Results for 'Lewandowsky Stephan'

972 found
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  1. The ‘Alice in Wonderland’ mechanics of the rejection of (climate) science: simulating coherence by conspiracism.Stephan Lewandowsky, John Cook & Elisabeth Lloyd - 2018 - Synthese 195 (1):175-196.
    Science strives for coherence. For example, the findings from climate science form a highly coherent body of knowledge that is supported by many independent lines of evidence: greenhouse gas emissions from human economic activities are causing the global climate to warm and unless GHG emissions are drastically reduced in the near future, the risks from climate change will continue to grow and major adverse consequences will become unavoidable. People who oppose this scientific body of knowledge because the implications of cutting (...)
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  2.  51
    Unified cognitive theory: Having one's apple pie and eating it.Stephan Lewandowsky - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):449-450.
  3.  62
    (1 other version)Future Global Change and Cognition.Stephan Lewandowsky - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (1):7-18.
    The 11 articles in this issue explore how people respond to climate change and other global challenges. The articles pursue three broad strands of enquiry that relate to the effects and causes of “skepticism” about climate change, the purely cognitive challenges that are posed by a complex scientific issue, and the ways in which climate change can be communicated to a wider audience. Cognitive science can contribute to understanding people's responses to global challenges in many ways, and it may also (...)
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  4. Implicit learning and memory: Science, fiction, and a prospectus.Stephan Lewandowsky - 1998 - In K. Kirsner & G. Speelman (eds.), Implicit and Explicit Mental Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 373--391.
  5.  27
    Rehearsal in serial recall: An unworkable solution to the nonexistent problem of decay.Stephan Lewandowsky & Klaus Oberauer - 2015 - Psychological Review 122 (4):674-699.
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  6. The interpretation of temporal isolation effects.Stephan Lewandowsky, Tarryn Wright & Brown & D. A. Gordon - 2007 - In Naoyuki Osaka, Robert H. Logie & Mark D'Esposito (eds.), The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory. Oxford University Press.
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  7.  15
    Worldview-motivated rejection of science and the norms of science.Stephan Lewandowsky & Klaus Oberauer - 2021 - Cognition 215 (C):104820.
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  8.  19
    Memory for serial order revisited.Stephan Lewandowsky & Shu-Chen Li - 1994 - Psychological Review 101 (3):539-543.
  9. Rational Irrationality: Modeling Climate Change Belief Polarization Using Bayesian Networks.John Cook & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2016 - Topics in Cognitive Science 8 (1):160-179.
    Belief polarization is said to occur when two people respond to the same evidence by updating their beliefs in opposite directions. This response is considered to be “irrational” because it involves contrary updating, a form of belief updating that appears to violate normatively optimal responding, as for example dictated by Bayes' theorem. In light of much evidence that people are capable of normatively optimal behavior, belief polarization presents a puzzling exception. We show that Bayesian networks, or Bayes nets, can simulate (...)
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  10.  37
    Memory for serial order.Stephan Lewandowsky & Bennet B. Murdock - 1989 - Psychological Review 96 (1):25-57.
  11. Working Memory, Computational Models of.Stephan Lewandowsky & Simon Farrell - 2003 - In L. Nadel (ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing Group.
     
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  12.  50
    Conspiracist cognition: chaos, convenience, and cause for concern.Stephan Lewandowsky - 2021 - Journal for Cultural Research 25 (1):12-35.
    There has been much concern with the abundance of misinformation in public discourse. Although misinformation has always played a role in political debate, its character has shifted from support fo...
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  13.  24
    Forgetting in immediate serial recall: Decay, temporal distinctiveness, or interference?Klaus Oberauer & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2008 - Psychological Review 115 (3):544-576.
  14.  30
    Evidence against decay in verbal working memory.Klaus Oberauer & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2013 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 (2):380.
  15.  57
    The Wisdom of Individuals: Exploring People's Knowledge About Everyday Events Using Iterated Learning.Stephan Lewandowsky, Thomas L. Griffiths & Michael L. Kalish - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (6):969-998.
