' possibilities of movement, patterns of communication, field of vision, and capacity to escape repression or reach safe spaces. The configuration of actors in a place shapes the nature of their interactions with others on the ground, possible alliances, and sources of conflict. The symbolic meanings of places shape the resonance of a group’s actions and the degree of resistance that actors face. Place in part determines the ability of activists to develop a tactic in the form that best fits their preferences. (shrink)

"De playas y espectros. Ensayo sobre pensamiento contemporáneo" aborda una necesaria reflexión a partir de los debates y pensadores más relevantes del panorama filosófico desde hace cincuenta años hasta la actualidad. Con un afán clarificador, pero también con el propósito de realizar una genealogía de las ideas que hoy retornan en nuestro presente se plantean cuestiones como: ¿dónde quedó la utopía?, ¿cómo se ha construido la crítica a Occidente?, ¿cómo podemos releer a los filósofos hoy más influyentes?, ¿de dónde beben (...) los movimientos sociales actuales?, ¿dónde quedan conceptos clave como “sujeto”, “nación”, “individuo”, “valores ilustrados”...?, ¿cómo repensar la identidad europea frente a los procesos migratorios, el retorno de los comunitarismos, del populismo...? La obra pretende evaluar el desenvolvimiento de ese impulso utópico sesentayochista que buscaba la “playa” bajo el pavimento y constatar el retorno de los “espectros” –resurrectos– que hoy recorren Europa. Un texto polémico, no siempre políticamente correcto, que pone el dedo en la llaga de las cuestiones más urgentes de nuestro presente intelectual. (shrink)

Respondents from Austria (N = 146) and the Czech Republic (N = 165) noted down their experiences with people from their neighbouring country and their attitudes to their own country and the neighbouring nation on feeling thermometers. The quantitative content analysis and qualitative critical discourse-inspired analysis of the open statements focused on the role of language in the construction of Czech-Austrian relations. Using qualitative analysis we enquired as to which themes were intertwined with the topic of language, and as to (...) the ways in which the participants perceived themselves, the Others, behind the border, and the relations between the two sides. We looked not only into what participants said but also how they said it. Using statistical analysis we tested the link between language-related topics in the descriptions of intergroup contact and the evaluation of the neighbouring nation as a whole. Throughout the article we compare the findings obtained by the two kinds of analysis and comment on (dis)agreement as well as on the (dis)advantages of both approaches. (shrink)

Reasonableness is a core normative concept in Philosophy for Children (P4C), an inquiry model of education that bridges reasoning, feeling and acting within a community. The concept of reasonableness dates back to Aristotle’s ethical notion of phronesis (1141b), and extends to logical (Gewirth 1983), social and political concerns of major contemporary thinkers (Rawls 2001; Rorty 2001). The development of the concept of reasonableness in P4C was part of the reconceptualization of rationality toward the end of the twentieth century, since Lipman (...) and Sharp were among those thinkers who elucidated and advocated the social conception of rationality offered by the pragmatists. Accordingly, in P4C the conception of reasonableness was highlighted as a cornerstone for the understanding of the notion of a community of inquiry (Splitter & Sharp 1995:6; Lipman 2003:22). (shrink)

Language is more than a source of information for accessing higher-order conceptual knowledge. Indeed, language may determine how people perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Visual processing in linguistic contexts, for instance, mirrors language processing and happens incrementally, rather than through variously-oriented fixations over a particular scene. The consequences of this atypical visual processing are yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the integration of visual and linguistic input during a reasoning task. Participants listened to sentences containing conjunctions or disjunctions and (...) looked at visual scenes containing two pictures that either matched or mismatched the nouns. Degree of match between nouns and pictures and between their expected and actual spatial positions affected fixations as well as judgments. We conclude that language induces incremental processing of visual scenes, which in turn becomes susceptible to reasoning errors during the language-meaning verification process. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza la traducción y validación del instrumento desarrollado por Floresy Adlaon (2022) para aplicar el método inductivo con el modelo SAMR en contextos educativoshispanohablantes. La justificación del tema radica en la necesidad de adaptar herramientaspedagógicas efectivas al idioma español para facilitar su uso en la enseñanza-aprendizaje contecnología. Los objetivos principales fueron traducir el instrumento y por medio del juicio de expertos en el área educativa y tecnológica, realizar su validación semántica. La metodología incluyóla traducción del instrumento Extent (...) of ICT Integration in Science Based on SAMR Model alespañol, seguido de su validación. Los 11 expertos evaluaron la pertinencia y claridad de los ítemsutilizando una escala Likert de 0 a 5. La validez de contenido se calculó con la metodología de la V deAiken, obteniendo un coeficiente de 0,8163, lo que indica un índice de validez bueno, el valor alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,9682. Los resultados mostraron que, aunque la mayoría de los ítems fueron bienvalorados, algunos requirieron reformulación para mejorar su claridad, pertinencia y comprensiónen la traducción al idioma español. El instrumento demostró ser adecuado para evaluar el grado deintegración de las TIC en la educación, facilitando su aplicación en contextos hispanohablantes ypromoviendo la adopción de metodologías inductivas apoyadas por tecnologías educativas. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how public policies may influence the way members of virtual communities linked with social movements perceive the legitimacy of their leaders and governance structures.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on qualitative research with three Brazilian environmental education virtual communities. It adopts an interpretive approach, grounding the analysis in institutional theory.FindingsThe paper shows that a public policy of funding the studied communities has reinforced the legitimacy of some leaders and legitimated more centralised decision‐making structures. The (...) influence of the funding has endured even after the end of the respective contracts.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the paper is limited to three virtual communities in a very specific context, its conclusions may inform other studies on the institutional instruments governments may appropriate to influence the virtual interactions among members of social movements and civil society organisations and which impact their offline interactions as well.Practical implicationsThe paper calls attention to the need to discuss public policies with stakeholders, especially to permit social movements and civil society organisations to have a say in policies that may affect their social structures.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to understanding how public policies impact interactions in virtual environments and in a broader sense, and the relevance of considering the influence of institutions in online interactions. (shrink)