    Determining the knowledge that guides human judgments is fundamental to understanding how people reason, make decisions, and form predictions. We use an experimental procedure called ‘‘iterated learning,’’ in which the responses that people give on one trial are used to generate the data they see on the next, to pinpoint the knowledge that informs people's predictions about everyday events (e.g., predicting the total box office gross of a movie from its current take). In particular, we use this method to discriminate (...)
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  16.  46
    Influence and seepage: An evidence-resistant minority can affect public opinion and scientific belief formation.Stephan Lewandowsky, Toby D. Pilditch, Jens K. Madsen, Naomi Oreskes & James S. Risbey - 2019 - Cognition 188:124-139.
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  17.  39
    The interpretation of temporal isolation effects.Stephan Lewandowsky, Tarryn Wright & Gordon Da Brown - 2007 - In Naoyuki Osaka, Robert H. Logie & Mark D'Esposito (eds.), The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory. Oxford University Press.
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  18.  25
    Computational Modeling of Cognition and Behavior.Simon Farrell & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2017 - Cambridge University Press.
    Computational modeling is now ubiquitous in psychology, and researchers who are not modelers may find it increasingly difficult to follow the theoretical developments in their field. This book presents an integrated framework for the development and application of models in psychology and related disciplines. Researchers and students are given the knowledge and tools to interpret models published in their area, as well as to develop, fit, and test their own models. Both the development of models and key features of any (...)
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  19.  31
    4 Forgetting in memory models.Gordon Da Brown & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2010 - In Sergio Della Sala (ed.), Forgetting. Psychology Press.
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  20.  32
    Population of Linear Experts: Knowledge Partitioning and Function Learning.Michael L. Kalish, Stephan Lewandowsky & John K. Kruschke - 2004 - Psychological Review 111 (4):1072-1099.
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  21.  39
    Control of information in working memory: Encoding and removal of distractors in the complex-span paradigm.Klaus Oberauer & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2016 - Cognition 156:106-128.
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  22. The Effects of Cultural Transmission Are Modulated by the Amount of Information Transmitted.Thomas L. Griffiths, Stephan Lewandowsky & Michael L. Kalish - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (5):953-967.
    Information changes as it is passed from person to person, with this process of cultural transmission allowing the minds of individuals to shape the information that they transmit. We present mathematical models of cultural transmission which predict that the amount of information passed from person to person should affect the rate at which that information changes. We tested this prediction using a function-learning task, in which people learn a functional relationship between two variables by observing the values of those variables. (...)
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  23.  20
    Simple measurement models for complex working-memory tasks.Klaus Oberauer & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2019 - Psychological Review 126 (6):880-932.
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  24.  33
    Thinking about climate change: look up and look around!Colin J. Davis & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2022 - Thinking and Reasoning 28 (3):321-326.
    We introduce this special issue on Thinking about Climate Change by reflecting on the role of psychology in responding adaptively to catastrophic global threats. By way of illustration we compare the threat posed by climate change with the extinction-level threat considered in the recent film Don’t Look Up [McKay, A. (Director). (2021). Don’t Look Up [Film]. Hyperobject Industries]. Human psychology is a critical element in both scenarios. The papers in this special issue discuss the importance of clear communication of scientific (...)
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  25.  22
    Base-rate neglect in ALCOVE: A critical reevaluation.Stephan Lewandowsky - 1995 - Psychological Review 102 (1):185-191.
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  26.  50
    The critics rebutted: A pyrrhic victory.Stephan Lewandowsky & Murray Maybery - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (2):210-211.
    We take up two issues discussed by Chow: the claim by critics of hypothesis testing that the null hypothesis (H0) is always false, and the claim that reporting effect sizes is more appropriate than relying on statistical significance. Concerning the former, we agree with Chow's sentiment despite noting serious shortcomings in his discussion. Concerning the latter, we agree with Chow that effect size need not translate into scientific relevance, and furthermore reiterate that with small samples effect size measures cannot substitute (...)
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  27.  63
    The case against distributed representations: Lack of evidence.Simon Farrell & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (4):476-477.
    We focus on two components of Page's argument in favour of localist representations in connectionist networks: First, we take issue with the claim that localist representations can give rise to generalisation and show that whenever generalisation occurs, distributed representations are involved. Second, we counter the alleged shortcomings of distributed representations and show that their properties are preferable to those of localist approaches.
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  28.  13
    Social sampling and expressed attitudes: Authenticity preference and social extremeness aversion lead to social norm effects and polarization.Gordon D. A. Brown, Stephan Lewandowsky & Zhihong Huang - 2022 - Psychological Review 129 (1):18-48.
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  29.  26
    Computational Constraints in Cognitive Theories of Forgetting.Ullrich K. H. Ecker & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
  30.  27
    Using parameter sensitivity and interdependence to predict model scope and falsifiability.Shu-Chen Li, Stephan Lewandowsky & Victor E. DeBrunner - 1996 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 125 (4):360.
  31. Bayesian computation and mechanism: Theoretical pluralism drives scientific emergence.David K. Sewell, Daniel R. Little & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2011 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (4):212-213.
    The breadth-first search adopted by Bayesian researchers to map out the conceptual space and identify what the framework can do is beneficial for science and reflective of its collaborative and incremental nature. Theoretical pluralism among researchers facilitates refinement of models within various levels of analysis, which ultimately enables effective cross-talk between different levels of analysis.
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  32.  34
    Introduction. Cultural transmission and the evolution of human behaviour.Kenny Smith, Michael Kalish, Thomas Griffiths & Stephan Lewandowsky - unknown
    The articles in this theme issue seek to understand the evolutionary bases of social learning and the consequences of cultural transmission for the evolution of human behaviour. In this introductory article, we provide a summary of these articles and a personal view of some promising lines of development suggested by the work summarized here.
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  33. What science can do for democracy: a complexity science approach.Tina Eliassi-Rad, Henry Farrell, David Garcia, Stephan Lewandowsky, Patricia Palacios, Don Ross, Didier Sornette, Karim Thébault & Karoline Wiesner - 2020 - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7.
    Political scientists have conventionally assumed that achieving democracy is a one-way ratchet. Only very recently has the question of “democratic backsliding” attracted any research attention. We argue that democratic instability is best understood with tools from complexity science. The explanatory power of complexity science arises from several features of complex systems. Their relevance in the context of democracy is discussed. Several policy recommendations are offered to help stabilize current systems of representative democracy.
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  34.  36
    Memory Without Consolidation: Temporal Distinctiveness Explains Retroactive Interference.Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Gordon D. A. Brown & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (7):1570-1593.
    Is consolidation needed to account for retroactive interference in free recall? Interfering mental activity during the retention interval of a memory task impairs performance, in particular if the interference occurs in temporal proximity to the encoding of the to-be-remembered information. There are at least two rival theoretical accounts of this temporal gradient of retroactive interference. The cognitive neuroscience literature has suggested neural consolidation is a pivotal factor determining item recall. According to this account, interfering activity interrupts consolidation processes that would (...)
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  35.  20
    Why Higher Working Memory Capacity May Help You Learn: Sampling, Search, and Degrees of Approximation.Kevin Lloyd, Adam Sanborn, David Leslie & Stephan Lewandowsky - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (12):e12805.
    Algorithms for approximate Bayesian inference, such as those based on sampling (i.e., Monte Carlo methods), provide a natural source of models of how people may deal with uncertainty with limited cognitive resources. Here, we consider the idea that individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) may be usefully modeled in terms of the number of samples, or “particles,” available to perform inference. To test this idea, we focus on two recent experiments that report positive associations between WMC and two distinct (...)
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  36.  17
    Attractiveness Ratings for Musicians and Non-musicians: An Evolutionary-Psychology Perspective.Stephan Bongard, Ilka Schulz, Karin U. Studenroth & Emily Frankenberg - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  37. From Grounding to Supervenience?Stephan Leuenberger - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (1):227-240.
    The concept of supervenience and a regimented concept of grounding are often taken to provide rival explications of pre-theoretical concepts of dependence and determination. Friends of grounding typically point out that supervenience claims do not entail corresponding grounding claims. Every fact supervenes on itself, but is not grounded in itself, and the fact that a thing exists supervenes on the fact that its singleton exists, but is not grounded in it. Common lore has it, though, that grounding claims do entail (...)
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  38.  70
    Do we understand the intervention? What complex intervention research can teach us for the evaluation of clinical ethics support services.Jan Schildmann, Stephan Nadolny, Joschka Haltaufderheide, Marjolein Gysels, Jochen Vollmann & Claudia Bausewein - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):48.
    Evaluating clinical ethics support services has been hailed as important research task. At the same time, there is considerable debate about how to evaluate CESS appropriately. The criticism, which has been aired, refers to normative as well as empirical aspects of evaluating CESS. In this paper, we argue that a first necessary step for progress is to better understand the intervention in CESS. Tools of complex intervention research methodology may provide relevant means in this respect. In a first step, we (...)
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  39. Difference-making grounds.Stephan Krämer & Stefan Peter Https://Orcidorg Roski - 2017 - Philosophical Studies 174 (5):1191-1215.
    We define a notion of difference-making for partial grounds of a fact in rough analogy to existing notions of difference-making for causes of an event. Using orthodox assumptions about ground, we show that it induces a non-trivial division with examples of partial grounds on both sides. We then demonstrate the theoretical fruitfulness of the notion by applying it to the analysis of a certain kind of putative counter-example to the transitivity of ground recently described by Jonathan Schaffer. First, we show (...)
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  40. The World as a Process: Simulations in the Natural and Social Sciences.Stephan Hartmann - 1996 - In Rainer Hegselmann et al (ed.), Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View.
    Simulation techniques, especially those implemented on a computer, are frequently employed in natural as well as in social sciences with considerable success. There is mounting evidence that the "model-building era" (J. Niehans) that dominated the theoretical activities of the sciences for a long time is about to be succeeded or at least lastingly supplemented by the "simulation era". But what exactly are models? What is a simulation and what is the difference and the relation between a model and a simulation? (...)
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  41. Bayesian Epistemology.Stephan Hartmann & Jan Sprenger - 2010 - In Sven Bernecker & Duncan Pritchard (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Epistemology. New York: Routledge. pp. 609-620.
    Bayesian epistemology addresses epistemological problems with the help of the mathematical theory of probability. It turns out that the probability calculus is especially suited to represent degrees of belief (credences) and to deal with questions of belief change, confirmation, evidence, justification, and coherence. Compared to the informal discussions in traditional epistemology, Bayesian epis- temology allows for a more precise and fine-grained analysis which takes the gradual aspects of these central epistemological notions into account. Bayesian epistemology therefore complements traditional epistemology; it (...)
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  42.  86
    Bayes Nets and Rationality.Stephan Hartmann - 2021 - In Markus Knauff & Wolfgang Spohn (eds.), The Handbook of Rationality. London: MIT Press.
    Bayes nets are a powerful tool for researchers in statistics and artificial intelligence. This chapter demonstrates that they are also of much use for philosophers and psychologists interested in (Bayesian) rationality. To do so, we outline the general methodology of Bayes nets modeling in rationality research and illustrate it with several examples from the philosophy and psychology of reasoning and argumentation. Along the way, we discuss the normative foundations of Bayes nets modeling and address some of the methodological problems it (...)
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  43.  94
    Situated Affectivity and Mind Shaping: Lessons from Social Psychology.Sven Walter & Achim Stephan - 2023 - Emotion Review 15 (1):3-16.
    Proponents of situated affectivity hold that “tools for feeling” are just as characteristic of the human condition as are “tools for thinking” or tools for carpentry. An agent’s affective life, they argue, is dependent upon both physical characteristics of the agent and the agent’s reciprocal relationship to an appropriately structured natural, technological, or social environment. One important achievement has been the distinction between two fundamentally different ways in which affectivity might be intertwined with the environment: the “user-resource-model” and the “mind-invasion-model.” (...)
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  44.  18
    Invited into the Markan paradox: The church as authentic followers of Jesus in a superhero culture.Stephan Joubert - 2019 - HTS Theological Studies 75 (3):8.
    Amidst contemporary culture’s obsession with superheroes as the basis of the new mythologies of our day, and numerous religious communities’ ‘sterilized’ version of Jesus, the church has to rediscover the paradoxical life and teachings of Jesus, as narrated in the Gospel of Mark. Within the honour-and-shame-based Mediterranean culture, within which Mark was written, Jesus’ atypical demeanour and his radical teachings on self-sacrifice, coupled with his shameful death, were perplexing. His opponents did not find any proof in his scandalous teachings and (...)
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  45.  18
    Kant’s “Categories of Freedom” as the Functions of Willing an Object.Stephan Zimmermann - 2024 - Kantian Journal 43 (2):79-122.
    This paper deals with the “Table of the Categories of Freedom” in the second main chapter of Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. It provides an account of the role these categories are supposed to play and also of their conceptual content. The key to a proper understanding lies in the realisation that they are derived from the so­called table of judgements in the Critique of Pure Reason and the functions of thinking, which it compiles by means of a metaphysical deduction. (...)
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  46. Modeling Partially Reliable Information Sources: A General Approach Based on Dempster-Shafer Theory.Stephan Hartmann & Rolf Haenni - 2006 - Information Fusion 7:361-379.
    Combining testimonial reports from independent and partially reliable information sources is an important epistemological problem of uncertain reasoning. Within the framework of Dempster–Shafer theory, we propose a general model of partially reliable sources, which includes several previously known results as special cases. The paper reproduces these results on the basis of a comprehensive model taxonomy. This gives a number of new insights and thereby contributes to a better understanding of this important application of reasoning with uncertain and incomplete information.
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  47.  64
    Animalism: New Essays on Persons, Animals, and Identity.Stephan Blatti & Paul F. Snowdon (eds.) - 2016 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    What are we? What is the nature of the human person? Animalism has a straightforward answer to these long-standing philosophical questions: we are animals. After being ignored for a long time in philosophical discussions of our nature, this idea has recently gained considerable support in metaphysics and philosophy of mind. Containing mainly new papers as well as two highly important articles that were recently published elsewhere, this volume's contributors include both emerging voices in the debate and many of those who (...)
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  48. Everything, and then some.Stephan Krämer - 2017 - Mind 126 (502):499-528.
    On its intended interpretation, logical, mathematical and metaphysical discourse sometimes seems to involve absolutely unrestricted quantification. Yet our standard semantic theories do not allow for interpretations of a language as expressing absolute generality. A prominent strategy for defending absolute generality, influentially proposed by Timothy Williamson in his paper ‘Everything’, avails itself of a hierarchy of quantifiers of ever increasing orders to develop non-standard semantic theories that do provide for such interpretations. However, as emphasized by Øystein Linnebo and Agustín Rayo, there (...)
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  49. Benefits of Collaborative Philosophical Inquiry in Schools.Stephan Millett & Alan Tapper - 2012 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 44 (5):546-567.
    In the past decade well-designed research studies have shown that the practice of collaborative philosophical inquiry in schools can have marked cognitive and social benefits. Student academic performance improves, and so too does the social dimension of schooling. These findings are timely, as many countries in Asia and the Pacific are now contemplating introducing Philosophy into their curricula. This paper gives a brief history of collaborative philosophical inquiry before surveying the evidence as to its effectiveness. The evidence is canvassed under (...)
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  50.  10
    Periods of upheaval and their effect on mediatized ways of life: Changes in media use in the wake of separation, new partnership, children leaving the parental home, and relocation.Stephan Niemand - forthcoming - Communications.
    Media use is always embedded in real everyday contexts, which would suggest that a profound change in everyday structure also brings about a change in the media repertoire. To explore the relationship between everyday structure and media use we present selected empirical findings from a qualitative panel study with couples on how they change their media repertoire in the wake of separation, new partnership, children leaving the parental home, and relocation. For analyzing the effects of these periods of upheaval we (...)
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